The Supplementary English Book - 8 - Online

(Practice Book + Workbook+ Model Speaking
Sets) ^ Grammar ^ Listening

^ Composition ^ Model set
^ Seen and unseen passages ^ Revised and Enlarged
^ Answer key in a separate booklet

For Classroom and Self-study Use
(According to the compulsory English curriculum prescribed by the

Curriculum Development Centre of Nepal)
The
Supplement
English Book 8
up your English language skills
Brush
D. N.
Mukh
iya
Time for good
reading
Kathmandu, Nepal.
Tel.: 01-4385227,
4355052 | Fax: 01-
4880083 e-mail:
timesintlpub@yahoo.co
m
Book:
The
Supplement
English
Brush up your English language skills
Book 8
Publication:
Times International
Publication Pvt. Ltd.
Kathamandu, Nepal
Ph. No.: 01-4385227,
4355052 Fax: 01-4880083
e-mail: timesintlpub@yahoo.com
Copyright:
© Author (2071 BS)
All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means
without permission in writing
from the author.
Edition:
Revised and enlarged 2071 BS
Reprint 2077 BS
Printed in Nepal
Preface
The Supplement English has been widely used and
implemented in Nepal for more than ten years, and it has
gained huge popularity and acceptance from the teachers
and students all over Nepal. The series has been designed as
reference textbooks on the basis of the compulsory English
curriculum prescribed by the Curriculum Development
Centre of Nepal.
The series is intended as a relatively self-contained textbook to
provide students of Grade one to Grade ten with a sound basic
coverage of all the topics in the compulsory English
examination, and helps students build up ability and confidence
they should need to take any other similar examinations in the
English language.
The series gives full coverage to all the topics and language
skills dealt with in the Compulsory English textbooks. It
combines academic presentation with the tried and tested
approach of learning gained from the writer’s prolonged
experience in writing English textbooks, supported with
English teachers’ feedbacks.
The series starts with a sound grounding of grammar that is an
essential prerequisite to success with all the four skills of the
English language – listening, speaking, reading and writing. The
practice exercises in this series will enable the students to
develop their skills across all areas and help them develop the
ability to satisfactorily complete examination questions across
all four skill sets.
I would like to express my gratitude to the following English
experts for their help and support in bringing out this series:
1. RKP Shrestha (ELT Textbook Writer)
2. Gita Sitaula (TOT and English Expert)
3. Rudra Mani Bhattarai (English Teacher)
4. S.N. Mukhiya (English Teacher)
5. Yogesh Sharma (English Teacher)
It is believed that this book is meeting a real need and this
belief is confirmed by the demand for yet another edition.
Any constructive suggestions from teachers, parents, experts
and other readers will be thankfully acknowledged.
The Supplement to English Grammar NEW EDITION (revised

and enlarged) has been brought out including all the suggestions
and feedback obtained from teachers and experts during training
sessions at different places in Nepal. This edition is classroom
friendly and provides more practice exercises for all skills of the
English language.
D. N. Mukhiya
Contents
SECTION A GRAMMAR
1.
Articles ..............................................................................5
2.
Pronouns..........................................................................15
3.
Adjectives ........................................................................2
1 4.
Transformation.................................................................32
5.
Tags..................................................................................39
6. WH
Questions..................................................................50 7.
Agreement........................................................................59
8.
Tense ................................................................................6
7 9.
Conditional ......................................................................81
10. Infinitives and
Gerunds..................................................86 11. Causative
Verbs..............................................................92 12.
Prepositions....................................................................95
13.
Voice ............................................................................102
14. Reported
Speech ..........................................................111 15.
Connectives..................................................................117
SECTION B ReAdinG
Reading..................................................
............................123 WH
Questions....................................................................124
Vocabulary Type
Questions...............................................139 True/false
Questions..........................................................144 Seen
Passages....................................................................145
Unseen
Passages ...............................................................196
SECTION C VocAbulARy
Antonyms...............................................
............................211
Synonyms ..........................................................................2
16 Irregular
Verbs...................................................................222
Regular
Verbs.....................................................................224
Word
Formation.................................................................226
Idioms and
Phrases............................................................232
SECTION D WRitinG
Interpreting Charts and
Diagrams .....................................234 Dialogue
Writing ...............................................................236
Biographies........................................................................2
40 Curriculum
Vitae................................................................242 News
Stories......................................................................244
Leaflet ................................................................................
246 Story
Writing .....................................................................248
Paragraph
Writing..............................................................252 Letter
Writing.....................................................................255
Essay
Writing.....................................................................260
SECTION E SpeAkinG
Speaking
Activities............................................................265
SECTION F liSteninG
Listening
Activities................................................
............272 MODEL
SET........................................................
............274
SECTION A
Articles 1Grammar
1
.
A
o
r
A
N
Study these examples.
An elephant is a huge animal.

It has a trunk.
It has a tail.
It has tusks.
It drinks a lot of water.
Now answer these questions:

a. Does the word ‘elephant’ start with a vowel or consonant?
b. Does the word ‘trunk’ start with a vowel or consonant?
c. Is the word ‘tusks’ singular or plural? Is there any article
with it? d. Is the word ‘water’ countable or uncountable? Is
there any article with it?
Now talk about the following sentences in a similar way:
a. Nisha and Roja are friends.
b. Nisha has a brother and Roja has a sister.
c. Nisha has a cheap camera and Roja has an expensive camera.
d. Nisha likes to drink juice and Roja likes to drink milk.
Grammar Help
• The indefinite article has two forms - a and an. They give
general meaning to nouns. I saw a bull yesterday. (Any one
bull)
An ox is in the field. (Any one ox)
• We use a before words that begin with a consonant sound.
a bull a doll a book a ship
a rat a camera a tree a singer
• We use an before words that begin with a vowel sound.
an ant an egg an ox an umbrella
an axe an eagle an orange an urn
• We use an when ‘h’ is silent.
an honest boy an hour
an heir an honorable teacher
• We do not use a/an with uncountable nouns and plural nouns.
She drinks milk and juice. Curd is made (a milk)
from milk. Dogs are animals.
(an animals)
The Supplement English Book Eight 5

an elephant a big elephant
an old elephant a very old elephant
a clever elephant an intelligent elephant
a very clever elephant a very intelligent elephant
In the above examples, ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used with

the word ‘elephant’. Now answer these
questions:
a. Why is there ‘an’ with ‘elephant’ but ‘a’ with ‘big
elephant’? b. Why is there ‘an’ with ‘old elephant’ but ‘a’
with ‘very old elephant’? c. Why is there ‘a’ with ‘clever
elephant’ but ‘an’ with ‘intelligent elephant’?
Now talk about the following examples in a similar way:

