GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Dr Jivraj Mehta Institute Of Technology,Mogar.

A
Project Report
on

PERVIOUS CONCRETE
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING II A
B.E. III Semester-VI
(Civil Engineering Branch)
Submitted by
Sr Name of student Enrollment no

1 Shaikh Ashraf A 210820106001

2 Parmar Ravi N 210820106003

3 Makwana Niraj P 220823106009

Asst.Prof.Samarth Naik
(Faculty Guide)
Asst.Prof.Samarth Naik

(Head of the department)

Academic year
(2024-2025)

Gujarat Technological University I Dr Jivraj Mehta Institute Of Technology

 CERTIFICATE

” has
This is to certify that the project entitled "PERVIOUS CONCRETE"has been caried
out Shaikh Ashraf (210820106001), Parmar Ravi N.(210820106003) And Makwana
Niraj P (220823106009). Under my guidance in fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor
of Engineering Civil Engineering (6thSem) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmadabad during the academic year 2024-25

GUIDE: Head of Department :

Asst.Prof.Samarth Naik Prof.SamarthNaik

Assistant Professor Civil Assistantprofessor&Head

Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department

DJMIT, Mogar, Anand DJMIT, Mogar, Anand

Internal Examiner: External Examiner:

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 Abstract

Abstract refers to concepts, ideas or theories that are not tangible or

physical. It is the opposite of concrete, which refers to things that can be
perceivedthrough the senses, such as objects, substances, or materials. Abstract
concepts are often based on concrete examples, but they are more general and can
apply to a wider range of situations.

For example, the concrete concept of a tree can be used toby the
senses such as objects, materials, or substances. Abstract can be used to describe a
range of things including art, thoughts, and scientific concepts, whereas concrete
typically refers to things that are more readily observable or measurable. Abstract and
concrete are often used in contrast to one another, with abstract concepts having a less
tangible quality, while concrete things are more easily defined and quantified. In some
cases, abstract ideas may build on or be derived from previous concrete experiences,
as such experiences can provide a foundation for more complex or abstract thinking.

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 Acknowledgement

We would like express our deep sense of gratitude to our project

guid Asst.Prof.Samarth Naik, Department of civil engineering. Who has
guided our work with scholarly advice and meticulous care. He had shown
keen interest and personal care at every stage of our project.

Pervious concrete also called porous concrete, permeable

concrete is a special type of concrete with a high porosity which allows
water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby
reducing the runoff and allowing groundwater recharge.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
Sr.no. Description Page no.

CERTIFICATE I
ABSTRACT III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
C:-1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.1 Pervious concrete. 1
1.1.2 Application of pervious concrete. 2
1.1.3 Pervious concrete application. 3

1.1.4 Limitation of pervious concrete. 5

1.1.5 Fresh properties of pervious concrete. 6
C:-2 Observations With AEIOU Sumarry 7
2.1.1 Activities 7
2.1.2 Environment 8
2.1.3 Interactions 9
2.1.4 Object 10
2.1.5 Users 11

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2.1.6 Overview of methodology 12
C:-3 EMPATHY MAPPING CANVAS 13
3.1.1 Users 13
3.1.2 Stakeholders 14
3.1.3 Activities 14
C:-4 MIND MAPPING 15
C:-5 IDEATION CANVAS 16
5.1.1 People 16
5.1.2 Activities 16
5.1.3 Props/Tools/Object/Equipment 16
5.1.4 Context/Location/Situation 17
C:-6 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS 18
6.1.1 Purpose 18
6.1.2 Product experience 18
6.1.3 Product Function 19
6.1.4 Product features 19
6.1.5 Component 19
6.1.6 Process of manufacture of pervious concrete 20
6.1.7 Batching 20
6.1.8 Mixing 21
6.1.9 Casting 21

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6.2.0 Curing of concrete 22
6.2.1 Haedened properties of pervious concrete 22
C:-7 LEARNING NEED MATRIX 23
7.1.1 Purpose/product concept 24
7.1.2 Theories/method/application process involved 24
7.1.3 Application standard & Design specification 24
7.1.4 Component materials & strength criteria 25
7.1.5 Software/tools/simulation/skill 25
C:-8 CONCLUSION/FUTURE SCOPE 26
Reference 27

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1.1.1 Pervious concrete
Advancements in concrete technology have resulted in the development of a new type
of greener concrete, which is known as Pervious concrete. The research on pervious
pavement materials has begun in developed countries such as the US and Japan since
1980s. In recent times, leader cities around the world have experienced numerous
flooding due to the combination of increased rainfall and reduced in permeable
surface areas.

