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2x/week

the
essentials
program
Intense and efficient 45-min workouts

jeff nippard
E34@7530;1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Disclaimer

3 About Me

5 About This Program

9 FAQ

13 Warm up

16 Exercise Substitutions

18 Essentials Program

19 Program Explained

20 Key Terms

21 Anatomy

37 Exercise Video Demonstrations

39 Comments From Jeff

40 References
ABOUT ME

the essentials program 3


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Exercise
Substitutions

the essentials program 16


               

            

          

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Exercise Video
Demonstrations

the essentials program 37


Rather than having a list of exercise videos in this program, every exercise is a clickable link to allow for a
more seamless experience. This means that all of the exercise videos are on the program pages themselves
and all you have to do is click on the exercise name to open them.

ROMANIAN DEADLIFT

45° HYPEREXTENSION

DB ROMANIAN DEADLIFT

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