an octopus a small octopus a very small octopus a
man an old man a very old man an inspector a clever
inspector an honest inspector
Practice
Study the examples and do the rest in a similar way:
a student an officer
a good student (good) ……………………(police) an
intelligent student (intelligent) ……………………(strict) a
very intelligent student (very intelligent) ……………………
(honest police)
an engineer ……………………(good)
……………………(old) ……………………
(intelligent) ……………………(very old)
……………………(very intelligent)
……………………(honest)
Grammar Help
• We use a/an with singular countable nouns
in the sense of one. She has a brother and
a sister.
I bought a doll yesterday.
• We use a/an with jobs or professions.
Anil is a doctor and his brother is an engineer.
Karishma is a nurse.
Jenny is a photographer.
• We use a/an with singular exclamations.
What an intelligent girl!
What a boring film!
• We use a/an with units of uncountable nouns.
He ate a piece of cake.
She will drink a cup of tea.
There is a slice of cake.
6 The Supplement English Book Eight
2. THE
Elephants are the largest land animals.
The elephant that I saw in the park had two long tusks.
a. Are there any land animals that are larger than elephants?
b. Does the phrase ‘the elephant that I saw’ give definite or indefinite
meaning?
Now talk about the following examples in a similar way:
The humming bird is the smallest bird.
The sun rises in the east.
Mt. Everest is the highest peak of the Himalayas.
She is the tallest girl in her class.
Ritesh is the first student in Grade VIII.
Grammar Help
We often use ‘the’ with the following nouns:
a. Superlatives: the best player, the most expensive car, the
highest mountain,… b. Single objects in the world: the sun,
the moon, the sky, the earth, the stars, ..... c. Daybreaks: in the
morning, in the afternoon, in the evening,…
d. Directions: the east, the west, the north, ....
e. Newspapers: the Rising Nepal, the Kathmandu Post, the
Times, the Dawn, ..... f. Musical instruments: the piano, the
violin, the harmonium….
g. Religious books: the Ramayan, the Vedas, the Quran,
the Mahabharat, ..... h. Ships: the Marry Celeste, the
Titanic, the Dei Gratia, the Queen Marry, .... i.
Geographical names: the USA, the UK, ....
j. Deserts: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Thar, the Gobi, ...
k. Canals: the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the
Gandak Canal,… l. Historic events: The Martyrs
Day, the Independence Day, .....
m. Rivers: the Karnali, the Ganges, the Nile, the Rhine, the Thames,
The Amazon,… n. Seas: the Caribbean Sea, the Dead sea, the Red
Sea, the Yellow Sea, … o. Oceans and islands: the Atlantic Ocean, the
Pacific Ocean, the Isle of Man,.. p. Mountain ranges: the Himalayas,
the Alps, the Rockies, the Vindhyas, q. Parts in the house: the kitchen,
the bedroom, the dining room, the toilet,.. r. Inventions: Who invented
the radio? When was the telephone invented? s. Periods of history: the
Stone Age, the Renaissance, the Modern Age, …. t. Museums and
libraries: the National Museums, the American Library,… u. Historical
buildings: the Taj Mahal, the Pashupati Nath Temple, the
Kasthamandap,.... v. Internal parts of the body: the heart, the brain,
the lungs, the kidneys,… w. Physical positions: the top, the bottom, the
left, ...
x. Ordinal numbers: the first, the second, the third, the fifth, ....
y. Repeated nouns: He bought a pen. Someone stole the pen.
A thief broke into his house. His dog barked at the thief.
z. Nouns with a clause that makes them definite:
The boy in the red dress is my brother.
The students of this school are very disciplined.
The juice in this packet is fresh.
3. NO ARTICLE
Elephants are huge animals.
They have long trunks.
They are grey.
They live in Asia and Africa.
African elephants are bigger than Asian elephants.
Yesterday I saw a different type of elephant.
In the above examples, articles do not come with some
nouns. What are they? Grammar Help
We often do not use articles with the following nouns:
a. Languages: English, Nepali, Maithili, Newari, French,…..
b. Subjects: Science, Maths, History, Social Studies,…
c. Games or sports: football, volleyball, basketball, cricket, chess,…
d. Days and months: Monday, August, June, Tuesday,…
e. Colours: blue, grey, black, red,…,
f. Continents and countries: Asia, Europe, Nepal, China,….
g. Streets and Lakes: New Road, Durbar Marg, Rara Lake, Phewa
Lake, Lake Geneva,…. h. Single mountains: Mount Everest, Mount
Blanc, Fujiyama, ….
i. Parks and falls: Tribhuvan Park, Ratna Park, Hyde
Park, Victoria Falls,…. j. Abstract nouns: Honesty is
the best policy. Everybody likes music.
Exceptions: Use ‘the’ with abstract nouns if they are used in definite
sense. The music at the party was very nice.
The honesty shown by his father for the villagers was
praiseworthy. k. Plural nouns: Elephants are huge animals. I like
oranges.
Exceptions: If plural nouns are used in definite sense, we use ‘the’ with them.
The elephants that we saw in zoo are very old.
The oranges in that basket are ripe.
l. Uncountable nouns: We drink water everyday. Milk is good for our health.
Exceptions: Use ‘the’ with uncountable nouns if they are used in definite
sense. The water in this pool is very dirty.
The milk that I drank was fresh.
m. Type of, sort of, kind of, etc. + No -Art + nouns
I like this type of pen. He is a different kind of man.
n. Possessive, apostrophe + No-Art + noun
His ............ book was published last year. (His a book was
........ . ) Ram’s ................ pen was on the table. (Ram’s a pen was
........ . ) o. Meals: He had .......dinner in a restaurant this evening.
I had breakfast this morning.
Exceptions: Use ‘a/an’ if an adjective comes before the meal or it refers to a
particular meal: We usually have a light breakfast in the morning.
p. Some expressions:on foot, in town, in public, by mistake, in time, by post,
on duty, on strike, at dinner, at night, at first sight, at
home, at work, at school, at heart, by sea, by air, by
chance, on holiday, on fire, on board, in class, in
danger, under control, by means of, in place of, on top
of, with respect to, take pity on, without permission,
without doubt, etc.
Common Errors
Incorrect Correct
He is a honest person. He is an honest person.
A curd is made from milk. Curd is made from milk. She
had nice lunch with me. She had a nice lunch with me.
This is Riya’s the best poem. This is Riya’s best poem. A
juice in this packet is tasty. The juice in this packet is
tasty. She eats an apples everyday. She eats apples
everyday. The Mount Everest is the highest peak. Mount
Everest is the highest peak. She is tennis player. She is a
tennis player.
She is English teacher. She is an English
teacher. He speaks an English. He speaks
English.
Who invented a microscope ? Who invented the
microscope ? What an intelligent girls! What
intelligent girls!
He met me at the night. He met me at night.
He is the guitar player. He is a guitar player.
She is a M. A. in English. She is an M. A. in
English. He eats an hamburger. He eats a
hamburger.
I have an uniform. I have a uniform.
It is an one-rupee note. It is a one-rupee note.
Exercise
A. Use ‘a’ or ‘an’ in the blank spaces where necessary:

as big as an elephant as blind as.......bat as brave as.......lion as
bright as.......day as busy as.......bee as cold as.......ice as common
as.......dirt as cool as.......cucumber as crazy as.......loon as cunning
as.......fox as cute as.......button as deaf as.......post as dense
as.......brick as dry as.......dust as tough as.......old boots as faithful
as.......dog as fat as.......pig as flat as.......pancake as free as.......bird
as fresh as.......daisy as gentle as.......lamb as good as.......gold as
happy as.......clown as hard as.......nails as thin as.......toothpick as
hungry as.......wolf as innocent as.......lamb as light as.......feather as
slow as.......worm as mad as.......hornet as merry as.......cricket as
timid as.......rabbit as naked as.......baby as neat as.......pin as wise
as.......owl as pretty as.......picture as proud as.......peacock as pure
as.......snow as right as.......rain as sharp as.......needle as silly
as.......goose as slippery as.......eel as slow as.......snail as smooth
as.......silk as soft as.......velvet as solid as.......rock as sound
as.......bell as sticky as.......jam as straight as.......arrow as strong
as.......ox as stubborn as.......mule as sturdy as.......oak as sweet
as.......honey as sweet as.......sugar as tall as.......giraffe as tall
as.......tree as thick as.......brick
B. Use ‘a’ or ‘an’ where necessary:
1. ……….. octopus is ………. animal
without ………. bones. 2. It has
………….round body.
3. ………cook prepares ………food.
4. ………cop is ………police officer.
5. ………doctor treats ……….patients.
6. ………magician performs………magic tricks.
7. ………musician composes………music.
8. ………photographer takes ……….photographs.
9. ………plumber repairs ……….water pipes.
10. ………postman collects and delivers ……….letters.
11. ………banker owns ………bank.
12. ………beekeeper takes care of………bees.
13. ………blacksmith makes things of ………iron.
14. ………butcher sells ………meat.
15. ………driver drives ………vehicles.
16. ………barber cuts………hair.
17. ………lumberjack cuts down ………trees.
18. ………mechanic repairs………machines.
19. ………vet treats ………animals.
20. ………author writes ………books.
C. Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined words.