With the increasing amount of built infrastructures and decreasing permeable unpaved
open areas, the storm water runoff is rapidly increased. As a result, the drainage
system gets overloaded and flash flooding becomes inevitable, thus causing disruption
to the road transport and flooding of basement car parks and shopping centres. In
order to manage the storm water runoff in urban areas, an engineered solution is
needed to avoid flash flooding. The natural process of rainfall infiltration has been
diverted and decreased. Decreasing the infiltration rate causes reduction in recharging
groundwater which has led to a number of environmental concerns, decreasing the
base flow in streams and drying up of small streams

The use of pervious concrete for residential and commercial construction leads to
decreasing the risk of flash flooding and runoff of water. Pervious concrete can be
used for construction of light traffic roads, parking lots, driveways, walkways and
sidewalks. By capturing significant amount of storm water and allowing it to infiltrate
in to ground and recharging the ground water table,

Development Benefits
 Storm water system: All storm water catch basins structures within the plat All
storm water piping to detention vaults and ponds and their subsequent
maintenance and bonding
 The need for detention vault/piping systems and their many problematic issues
 The need for interior plat curbing
 The oily asphalt road surfaces while replacing them with a thick, rigid
concrete surface with a 30+ year life expectancy

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A pervious infrastructure is much more profitable for the developer Eliminates time
consuming and costly storm water detention vaults and piping systems Eliminates the
cost of curb and gutter installations Reclaims lots otherwise consumed by vaults and
ponds

1.1.2 Application of Pervious Concrete

Although not a new technology (it was first used in 1852). pervious concrete is
receiving renewed interest, partly because of federal clean water legislation. The high
flow rate of water through a pervious concrete pavement allows rainfall to be captured
and to percolate into the ground, reducing storm water runoff, recharging groundwater,
supporting sustainable construction, providing a solution for construction that is
sensitive to environmental concerns, and helping owners comply with EPA storm
water regulations. This unique ability of pervious concrete offers advantages to the
environment, public agencies, and building owners by controlling rainwater on-site
and addressing storm water runoff issues. This can be of particular interest in urban
areas, or where land is very expensive. Depending on local regulations and
environment, a pervious concrete

pavement and its sub base may provide enough water storage capacity to eliminate the
need for retention ponds, swales, and other precipitation runoff containment strategies,
This provides for more efficient land use and is one factor that has led to a renewed
interest in pervious concrete. Other applications that take advantage of the high flow

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rate through pervious concrete include drainage media for hydraulic structures,
parking lots, tennis courts, greenhouses, and pervious base layers under heavy-duty
pavements. Its high porosity also gives it other useful characteristics: it is thermally
insulating (for example, in walls of buildings) and has good acoustical properties (for
sound barrier walls).

1.1.3 Pervious concrete application.

Low-volume pavements Residential roads, alleys, and
driveways

Concrete overlays for highway Foundations/floors for greenhouses,

pavements. fish hatcheries, aquatic centres, and
zoos.

Sidewalks and pathways Tennis courts

Low water crossings Parking lots

Sub-base for conventional concrete Slope stabilization

Artificial reefs Tree grates in sidewalks

Channel/Well linings Hydraulic structures

Patios Groins and scawalls

Pavements edge drains Walls (including load bearing)

Noise barriers Curb and gutter

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 Sidewalks and pathways parking areas

Slope stabilization Tennis courts

Swimming pool decks pavemnet edge drains

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 Garden walk ways Floor foundation

1.1.4 Limitation of Pervious Concrete

 While this thirsty pavement is an excellent option for certain situations, it may
not always be a viable choice.

 Because pervious concrete has a rough-textured, honeycombed surface,

moderate amounts of surface ravelling are normal. This can be a problem on
heavily travelled roadways.

