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ㅃㅃ 9.

Space Group

Condition in Crystal log mph y

7 Crystal Systems Nation


Translation & Reflection
Center In version
ng L .

HBravaishtti.es 32

pointgwupsscrew.GR
de L

230
Space Group

New ymmety Operation translation


Ex ) I) 0thorhombiccta.HN 2) Orhorhombicl.la#ce
Nation
' 蒲伐 Screen

P O O O O
v A
'
reaction ( type)
. 늞.t픂햄 60 公站
苾爾
, National 年知
translation i

GNe plate Reflection + Translation )

Translation
by He vector of Parallel to theplaneofgt.de reaction If called Where
glideomponen.li 3
is

2. ¢
仙邨 다해야 iii, 倒悧 兆剡

幽班"
Mirror plate Alide
vs
Planet Point group에서 M이 가능한 자리에만 ghde Planet
卵煜 수 있다
Type of

GNeplanea-gt.de :
V2 A방향

b-gt.de : V2 b 방향
Raw과
?
c.glde
Mirror 하게 .臧
: 뇨 (방향 Parallel
.

n-glideika.tn Translation이

b, ( 1방향 일어난다

d-glideikaaab.C-gt.de ( n
.

( 기 Y7 )
,
> ( 차기 .ly ,
z )
' Dashedt.net - -

)
v2
i p

Direction of translation is Parallel to He

dthfley
.

'
伽拙 on
plate
:
D뼤 line (ii)
: ( ^
i
Director of translation is Normal to He
:
:
I
My .it 기기 , 卜狀叭 projection plate
b
of
( projection plate : ab plate )
( n

AL


P (기 ,
y) > (기 , 狀口 )
:
d
p.jp

N.d-gt.de Dash dotline.li )

.fr
.

>

Direct of translation
diagonaltothen.gl
ion is

ide projection Plant


( ^
( Parallel and Normal )

ii (기 y 2 ) > ( 기체 삐 차)
e. 김 , ,
,

( 기 y # 1면에

reflectnddgt.de
,

imagnitude.huH (ii)
ngt.de : 4NE0013대2km가 , d-gt.de : 1NE007 ( 14%가
?⃝
SCrew Axis
Hold Screen Axis

Ration angle :
-
36만 ㄿ

Translation by a vector 5 Parallel to he Nation Axis Where 151 is called he screwcompone.at


ㅈㅅ

>
i. y
i.
(E) $

5 =
※터 ( P =
0.1 2, , . .
1) 介二 Xo 松一州
,

2, 3-foldscrewa.is 4-fddscrewa.is
n
i
뎨 뎨

'

L
ㅮ a
꺳 (

依脈
2 쏂

ii.
i

猷熾
n

7

.no

¥ ↑

,
2900

900 ^

780
120
i
i "" ""

minor plate
모든격자는 1터만큼 떨어진 translation을 가짐 ( 1차원적 병진대칭 )
> • 을 그려줘야함

6th
① 먼저 醜 Nation + translation 인 부분을 그린다
s Crew Axis
2 邯悟 translation 해서 나머지 부분을 채워준다 ( 1차원적 병진 대칭)

悧 •


^
.ua

# • Y3 E가 쌧
5/6 脈一
60 직


i
飜一

磯名 I 쐐
r v 햽
쐐 a

¥
600 600

Mirror plate Mirror plate


Symbolsofscrewa.is
2 < 2 ,

SCrew
axescanreplace.ro#tionaxes44
3 <
3. 32 ,

GNeplanescanreplacemimrplane.sk
41.42.43
6, 62.63.64.65 ,

m a, b, c, n.e.cl

17 Marie
Group
Combat of
n 2D
Point Group
and 5 Marie latt.ee

2D Point 17 Marie
Group ( Have 1세대 ( 5 )
10 ) + 5 + Alide plate >
Group

+ =


P1 ( Paradelogmm +1 ) ( Parallel ogram
2
P2 + 2)

3
pm ( Redangle +m ) ④ P2mm ( Redangle +2mm )
5
P2mg ( Redangle +2mm tgt.de) 6
P2g ( Range +2mm+GM이

g

⑦ 8cm ( Central Redangle


pglRatangktmtGi.de ) +m )

g g

9C2mm ( Central Redangle +2mm ) 10


P4mm ( Square +4mm )

g.mg m

11 P4 ( Square +4 ) 12P4gm ( Square +4mmt GM이


m g

⑤ P6mm ( 120 Rhomt.us +6mm ) ④ P6 ( 12001자0mbust 6)


m

g
⑤ ( 1200 Rhomb.us ④ 331120° Rhomb.us 3)
P31m +3m )
m
+

④P3ml ( 12이 Rhomt.us +3m )


M

International Table
General position
✓ ✓

✓ v
General position : 오직 identity Operation ( E) 에 대해서만 변하지 않고 남아있음

Special position :
Space group의 Operation 중 적어도 하나의
Operation 에
대해서 변하지 않고 남아있음 ( ANS minor in version Center 위의 , ,
site )


General position : (기 ,y) ,
( -
기 ,
y) ,
( 기 , y) ,
( -
기 , y) >

'
4개

Special p.is#on.'.m
.MU#pNib=4.m
.
( V2 y ) , .
( k Y) ,
.