Change ‘a’ or ‘an’ necessarily:
1. Mr. Yadav is a good engineer. (honest)
Mr.
Yadav…………………………………………………
…………… 2. Gita has an expensive watch. (cheap)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 3. She eats a mango everyday.
(apple)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 4. A good person always helps
others. (honest)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 5. He is an aggressive person.
(calm)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 6. I have a pencil. (eraser)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 7. The farmer has a sickle. (axe)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 8. Sandhaya is a laborious student.
(intelligent)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 9. There is an aeroplane in the sky.
(bird)
…………………………………………………………………………
10.An eagle is a bird. (ostrich)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 11. He is reading an English poem.
(Nepali)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 12. I am writing a letter. (essay)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 13. Jenny is a beautiful girl. (ugly)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 14. Susan is an intelligent girl.
(clever)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 15. His father is a tall man.
(intelligent)
…………………………………………………………………………
D. Insert the words given in the brackets. Change

‘a/an’ necessarily: 1. She is a girl. (intelligent)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 2. He is a policeman. (honest)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 3. This is a car. (useless)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 4. They have bought a car. (old)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 5. Ravi has made a mistake.
(awful)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 6. He is a football player.
(excellent)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 7. His father is a teacher. (English)
……………………………………………………
…………………… 8. He is an old man. (very)
…………………………………………………………………………
E. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ where necessary:

1. Bibina has ……….black dog.
2. He owns…………autorickshaw and three taxis.
3. My brother is .......... SEE candidate.
4. Mr. Dongol is ………..honest person.
5. It is …….. useless thing.
6. Kailash is ……….eye-specialist.
7. Let’s sing………..song.
8. Look! There’s………..bird flying.
9. Mike runs ……... kilometer every day.
10. It is ………... uniform.

11. It is ……….holy river.
12. I go to ……….school everyday.
13. They came here on …….foot.
14. Sadhana saw ………. ewe in the
field. 15. This is …….cheese made
from the milk of a goat. 16. This is
….. tallest building in the world.
17. They eat ….. rice everyday.
18. I’d like to learn ….. piano.
19. It is .......... one-rupee note.
20. This is .......... book
I like very much. 21.
The girl
is………..English
teacher.
22. Anil needs………..new
table in his room. 23. Salim
will start his work in …
April.
24. His father is ……. engineer.
25. I saw ……….. European yesterday.
26. It’s … ………..very old house.
27. He plays ……….. flute well.
28. He went to school by ……….bus.
29. It is ….............. weekly magazine.
30. The Nile is……… river.
31. There is
…………..ewe beside
him. 32. There is much
……….sugar in the tea.
33. They came here
before …… hour.
34. .......... gold is very expensive.
35. This is ............ useful book.
36. David is .......... European.
37. Mr. Thakur is .......... M.P.
38. ……….. sun is a big star.
39. This is ……… very easy question.
40. My friend likes to
be………..astronaut. 41.
New Zealand is ..........
island.
42. Rahul plays ….. flute very well.
43. Rice sells at Rs. 30 .......... kilo.
44. .......... water in the
glass is very dirty. 45.
….... heart cirulates the
blood.
F. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’

where necessary: 1.
Subir fought like
………….. hero.
2. He got into
….............. car with
me. 3. Sabita is ............
M.Sc.
4. Arti is ….. untidy girl.
5. He is good at …… mathematics.
6. He is ……….M.A.
7. I saw …… insect yesterday.
8. Atul came here
without ….. money. 9.
What ……….. nice
picture!
10. ……….water in
this glass is dirty. 11.
He is not ..........
honourable man. 12.
He
is……….dishonest
man.
13. Mr. Singh is
…….excellent
teacher. 14. His uncle
is ……. engineer.
15. He is ……….one-eyed man.
16. Samant is ……….S. P.
17. He is ……….university student.
18. Do you take…….
sugar in……. tea? 19.
Have you ever seen
………… yacht? 20. He
bought ….. jug.
21. What ……….. expensive dress!
22. She looks beautiful in
………. coat. 23. I visit my
grandmother twice……
month. 24. Sagir
welcomed ............ minister.
25. ……….youngest
brother is at school. 26.
…………. cat is a mean
creature. 27. He made
…............ awful mistake.
28. This
is………..expensive bike.
29. Tihar comes once ……… year.
30. Srilanka is .......... island.
31. Thebank is in
……….United States.
32. ………lion is a
dangerous animal. 33. A
horse is………..
animal.
34. Aman plays …..
badminton well. 35.
Copper is ….. useful
metal.
36. David lives in ……….. U. K.
37. ……..Gold is the
king of metals. 38. He
is ….. cleverest
among them. 39.
Arbind is ……. one-
legged man. 40. Archi
is reading………..old
comic.
41. ……….water is changed
into ice by cold. 42. Benaras
is ……….holy city.
43. Buy me ……….umbrella.
44. ……….. football is my favourite game.
G. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’

where necessary: 1. She
is …….MA in
Sociology.
2. Tina is ………. intelligent girl.
3. He didn’t talk to me
for ……..hour. 4.
Chinese is …….
difficult language. 5.
He is ………. MBBS
doctor.
6. Rahul is ….. most popular
boy in his school. 7. He is
……. one-legged man.
8. ……….. milk we drank was sweet.
9. Aryan is …….. honest police officer. 18. What ……..amazing picture! 19.
10. He is ……… one-eyed man. 11. Mr. ……….. sun shines brightly. 20.
Kunal is ………. CDO. ……….little bird once wanted to
12. Aman is good at ….. Science. 13. drink.
He earns Rs. 10,000 .......... month. 14. 21. We played ……….. volleyball
Kunal is ……….good cricketer. 15. He yesterday.
is ……….honest man. 22. Who is …….tallest girl in your class?
16. Who invented .......... radio? 23. Mr. Shrestha is….…… interesting
17. She is …… pretty girl. person.
H. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ where 29. Sabnam went to Delhi by ….. train.
30. Mr. Shrestha is …….. very honest
necessary:
doctor.
24. Bindiya lives in…………… big 31. Kabir is……… interesting person.
building. 32. This is …………….. bus that
25. I ate a light lunch in …… expensive belonged to my father.
restaurant. 33. I spent ……….hour in the temple.
26. Can you see……… igloo over there? 34. She plays ……….. badminton well.
27. She reads ….. Kantipur everyday. 28. 35. Which is ……….. biggest ocean in
Which is ……….largest river in Nepal? the world?
Australia lies between……… South Pacific Ocean and the Indian

Ocean. Like ……… island, it is surrounded by……… water. It is one
of ………flattest lands on Earth. It is considered the world’s ………
seventh and smallest continent. Canberra is ………capital city of
Australia. Sydney is ………oldest and largest city in Australia. It is
………beautiful city of 4 million people. Tasmania is ………smallest
state of Australia. Most of the people
live in cities and towns along the coasts. Its official language is ………
English. There are many unusual animals in ………Australia. You can
see ………kangaroo hopping and a koala in ………eucalyptus tree.
………most unusual animal is the platypus. It has ……… body like
………otter and a bill like ………duck. You can also see a wallaby,
wombat, quokka, bandicoot, dingo, or Tasmanian devil Wool from
sheep was Australia’s ………first major product.
A popular attraction in Australia is Ayers Rock. It is one of ………
biggest rocks in the world. Another famous attraction in Australia is
the Great Barrier Reef. It’s the world’s ………largest coral reef. The
Opera House in Sydney is the city’s ………most famous landmark.
The Australian Alps is Australia’s highest mountains and Mount
Kosciusko is Australia’s ………tallest mountain.
Australia enjoys many different sports. One of these sports is………
cricket. It is ……… very popular game in Australia.