 "The main reason pervious concrete is not used for high-traffic pavements, such
as highways, is surface ravelling." says Youngs, who notes that tire sheer can
loosen the aggregate at the surface. One potential solution being looked at is to
grind down the pavement surface about half an inch.

 Special attention must also be given to the overall design of the pavement
system in order for pervious concrete to perform as intended. Proper
engineering of the substrate beneath the pavement is essential, since it must be
able to temporarily store the water while it percolates into the soil. An initial
soils site survey and site-specific storm water calculations should be performed
by a storm water management engineer.

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1.1.5 Fresh properties of Pervious Concrete
 The plastic pervious concrete mixture is stiff compared to traditional concrete.
Slumps, when measured, are generally less than ¼ inches (20 mm), although
slumps as high as 2 inches (50 mm) have been used. When placed and
compacted, the aggregates are tightly adhered to one anokser and exhibit the
characteristic open matrix.

Fresh properties of pervoius

For quality control and quality assurance, unit weight or bulk density is the preferred
measurement because some fresh concrete properties, such as slump, are not
meaningful for pervious concrete. Conventional cast-cylinder strength tests are also
of little value, because the field consolidation of pervious concrete is difficult to
reproduce in cylindrical test specimens, and strengths are heavily dependent on the
void content. Unit weights of pervious concate mixtures are approximately 70% of
traditional concrete mixtures.

Concrete working time is typically reduced for pervious concrete mixtures. Usually,
one hour between mixing and placing is all that is recommended. However, this can
be controlled using retarders and hydration stabilizers that extend the working time
by as much as 1.5 hours, depending on the dosage.

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 Chapter-2-AEIOU Summary
Evaluation of idea

AEIOU charts describe us overall idea about all details about pervious concrete.

2.1.1 ACTIVITIES:

These are goal-directed sets of actions-paths towards things people want to

accomplish.

What are the modes people work in, and the specific activities and processes they go

Through.

In Summary of ACTIVITIES

We describe general Impression, elements and summary of actives

In general impression we describe that what is going on the site.

Here people are engaged in some other activities some of us are mentioned below:

 Selection of material - general materials & admixture

 Selection of moulds - square, cylindrical, slump, shpes moulds
 Lubing - lubing the mould before cast concrete
 Mixing of material - admixture added for our requirement
 Curing - make a poraus block and cure for 7 days
 Curing concrete -make a concrete block and cure 7 days
 Material testing - fresh material testing ex-slump test
 Hard material testing - compression test
 Result - if pass all test we use in our daily life cycle

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2.1.2 ENVIRONMENT:
It include the entire arena where activities take place

In Summary of ENVIRONMENT

We describe general impression, elements, and features

In general impression in general impression we describe atmosphere

 Noise pollution

 Cool atmosphere

 Air pollution

 Cloudy

 Humidity

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2.1.3 INTERACTION
These are between a person and someone or something else; they are the building
blocks of activities.

In Summary of INTERACTONS

We describe interactions that how people should interact with each other

Here we describe general impression and elements

In general impression we describe

 Man to Man

 Engineer to engineer

 Watchman to labor

 Engineer to owner

 Contractor to labor

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2.1.4 OBJECT:
These are building blocks of the environment,

what are the objects and devices people have in their environments and how do
they relate to their activities?

In Summary of OBJECT

We describe object which includes

 Mold

 Cement (53 grade

 . Sand.

 Aggregate

 Concrete mixture

 Vibrators

 Water lank

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2.1.5 USERS:
Users are the people whose behaviors, preferences, and needs are being observed.

In Summary of USERS

We describe general impression and elements

In general impression we describe this

People or buyer purchase their residential building for sleeping accommodation.

Buyer purchase their residential comforts for lodging purposes

In other hand people can also purchase as a penthouse purposes

In elements we describe

 Owner

 Architect

 People

 Builder

 Engineer

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2.1.6 Overview of methodology

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 CHAPTER :-3 EMPATHY MAPPING

It creates hilarious nuisance due to lack of basic sense in the

people. In spite of all hard work by the cleaners there people
were not following cleanliness.
The passengers were helped out from beginning till end of their
process of travelling but still people were not ready to wait for
their tum and created haphazard situation there.
People who came to see off the passengers and drivers were
allotted sufficient space to park their vehicle and move inside
still created traffic there due to some or the other reason.