.
( 0 y) , ,
(0 ,
-

g)

.im ( 기 , Y2 ) 네 名) ,
,

. .
M ( 기 ,
0 ) ,
( -
기 ,
0 )

'
2mm ( Y2 ,
소)

2mm ( 42.0 )

2mm ( 0
,
112 )

2mm ( 0.0 )
230 Space Group in Nature

ex) Die
Es
I I cgt.de
P2m
"Crew Nation a is
translation

Space
groupexampkiMonodinic2M.no/inicsystemhghestsymmetry:m-

.ch/3monodinicspacegroupPointgroups
>

Space Group Hi
M "
a
! 挑爬
2, .ae

2세 降 앾 i
i

만 연

M Pm Cm
R (c

2 P2 C2
P2 ,
Space gap
example.it?mm2muHip1icity4
.
' 2
2 1
3 4

>
multpt.it:4

Space Group
exampleiPna2.SC rewaxisandglideplanedonotdterthemultiplicityofap.int
The position movedbyscrewaxisandgt.de plate beingto
a

'
General position ( not Special Point)

^

v.

G, 5, G, ∴ Multi 門斗仟

Graphialsymbdsofsymmetyoperat.rs
Space Group examp.ie : P432.2 General position
-

※ 43은 반시계 방향으로 돌고 ※ ( 妗妖 ii)



시계방향으로 돌고 i

n

陷口 (I) P432.212 a) -

燁 뼅
(1)

• •

( ye ) (개 , y ,
z ) ( 베리 (기 , y, 대
) 2, Axis 한번

A2.212 -

b) P432.213 )

43 Axis 2번 43 ANS 한번
P432.214 -

a) P432.2 ( 4 b)
-

↳ 43 Axis ↳ 43 Axis

P42.215 ) P432.216 )
, ,

1 '

보 translation

r i
,
i translation ✓

, i

i ,

↳ 2, Axis at 다 뼌 柳咐岵 ) ↳ 2, Axis at 다해금은 약에서 岵 )

P432.217) P432.218 -

a)

↳ 2위이 Axis
↳ Hold Axis at Et
P432.2 ( 8 b) -

) 2 -
A ( d Axis at Z =
k

International table for Crystallog mphy ( P4.1mm )


※ .

✓ .
뼸 門批
v
✓ 위아래로 2개씩

i.mu#pliciy=l6vspecia1 附邨
10가지

The asymmet.ie Unit of is The Small est


Part of Unit cell
a
Space Group
from which The Whole cell maybeflledexac.ly by he Operation of an

thesymmetryope.ru#onsAsymmetricunitexampIeP2icmonodinic

C-glid Sym e.ly elements :

C-glideplaneperpendiculartob-axis2.sc
to Nation Axis
수직
Inversion Center


Asymmetricunitnosymmetyoperatorins.de
최소한의 Unit 이 Unit 에의 equiualentp.int를 전부 그릴 수
unlsymme.ly Operation 시 있는 최소영역

asymm.uaH
=

knitceamul
City t.pGeneral
k of position

EMmple.Pmm.mu#p1icityof4.Vasymm=iunitcell
.mu#plicityof2O
'

P2 ,

≤ 기 ≤
i ,
O ≤
y ≤
t.co ≤ Z ≤ I

An asymmeticunitconta.in s All he Information

Say for
The Complete des
has
邨十 of a Crystal structure

Wy蝴 position
WithA position 은 Crystal에서
s 원자들의 위치를 나타낸다

WyckA position은 숫자와 문자로 표시되는데 숫자는 multiplicty.ie#eeWyckoffsite 이다

Multi
pk대는 얼마나 많은 원자들이 symme.tn/ 에 의해 생성되는가를 나타낸다

빠다은 단지 순서를 (
나타낸다 N Physical Meaning )
가장 중요한 Wyckof position은 General position
( with Highest Multi帆叭

다른 wyck.lt position 은 Special position 이다

Space group의 number가 클수록 highersymmety.peration을 가진다

generd
position

Special
position
成邨拙 of he Crystal structure of mile TO a

cnet.e aese primit.ve ( ) → symme.ly Operation으로


not I
나옴

t e t r a g o n a i p -t e t a g o n o . i
→ -

3
Multi帆州 ←

4
¢

3
1

3
2

Crystal canbedescr.bed by its Space gap and


4
2
'
a

he 0때재해 of General Special position sbyat.ms


or

2개 4개 in Unit cell

multiplioitfsymmiyopa.at
=

Unit
.mu#plicHyhotbodyeentered
cell 내의 특정원자 존재수
'
해에 의해 생성됐으므로


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