SECTION A
Pronouns 2Grammar
1. Personal pronouns
Study these examples and find the differences:
1. Last week Riya met Riya’s uncle who works in a bank.
Riya’s uncle’s bank is located at Kalimati. Riya’s uncle
gave Riya some chocolates.
2. Last week Riya met her uncle who works in a bank. It is
located at Kalimati. Her uncle gave her some
chocolates.
In the first text, the same words are repeated again and again. In the second
text, the word ‘Riya’ is replaced with pronouns.
Which sentences sound strange, the sentences with pronouns or the sentences
without pronouns?

a. Tina tried to read Rahul’s letter but Tina couldn’t understand
Rahul’s handwriting. Tina tried to read Rahul’s letter but she
couldn’t understand his handwriting. b. Mona asked Kumar whether
Kumar knew where Kumar’s brother was. Mona asked Kumar
whether he knew where his brother was.
c. Manoj wanted to show Manoj’s new dress to Manoj’s friends.
Manoj wanted to show his new dress to his friends.
d. I met Kunal and Ravi yesterday and gave Kunal and
Ravi some books. I met Kunal and Ravi yesterday and
gave them some books.
e. Shilpa writes Shilpa’s daily activities in Shilpa’s diary.
Shilpa writes her daily activities in her diary.
Grammar Help
Words such as ‘I, we, you, he, she, they, him, them, myself, etc’ are
personal pronouns. They are used in place of nouns which we do not
want to repeat in a sentence or in a piece of continuous writing.
• Personal pronouns stand for the three persons- the first, the second
and the third. Look at the following chart to know the persons and
cases of the personal pronouns.
First I me my mine myself plural we us our ours

Person Second person ourselves singular you you your yours yourself
subjective objective possessive self forms singular plural you you your yours yourselves he him his
his himself
Third person singular she her her hers herself it it its -
itself
plural they them their theirs themselves
2. Uses of personal pronouns

• The subjective pronouns often come before verbs in
sentences. They function as the subject in sentences. They
start sentences or clauses.
pronouns stand for gender examples
I, we the speaker or the speakers masculine or I said to Riya, “You can sing well.”
you the listener or the listeners feminine I said to Riya and Ali, “Will you
he masculine (singular male) help me?” Suman is a good boy.
masculine or Riya said, “I study in Grade VIII.” He studies in Grade VIII. Mohan
feminine Anu and Ali said, “We are happy.” is ten years old. He stays in a
hostel.
she feminine (singular female) Sita is very tall. She does yoga daily. Do you know
Shanti? She is a nurse.
it being talked about A dog is an animal. It is a Dogs are animals. They

singular animal, singular good pet. are good pets. I have two
thing, books. They are very
I have a book. It is very thick.
uncountable noun, child thick.
whose sex is unknown The boys are in the park.
Milk is white. It is good They are playing. Here
for health. are some benches. They
they masculine or
feminine or neuter plural
A baby is in the garden. are made of wood.
the person or persons
nouns It is weeping.
• The objective pronouns often come after verbs or prepositions in

sentences. They function as the objects in sentences.
He sends a letter to me and I send to him. She teaches us English.
I gave them some story books. They will meet her tomorrow.
• The first forms of possessive pronouns (my, our, your, his, her, its,
their) come before nouns, and they function as adjectives.
This is my pen. He is eating his food.
She is reading her book. They are sitting in front of their
school. My dress is black. Is this your cap?
• The second forms of possessive pronouns (mine, ours, yours, his,
hers, theirs) do not come with nouns; they stand alone. They
This pen is mine. He is eating his food and
function as pronouns.
she is eating hers. This book is hers. This is my school and that is
theirs.
My dress is black but yours is white.
• When two or more personal pronouns are joined by ‘and’, it
follows the order of SECOND, THIRD and FIRST.
You, they and we are going to Pokhara next Monday.
You and I have failed the exam.
You, she and I study in Grade VIII.
• The self forms of personal pronouns (myself, ourselves, yourself,
himself, etc) are used when the subject and the object of the
verb are the same person. The action is directed back to the
person who does it.
She hurt herself. We did it ourselves.
They can look after themselves.
Use ‘yourself/yourselves’ with imperative sentences.
Do your work yourself. Boys, solve the question yourselves.
Practice
Choose the correct personal pronouns:
1. I can still look after…………………….. (ourselves, himself,
myself) 2. The boys are in the classroom. ………….are
decorating it. (He, She, They, It) 3. I’ve lost my book; can I
read…………………..? (you, your, yours) 4. His father is a
manager. ………………..works in a bank. (He, She, They) 5.
“Whose bicycle is that outside? …………….is very nice.” (They,
It, He) 6. She will come with …………to the party tonight. (they,
them, their, theirs) 7. Did …………….play basketball yesterday?
(she, her, hers)
8. She gave him the book that…………….bought last week.
(she, her, hers) 9. They did it ……….............……. . (himself,
herself, themselves) 10. Mr. Rai teaches ….....…….. Science.
(themselves, us, his)
11. Give ……............….. your book. (our, your, me)
12. …………......……. are your books. (This, These, It)
13. Rahul is my friend. …….............. is from Bhojpur.
(He, She, They) 14. Aryan kicked the
ball ............................... (herself, himself)
15. The girl saw ……………................. outside.
(them, they, their) 16. How old
are.................................? (you, your, yours)
17. Are these ................................. old dresses? (you, your, yours)
18. Tell ………….........…... a story. (she, her, hers)
19. Preety cooked food ………….........…... (himself, herself)
20. ................................brother speaks English very well. (Me,
My, I) 21. These are ................................. family photographs.
(me, my, I) 22. I like teddy bears. This nice teddy bear is for
…..............…….. (I, me, my)
Practice
Replace the underlined nouns with suitable pronouns.
Miss Rockbeat is a famous film star. Miss Rockbeat has made over
twenty films. Many people like Miss Rockbeat’s acting in Miss
Rockbeat’s films. Miss Rockbeat started acting at the age of fourteen.
Miss Rockbeat loves travelling. Miss Rockbeat’s favourite place is
Australia. Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian
Ocean.
Miss Rockbeat is a famous film star. ………………………………….