3.1.1 Users:
 Labor
 Contractor
 Engineer
 Owner

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3.1.2 STAKEHOLDERS:
 Labour
 Engineer
 Architecture
 Contractor

3.1.3 ACTIVITIES.
 Selection of material - general materials & admixture
 Selection of moulds - square, cylindrical, slump, shpes moulds
 Lubing - lubing the mould before cast concrete
 Mixing of material - admixture added for our requirement
 Curing - make a poraus block and cure for 7 days
 Curing concrete -make a concrete block and cure 7 days
 Material testing - fresh material testing ex-slump test
 Hard material testing - compression test
 Result - if pass all test we use in our daily life cycle

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 CHAPTER:-4 MIND MAPPING

Mind mapping is canvas is the easy way to know about what is the
project and what is done after completion of the project.

MIND MAPPING

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 CHAPTER:-5 IDEATION CANVAS
5.1.1 PEOPLES:
Parking area and garden walking path commonly used by people so people Indirectly
attached to it

Some of the people are mentioned below which are effected indirectly.

 Builder

 Manager

 Labor

 Officer

 Engineer

 Security

5.1.2 ACTIVITIES:
Ilere people are engaged in some other activities some of us are mentioned below:

 Selection of materials

 Selection of moulds

 Lubing

 Material mixing

 Curing

 Material testing

 Result
5.1.3 PROPS/TOOLS/OBJECT/EQUIPMENT:
Following are the props or objects:-
 SAND
 WATER
 CONCRETE MIXTURE
 AGGRIGATE
 CEMENT WATER CEMENT RATIO

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5.1.4 Context/Location/Situation:

Then thought for context/location/situation and finally for possible solutions. We

conclude that people's emotions when using an interactive system do not only
influence the current interaction itself.

1. Buyer are consulting about their comforts with consultant.

2. All the facilities and amenities are providing to the costomer.

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 CHAPTER:-6 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

6.1.1 Purpose:
The main purpose of the pervious concrete are cost effect construction, easily
workable.

6.1.2 Product experience:

The facilities provided any many different ways after acquiring the product or to take
at their own hand.

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6.1.3 Product functions:
The main function of the pervijus concrete is the heat absorb, water absorb,efficient
and ground water recharge.

6.1.4 Product features:

1. eco friendly

2. less costly

3. permeable

6.1.5 Component:
The main components are

 sand

 -oven

 aggregate

 mould

 cement

AGGREGATE SAMPLES

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6.1.6 Process of manufacture of pervious concrete.

 Production of quality pervious concrete requires greater care at every stage of

manufacture of concrete. If precise care is not taken, and good rules are not
observed, the resultant pervious concrete is going to be of bad quality. With the
same material if intense care is taken to exercise control at every stage, ik will
result in good pervious concrete. The various stages of manufacture of pervious
concrete are:

 (a) Batching

 (b) Mixing

 (c) Tramporting

 (d) Placing

 (f) Curing

6.1.7 Batching:
 The measurement of materials for making pervious concrete is known as
hutching. There are two methods of batching.

 (1) Volume batching

 (ii) Weight batching

 (1) Volume batching: Volume batching is not a good method for proportioning
the material. The Volume of moist material in a loose condtion weights much
less than the same volume of dry compacted material therefore volame
batching are not used for general purpose.

 () Weight Batching: Blatching by weight is more accurate and leads to more)

uniform proportioning and quality of concrete. For important concrete structure
weight batching system should be adopted Different types of weigh butchers are
available, the particular type to be used, depends upon the nature of the job.

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6.1.8 Mixing:

 The aim of mixing of concrete is to produce a homogenous and uniform pervious

concrete. This means that the different constituted material of concrete be
uniformly distributed throughout the concrete mass. There are two methods
adopted for mixing concrete:

 (1) Hand mixing

 (2)Machine mixing

 Hand Mixing: Hand mixing is practiced for small scale unimportant concrete
works. As the mixing cannot be thorough and efficient, it is desirable to add 10
percent more cement to cater for the inferior concrete produced by this method.