………………
………………………………………………………………………….
…………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………
………………………………………………………………………….
…………………
Shambhu and Shanti study in Shakti High School. Shambhu and Shanti
study in Grade VIII. Shambhu and Shanti won the prize in the ‘English
in Action’ competition. Everybody thanked Shambhu and Shanti. The
Principal of Shambhu and Shanti’s school was very proud of Shambhu
and Shanti.
……………………………… ………………………………….
…………………
………………………………………………………………………….
…………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………
………………………………………………………………………….
…………………
3. Uses of some
other pronouns
This, that, these, those
Study these examples: This is a ball

and that is a doll.
This is a cap and that is a hat.
These are parrots and those are pigeons.
These are tomatoes and those are potatoes.
• We use ‘this + singular noun’ for something which is

near the speaker. • We use ‘that + singular noun’ for something which
is far away from the speaker. • We use ‘these + plural noun’ for
things which are near the speaker. • We use ‘those + plural noun’ for
things which are far away from the speaker.
One, ones
Study these examples:
I’m looking for a T-shirt. Can I see that red one?

I’m looking for some cotton T-shirts. Can I see these blue ones?
How much are these shirts? How much are these white ones?
Here are three bats. Which one do you like?
I like that smaller one.
• We use ‘one/ones’ when we compare or select things and do
not want to repeat the same noun. ‘One’ refers to a singular
noun, whereas ‘ones’ refers to a plural noun.
I want a watermelon. Give me that smaller one.
SINGULAR
I want some apples. Give me some ripe ones.
PLURAL
Each other, one another
Riya and Mona help each other.

Agni, Sona, Pukar and Kumar help one another.
• The pronouns ‘each other’ and ‘one another’ are reciprocal

pronouns. They express mutual relationship. ‘Each other’
usually refers to two persons and ‘one another’ refers to more
than two.
These boys complain about one another.
Anup and Binod complain about each other.
Exercise
A. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct

pronouns: 1. Shanti and Shambhu told ……..parents about the prize
they won. (they, their, them) 2. Shambhu felt excited, frightened and
happy when …….heard the news. (he, him, his) 3. Ellen began to climb
holding the wet rock with …………hands. (her, she, hers) 4. “You
boasted about …………maze, Daedalus.” (you, your, yours) 5. “Father,
…….have won the English competition.” (I, me, my)
6. Sophie wants a camera, but she hasn’t got the ……………… she
likes. (one, ones) 7. We ………….........…... went to the town.
(ourselves, themselves) 8. Will you have more milk in
…………….tea? (you, your, yours)
9. “My brother’s an engineer.” “Where does …………….
work?” (he, she, they) 10. I am playing cricket with
……………. friends. (my, me, I)
11. I don’t know what ……………. name is. (she, her, hers)
12. ................ village is far from here. It needs two hours’ walk from
here. (Me, My, I) 13. “Is Kunal a singer?” “Yes,…………….is.” (he,
she, it)
14. They were sleeping when …………….…….arrived.
(I, me, my, mine) 15. ........................... went to the
cinema yesterday. (He, Him, His)
16. “Do you like cherries?” “No, I don’t like ……………. at
all.” (it, they, them) 17. This is your dog and that is
….......................…….. . (your, she, mine) 18. ………….........
…... is my best friend. (She, Her, hers)
19. When she asked me a project work, I gave her an
old………….. (one, ones) 20. This book belongs
to ............................... (she, her, hers)
21. “Where are my books?” “………… are in the cupboard.”
(It, They, Them) 22. ……………....... boys can see really
well in the dark. (This, These, That)
B. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct pronouns:

1. This is Shyam Chaudhary. ………..is a balloon captain. (He, She, It) 2.
Jyoti is also a prize winner. …………is from Amar Singh Blind Unit in
Pokhara. (He, She, It)
3. Ram Pd. Dhakal is the manager of the Living World Films.
……..welcomed all the balloonists. (He, She, They)
4. The boys are doing ………….homework. (they, their, them)
5. Tina is going to Pokhara with …………..parents.
(she, her, hers) 6. Suman is a nice boy. I like
……………. a lot. (him, her, his)
7. ......................... are several reasons I want to see you. (There, Their,
They) 8. Go and look at ……………....in the mirror. (himself, yourself,
themselves) 9. I want to buy some mangoes. Can I get some
fresh………………….? (one, ones) 10. The sisters were always
quarrelling among…………. (herself, yourself, themselves) 11.
………….........…... are swimming in the pool. (They, Them, Their)
12. Anjali is a nurse. ................................ works in a hospital. (He, She)
13. Rajesh is an actor. ..................... has acted in a lot of movies. (He,
His) 14. She gave a pen to …..........…….. . (me, your, his)
15. The noise outside awakened ………….........…... (us, we).
16. The teacher made ……………..… learn the words of the poem.
(we, us, our, ours) 17. .......................... is Tom, standing by the post
office. (He, His, Him) 18. Can you give ................................. your
pen? (me, my, I)
C. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct
pronouns: 1. Proud Daedalus and …………. son died because
of carelessness. (he, him, his) 2. Icarus understood …………
father was making wings. (her, his, my) 3. Daedalus and Icarus
flapped ………..arms like a bird. (they, their, them) 4. Give the
balloon to .......................................... (he, him, he)
5. .......................... are not Indians, are they? (Them, Their, They)
6. Jenny lives in Pokhara now with …………….family. (he, her,
she) 7. Sabnam painted it ……...........………. . (herself, myself,
yourself) 8. Can you do it ……..............………. ? (myself ,
herself, yourself) 9. The child hurt ……………….falling from a
chair. (itself, themselves, yourself) 10. ......................... boss
won’t let them come. (There, Their, They) 11. The two sons
quarrelled with ………………… (one another, each other) 12.
......................... is someone to see you. (There, Their, They)
13. This is my dog. …………...........…... is black in colour. (It, Its)
14. An automatic watch winds………………… (itself,
yourself, themselves) 15. This is my new dress.
……………………….is very expensive. (It, He, They) 16.
Sony ………….........…... told me about it. (himself, herself,
yourself) 17. She’s from Surkhet. ……………. name is Pushpa.
(His, Her, Their) 18. His dress is red but ……....................... is
black. (she, her, hers) 19. .......................... are red apples. (This,
These, That)
20. Sunita is reading ……...........….. book. (her, him, its)
D. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the

correct pronouns: 1. We are going to
call ......................... Sophie. (we, ourselves, our ) 2.
Suresh broke ......................... leg skiing. (his, him,
he)
3. “Do you like his pop songs?” “Yes, I like ……………. a lot.”
(it, his, them) 4. They love sweets. These packets of sweets are
for ............... (they, them) 5. My uncle is forty years old.
……………. is a teacher. (He, She, They) 6. All the books of my
friends are very thick, but my ………….are thin. (one, ones) 7. His
father is a doctor and ….........…….. is an engineer. (you, her,
mine) 8. Sita visits ……...........….. aunt every Saturday. (he, her,
its)
9. His name is Pukar. …………….studies in Grade V.
(He, She, It) 10. How many students are there in
…………........class? (you, your, yours) 11.
.......................... isn’t any left. (There, Their, They)
12. The students of this class help………………………….. (each
other, one another) 13. The two blind men help
………………………. (one another, each other) 14. Rita and
……………. mother are both fat. (his, her, their)
15. Ask ........................ a question. (he, him, his)
16. Amrita likes looking at ………….........in the mirror. (yourself,
herself) 17. They always hurt ……….........……. . (they, them, their,
themselves) 18. They are looking at ………….........…... (ourselves,
themselves) 19. Bhola cared only for …………….., not for others.
(himself, yourself, themselves) 20. The sons and daughters of the
family have great affection for…………….. (one another, each other)
SECTION A
Adjectives 3Grammar
1. Types of adjectives
Study these examples and find the difference:
beautiful table five tables wooden tables

some tables each table that table
my table Whose table? brown table
small table round table Chinese table
In the above examples, the underlined words are adjectives. They

describe the noun ‘table/tables’ in different ways.
Answer the following questions:
a. Which adjective shows the quality of ‘table’?
…………………… b. Which adjective shows the number of
‘tables’? …………………… c. Which adjective shows the
quantity of ‘tables’? …………………… d. Which adjective
shows the colour of ‘table’? …………………… e. Which
adjective shows the size of ‘table’? …………………… f.
Which adjective shows the shape of ‘table’?
…………………… g. Which adjective shows the origin of
‘table’? ……………………
Now say how the underlined adjectives describe the nouns:

an oval face a huge elephant six boys a Japanese watch
these caps sour grapes a red flag every student a leather
purse a rectangular room an old man each boy a woollen
shirt an American car a brave boy a plastic jug
an oval face sour grapes

It tells the shape of the noun. It tells the taste of the noun.
Grammar Help
Adjectives are describing words. They describe the quality, quantity,
shape, colour, size, number, origin, material, etc of the nouns that come
after them. Read the following types of adjectives: Quality : beautiful,
good, bad, bright, clever, intelligent, dull, smart, old, young, cold, hot,
happy, sad, honest, dark, wealthy, poor, healthy, expensive, useful.
Quantity : some, any, all, much, more, a little, many, a few, enough, a lot
of, several. Number : one, two, three, four, hundred, eight, first, second,
third, fourth, hundred. Size : long, short, thin, thick, tall, short.
Shape : oval, triangular, round, flat, square, circular.
Material : cotton, leather, woollen, plastic, golden.
Origin : Indian, Chinese, Nepali, American.
Possession : my, your, our, his, her, their.
Demonstrative : this, that, these, those.
Interrogative : what, whose, which.
2. Degrees of adjectives
Alan is taller than Susan.

Peter is as tall as Daniel.
Daniel is smaller than Alan.
Susan is not as tall as Alan.
Alan is the tallest of all.
In the above examples, the comparison is made among Alan, Peter, Daniel
and Susan.
Grammar Help
Adjectives have three forms called degrees of comparison: the positive,
the comparative and the superlative.
• The positive form does not express comparison. It is the simple form of
the adjective without expressing increase or decrease of the original
quality.
He is a tall man.
This is an expensive car.
Remo is a tall boy.
• The comparative form of the adjective expresses a comparison between
two or between one and a number of things taken collectively.
He is taller than me.
His car is more expensive than his sister's.
This restaurant is older than that restaurant.
• The superlative is that form which expresses a comparison between one
and a number of individuals taken separately.
He is the tallest boy in his class.
It is the oldest church in the country.
How to form degrees?
1. Add ‘-er’ to form the comparative and ‘-est’ to form the
superlative of shorter adjectives (Adjectives of one syllable):
Positive Comparative Superlative
tall thick short strong weak sweet tallest
high taller highest coldest greatest
cold higher colder greater slower slowest softest
great slow soft softer fastest
fast faster warmest highest thickest
warm high warmer higher thicker shorter shortest
stronger weaker sweeter strongest weakest sweetest
2. If one syllable adjective has the spelling ‘consonant+ single
vowel + consonant’, we double the final consonant:
fat slim fattest
big sad fatter biggest saddest hottest
hot bigger sadder hotter slimmest
slimmer
3. We use ‘more’ to form the comparative and ‘most’ to form the

superlative of longer adjectives (adjectives of more than one
syllable):

beautiful difficult more beautiful more interesting more fruitful
expensive intelligent difficult more expensive most beautiful most difficult
interesting fruitful more intelligent more most expensive most
intelligent most interesting most fruitful
4. Many adjectives are irregular in comparison:

good better best
bad worse worst
much more most
many more most
little less least
far farther farthest
5. Adjectives ending in -y, -ly, -ow and -er take both ‘more’ or ‘-er’
to form comparatives and ‘most’ or ‘-est’ to form superlatives.

happy yellow simple simpler/ more simple simplest/ most simple
tender tenderer/ more tender tenderest/ most tender
happier/ more happy happiest/ most happy
yellower/ more yellow yellowest/ most yellow
Note: Adjectives ending in ‘-y’ like ‘happy, pretty, busy, sunny, etc’
replace the ‘-y’ with ‘-ier’ or ‘-iest’ in the comparative and
superlative forms.
busy busier busiest
happy happier happiest
easy easier easiest
Practice
Change the degrees of the following adjectives:
Positive Comparative Superlative attractive

bad
beautiful
big
boring
brave
busy
cheap
cheerful
clever
dangerous
expensive
famous
fast
fat
funny
good
handsome
happy
heavy
high
hot
intelligent
large
lazy
long
poor
powerful
rich
short
slim
slow
soft
strong
tall
thin
tiny
useful
warm
wise
young
3. Ways of comparison
Riya is the most intelligent girl in this class.

Kumar is more intelligent than Mohan.
Mohan is not as intelligent as Kumar.
Sita is taller than Anita.

Anita is not as tall as Sita.
Gita is as tall as Anita.
Sita is the tallest of all.
In the above examples, the people are compared using different
degrees of adjectives with different sentence structures.
Work in groups and discuss the structures used in the above
sentences to show comparison.
Grammar Help
We use the following structures to compare things:
Structures Examples
Santosh is taller than Anil.
This dress is more expensive than that dress.
My house is smaller than my friend’s house.
...comparative degree + than +........ ....the +superlative A bicycle is cheaper than a motorcycle.
Kunal is the tallest of all in the class. He’s
the best football player in the team. This is
the thinnest book I’ve ever bought. A car
is the most expensive of the three. Bhola is
degree + ......... the most famous person in his village.
He is as tall as me.
My watch is as expensive as Riya’s. He is
not as tall as me.
Is he as handsome as his brother?
.....as + positive degree + as .......... .....not + as + My watch is not as expensive as Riya’s. Is
positive degree + as .......... Riya as tall as her sister?
They have as many books as we have.
Krish has as few pens as Jenny has. You
....as many as / as few as + countable nouns + as.... know as many people as I do.
I revised this chapter as many times as she
did. Nancy eats as much food as Mina.
....as much as / as little as + uncountable nouns + as... Jenny has as little food as Kiran.
Anil is fatter than his brother. You’ve heard as much news as I have.
She is cleverer than her sister. They’ve got as little water as we have.

some, any, most, more, couple of, a great
4. Determiners much, less,
all, a lot of, lots of, no, number of, a dozen
little, a little,
Study these two a great deal of, none of the
tables. a great amount of
countable
many, both, several, a each,
few, one of the, a every, any, one
singular ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ √ countable plural ⋅ √ √ ⋅ uncountable √ √ ⋅ ⋅
singular plural
these/those (these pens)
this/ that (this pen) a/an (a pen) some/ many /several (some pens) two/ three/
one/each/every (each pen) another (another all (two pens) other (other pens)
pen) a kind of/a type of (a kind of pen) kinds of/types of (kinds of pens) a few/a lot
of (a few pens) one of/either of/neither of
(one of the pens)
Common Errors
much boys many boys many water much water a little puppies a
few puppies a few water a little water a great deal of waters a great
deal of water some book some books
some waters some water most boy most boys more girl more girls all the
girl all the girls many cat many cats both child both children several cow
several cows a few boy a few boys one of the student one of the students
each boys each boy every students every student either of the girl either
of the girls this benches these benches those book those books a dogs a
dog an apples an apple a few book a few books kinds of book kinds of
books
Practice
Correct the following phrases:
much pots many milk a few sugar a great amount of waters
some pot these hen most river more worker all the child
either of girl neither of book a dozen pen an axes a good
boys an ripe apples many donkey both boy several boy those
bag this dolls a kind of trees a few student one of the student
a couple of day a great number of student each apples every
bags
5. Adjectives or adverbs
Her handwriting is beautiful. She writes beautifully. He is a
careless boy. He does everything carelessly. Anu is very quick. She
walks quickly.
This is an easy question. I can solve it easily.
In the above examples, the adjectives describe the nouns, whereas the
adverbs describe the verbs.
Ask similar questions for the above sentences:
Her handwriting is beautiful. She writes beautifully.
“What is beautiful?” “How does she write?”