 Machine Mixing: Mixing of concrete is almost invariably carried out by machine,

for reinforced concrete work and for medium or large scale mass concrete work
Machine mixing is not only efficient, but also economical, when the quantity of
concrete to be produced is large. Various type of concrete mixture available foe
mixing of concrete such as follow Batch mixers, continuous mixers etc.

6.1.9 Casting:

 It is not enough that a pervious concrete mix correctly designed, batched, mixed
and transported; it also importance that the concrete must be placed in
systematic manner to yield optimum resuhs. Concrete is poured in the moulds
of size 150mm-150mm-150mm. No compaction is given by vibration or Tamping
rod in pervious concrete.

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6.2.0 Curing of concrete:

Concrete hardens due to chemical reactions between Portland cement and water.
Concrete derives its strength by the hydration of cement particles. The hydration of
cement is not a momentary action but a process continuing for long time.

The rate of hydration is fast to start with, but continues over a very long time at a
decreasing rate. The quantity of the product of hydration and consequently the
amount of gel formed depends upon the extent of hydration. After 72 hours of
casting the specimens is to be demoulded and is transferred to the curing tank,
wherein they will allow to cure for 28 days before testing

6.2.1 Hardened properties of pervious concrete:

 Void content/ Porosity:-

 Void content of the specimen was determined in accordance with ASTM C138-
01, standard test method for Density and air content of concrete.

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 Chapter 7. Learning Need Matrix

Learning need matrix will help students to identify the learning requirements at an
early stage along with prioritization of specific learning along with defined time
duration time allocation for each learning priority.

L N MATRIX

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
7.1.1 Purpose/Product Concepts
The purpose and product concept is to give accommodation for the better
life style and amenities with lots of salient features.

 Road improvement

 Traffic control

 Parking improvement

 Accident safety

7.1.2 Theories/Method/Application Process Involved:

A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something especially one
based on general principle independent of the thing to be explained.

Stage: 1

Observation

Stage: 2

Try experiments

Stage: 3

Final result

7.1.3 Application standard & Design specification:

Design specification is detailed document providing information about the
characteristics of a project to set criteria the developers will need to meet.

Stage: 1

Site survey, Analysis of standard

Stage: 2

Take result

Stage: 3

Apply on site

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7.1.4 Component materials & strength criteria
A part or element of larger whole especially of part of machine. An assembly
plant for Imported component.

Stager 1

Road, setback, parking spaces

Stage: 2

Add some admixture to improve it's quality

Stage: 3

take some test on material

7.1.5 Software/tools/simulation/skill:
Component software or simply software, is a part of computer system that consist of
dats or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the
system is built.

Stage: 1

3d modeling

Stage: 2

Using autocad & staad pro software to design

Stage: 3

Result

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 Chapter 9:- CONCLUSION/FUTURE SCOPE

Based on experimental investigation, following observations are made on the fresh

and hardened properties of Pervious concrete.

 Pervious concrete have less compressive strength compared to conventional

Concrete

..

 Permeability is high due to high void contents..

 After performing the compressive strength test on blocks of course aggregate

and blocks of rounded aggregate,we gained the strength of blocks in which
coarse aggregates are used is less than the blocks in which rounded aggregates
are used.

 The use of pervious concrete should be limited to areas not subjected to high

volumes of traffic

 Even though the compressive strength of the pervious concrete is considerably

less than that of conventional concrete. All of the mixtures tested, however, did
not attain compressive strength strong enough to sustain such high vehicle
loadings. Recommendations are that pervious concrete be limited to areas that
are subjected to small vehicle loads with occasional use by larger vehicles.

Pervious concrete, although not as strong as conventional concrete, provides an

acceptable alternative when used in low volume and low impact areas. Strength is
sacrificed for permeability but not to any degree which would render the pervious
concrete non-functional..

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 REFERENCE
Goggle
design engineering 2B report (slideshare.net)

Book:-Concrete Technology
Published by:- Atul Prakashan
Author:- Dr. R.P.Rethaliya
 pervious concrete Topic - American Concrete Institute
 Pervious concrete - Wikipedia

 Taylor & Francis Online

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680629.2019.1596828

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