“Her handwriting.” “Beautifully.”
Grammar Help
Both adjectives and adverbs usually modify some other words.
• Adjectives modify nouns. They do not modify verbs.
Sony has a soft voice. (Here ‘soft’ is an adjective that modifies
the noun ‘voice’.) The boy is careless. (Here ‘careless’ is an
adjective that modifies the noun ‘the boy’.) He
talks careless.
He talks carelessly.
He behaves normal again. He behaves normally again.
• Adverbs usually modify verbs and adjectives. They do not modify
nouns. Sony speaks softly. (Here ‘softly’ is an adverb that modifies the
verb ‘speaks’.) The boy does everything carelessly. (Here ‘carelessly’ is
an adverb that modifies the verb ‘does’.) He
is a quietly man. He is a quiet
man.
I have a beautifully rabbit. I have a beautiful rabbit.
• Read the following structures to know the use of ‘too’ and ‘enough’ with
adjectives, adverbs or nouns.
too+ adjective or adverb too fast
too much/many + noun too much water
adjective or adverb + enough clever enough
enough + noun enough money
The television is too expensive for me to buy.
The television is not cheap enough for me to buy.
There are too many students in this class.
You have too much money, give some to me.
It’s too late to stop him.
Your clothes are big enough to fit me.
Have you got enough money to buy me a drink?
Sorry, I haven’t got enough food for everyone.
I am not strong enough to walk far.

Practice
Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
a. These players played ………………….. beautiful beautifully b.
She speaks very ………………….. quick quickly c. I make new
friends very ………………….. easily easy d. Why do you drive so
…………………..? quickly quick e. She always wears
………………..clothes. brightly bright f. She’s a
…………………..learner. quick quickly g. She left the room
……………….. quiet quietly h. That shopkeeper behaves very
……………….. badly bad i. The cat walks very …………………..
quickly quick j. He’s an ………………..man. honestly honest
The underlined words in the sentences are adverbs. Write what these
adverbs express: TIME FREQUENCY CERTAINTY MANNER
PLACE
He will come tomorrow. He will probably come. He is sitting
upstairs. She never sings. She walks slowly.
1. I met her yesterday. Time

2. I’m going to Pokhara tomorrow. ………………………… 3.
The bus arrives here at 10 o'clock. ………………………… 4.
Gita swims well. ………………………… 5. Sohan ran
quickly in the race. ………………………… 6. She spoke
loudly. ………………………… 7. The child came to me
happily. ………………………… 8. I looked everywhere.
………………………… 9. John looked up and down.
………………………… 10. I’m going out.
………………………… 11. She stayed in the house all day.
………………………… 12. My mother lived in Jhapa for two
years. ………………………… 13. I often eat vegetarian food.
………………………… 14. He never drinks milk.
………………………… 15. She has never paid for food.
………………………… 16. He is probably in the park.
………………………… 17. He has certainly forgotten the
meeting. ………………………… 18. Surely you’ve got a
bicycle. ………………………… 19. My diary is in the
cupboard. ………………………… 20. Come in.
………………………… 21. They built a house nearby.
………………………… 22. She took the child outside.
…………………………
Exercise
A. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct

alternatives: 1. A boy and a …………………. from any Nepali
medium school can take part in the English in Action Competition.
(girl, girls)
2. Miss Rockbeat has travelled to …………….parts of the
world. (much, many) 3. How many……………….has she
made? (film, films)
4. She won the first prize eight ………………..ago. (year, years)
5. I have been to many…………….in my life. (country, countries) 6.
He has worked for a trekking ………………for several years.
(company, companies)
7. The other…….... .are looking forward to working with Shambhu and
Shanti. (actor, actors)
8. I am ……………… short to reach those
oranges. (too, enough) 9. I will buy another
.............................. (pen, pens)
10. A car is ……...........….. than a bicycle. (safe, safer)
11. Can I have .......................... chips? (some, a little)
12. This shirt isn’t big .................... . I can’t wear it. (too, enough)
13. Three ............................. came to our school.
(policeman, policemen) 14. This flower is the
……...............….. of all. (beautiful, most beautiful) 15.
It is the …..........................film I have ever watched.
(funny, funniest) 16. He’s the ....................... person I’ve
ever met. (rude, rudest)
17. ............................ boy was tired yesterday. (Every, All)
18. China is the ……................…..country in the world.
(populous, most populous) 19. Sohan drives .................... fast.
(too, enough)
20. Do………………children visit the zoo? (many, much)
21. Each .............................. has this book. (boy, boys)
22. Elephants are ……..................... than all the other
animals. (big, bigger) 23. Every ................................. in this
class is old. (chair, chairs)
24. Have you got …………..friends? (many, much)
25. He is the ……...............…..boy in his class. (dirty, dirtiest)
26. Suman is …….....….. than Mohan. (fat, fatter)
27. Mt. Everest is the .......................... peak in the world.
(higher, highest) 28. I have three .......................... of toast
everyday. (slice, slices)
29. This chair is much ……..................... than that
chair. (soft, softer) 30. She has two
little............................ as pets. (mouse, mice)
31. My dog is …….............….. than your dog. (big, bigger)
32. It is the ……..................... photograph he has ever taken.
(beautiful, most beautiful) 33. I am ………………………. weak to
open the door. (too, enough) 34. How…………..coffee do you drink?
(much, many)
35. I had many ............................... for my birthday.
(present, presents) 36. She is the ………..girl in her class.
(intelligent, most intelligent) 37. These are the
……..................... stories he has written. (good, best) 38.
How many ......................... do you have in your bag?
(book, books) 39. I am not strong ……………………….
to open the door. (too, enough) 40. Which is the
……..................... bridge in the world? (tall, tallest)
B. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the
correct alternatives: 1. They tell a story about
two………………………(girl, girls)
2. There are seven ……………………………(paragraphs, paragraph)
3. A magazine usually comes out every week or every ………………..
(month, months)
4. Marco Polo was one of the most famous…………….of all history.
(traveller, travellers)
5. After seventeen ……….in China, Marco and his father wanted to go
home. (year, years)
6. There were ……………tribes or groups, all called
Mongols. (many, much) 7. Parrots are ……...............…..than
eagles. (beautiful, more beautiful) 8. Is Canada ……...............
…..than the USA? (big, bigger)
9. A large number of .......................... are there. (boy, boys)
10. All the .......................... are here. (child, children)
11. Who has got an English .......................... ? (book, books)
12. The room’s .................... small. We can’t adjust
here. (too, enough) 13. ……………..students have
come into the classroom. (A few, Many) 14. There are
six .......................... in the pond. (duck, ducks)
15. This bag is not big ………………………. to hold
everything. (too, enough) 16. Sweets are ............... for
children. (bad, worse)
17. That is the ....................... food she has ever made. (delicious,
most delicious) 18. This is the ........................ painting we have ever
seen. (beautiful, most beautiful) 19. Which is the ..........................
bridge in the world? (taller, tallest) 20. It is the .......................
photograph he has ever taken. (beautiful, most beautiful) 21. This is
the………….. restaurant in the town. (good, best)
22. I have two .................................... (sister, sisters )
23. Which is the …….......….. museum in
London? (large, largest) 24. A car is not as
……...............….. as a bus. (big, bigger)
25. It was autumn, and the ............................. were
falling. (leaf, leaves) 26. ………….. of the students
come from abroad. (A lot of, Many) 27. Yesterday was
the ……...............…..day of the summer. (hot, hottest)
28. Your pen is……… than mine. (expensive, more
expensive)
29. Her handwriting is ……………than her sister’s. (bad, worse)
30. They eat ................................. fish and meat. (much, many)
31. His father is as….....................….. as my father. (tall, taller)
32. I’ll be .................... busy to come to the
meeting. (too, enough) 33. There
wasn’t .................... water in the jug. (too,
enough)
34. Several .......................... were destroyed. (house, houses)
35. She is ....................weak to climb the mountain. (too, enough)
36. Tina’s room is ……...............…..than mine. (quiet, quieter)
37. Tom is ……...............….. than Jerry. (clever, cleverer)
38. We do not eat……………….. potatoes. (much, many)
39. There are a dozen .......................... in the vase.
(flower, flowers) 40. I am ………………………. tired
to walk anywhere. (too, enough) 41. They have not
got ………………………. money. (too, enough) 42.
How …………..eggs did you buy? (many, much)
C. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct
alternatives: 1. Marco saw many ……………..which
surprised him. (thing, things) 2. Kublai Khan was one of
Genghis Khan’s four………………… (son, sons) 3. We are a
hundred………………………. (man, men)
4. There is only one
narrow………………………… (path, paths) 5.
Ellen was a blind…………………….. (girl, girls)
6. While the three…………….. and all Shambhu’s friends were eating
supper, Shambhu and Chankhay were on the roof. (man, men)
7. Scotland has…………………. mountains. (many, much)
8. Our friends from a balloon took a few ……..holiday to visit
Muktinath. (day, days) 9. Two ………………..are going to fly right
over Everest. (balloons, balloon) 10. Towards evening a big crowd
gathered, with several ……………………there. (policeman,
policemen)
11. One of the ………………..was carrying the purple
rucksack. (man, men) 12. Is there .................... room for
everybody? (too, enough)
13. We’ve got some .......................... for breakfast. (egg, eggs)
14. They do not have …………… money in the bank. (much, a
little) 15. The weather is ……...............….. today than it was
yesterday. (bad, worse) 16. Rahul is the……...............….. student in
the school. (intelligent, most intelligent) 17. There are several
....................... that are very expensive. (school, schools) 18. I have
fewer .......................... than you. (pencil, pencils)
19. Is there a place for ................................... here?
(child, children) 20. He ate three
.................................. of cheese. (piece, pieces)
21. This is the ………………..movie I’ve ever watched. (interesting,
most interesting) 22. Ravi and Sonam help ………………………
(each other, one another) 23. He isn’t intelligent
……………………..to solve that puzzle. (too, enough) 24. This bag
is ………………………. small to hold everything. (too, enough) 25.
The river is .................... wide. We can’t swim across. (too, enough)
26. I play the flute for an hour every ............................. . (day, days)
27. He earns .......................... money. (much, many)
28. Did the students in this class help…………………..? (each
other, one another) 29. There was food .................... for all. (too,
enough)
30. I’ve had ……….. fun. Thank you for inviting
me. (many, much) 31. Japan is a
big..............................(country, countries)
32. Kunal is as……....…..as Milan. (tall, taller)
33. Is his brother ………………than him? (taller, tallest)
34. Mosquitoes are ……..................... than flies. (small, smaller)
35. What two ………………did Ishwor request? (thing, things)
36. There are ten ………………… in our party. (person, people)
37. Volta was an Italian …………………………(professor, professors)
38. The Jhankri tried many different…………………..(cure, cures) 39.
Film making is one of the world’s biggest …………………(industry,
industries) 40. ‘Balloon over Nepal’ is also popular in
other……………….. as well (country, countries)
SECTION A
Transformation 4Grammar
Study
these
examp
les.
1. David studies in
Grade VIII.
2. He does not study in
Grade VII.
3. Yesterday he bought a book.
4. He did not buy a pencil.
5. Did he buy a toy?

a. Which two sentences state ‘YES’?
b. Which two sentences state ‘NO’? Grammar Help
c. Which sentence asks a question?
d. Which sentence starts with an auxiliary We generally transform sentences to three
forms. They are:
verb?
Do you know?
Now talk about the following examples in There are 24 auxiliary verbs. They are- is,
a similar way: a. Does Salona study in am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do,
Grade VIII? did, does, shall, will, can, may, should,
b. Salona studies in Grade X. would, could, might, ought to, need to ,
c. She does not study in Grade VIII. must, dare to, used to.
d. Does she live at Kirtipur?
e. She lives at Patan.
• Affirmative: She can write a letter. She writes a letter. •

Negative: She cannot write a letter. She does not write a letter.
• Interrogative: Can she write a letter? Does she write a letter?
We need an auxiliary verb in a sentence to transform it. So while

transforming a sentence, it’s important to know whether the sentence
Tina will carry two bags.
has an auxiliary verb or not. Nehal drives a
taxi in China. .
The sentence has the auxiliary verb ‘will’. The sentence has no
auxiliary
verb. It
has the
main
verb
‘drives’.
• Affirmative: Tina will carry two bags. Nehal drives a taxi in

China. • Negative: Tina will not carry two bags. Nehal does not
drive a taxi in China. • Interrogative: Will Tina carry two bags?
Does Nehal drive a taxi in China?
• Affirmative: He has bought a camera. They went for a bicycle
ride. • Negative: He has not bought a camera. They did not go
for a bicycle ride. • Interrogative: Has he bought a camera? Did
they go for a bicycle ride?

He runs fast. He is running fast.
She wrote a letter. She was writing a letter.
They work in the field. They are working in the field.
Anu cooks food. Anu can cook food.
The above sentences state ‘YES’. They are affirmative or positive sentences.

a. Does the first group of sentences have auxiliary verbs?
b. Does the second group of sentences have auxiliary verbs?
Now say whether the following sentences have

auxiliary verbs or not: a. Yubraj can jump very high.
b. They painted a picture.
c. The girls have chopped some onions.
d. He will tell us a story.
e. She lost her pen.
f. His father may come here tomorrow.
g. They plant potatoes.
h. He plays basketball very well.
Grammar Help
Add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make negative and keep the
auxiliary verb before the subject to make interrogative.
sub + aux + verb + ………….… (affirmative) He was playing the
flute. sub + aux + not + verb + ……… (negative) He was not
playing the flute. aux + sub + verb + ……………? (interrogative)
Was he playing the flute?
Add ‘do not, did not, does not’ before the main verb to make negative
and ‘do, did, does’ before the subject to make interrogative.
sub + verb + ……………………...… (affirmative)
sub + do not /did not /does not + v1 ……… (negative)
do/did/does + sub + v1………….…? (interrogative)
v5 v1 v2 He sings songs. They sing songs. He sang songs. He
doesn’t sing songs. They don’t sing songs. He didn’t sing
songs. Does he sing songs? Do they sing songs? Did he sing
songs?
• If there is v1 (play), we use ‘do’, in case of v2 (played), we use ‘did’ and
‘does’ in case of v5 (plays).
• When we use ‘does’ or ‘did ’in the sentence, the verb changes to the first form.
She danced well. She did not dance well. Did she dance
well? She dances well. She does not dance well. Does she
dance well?

He ate some food. They have already gone
out. He did not eat any food. They have not
gone out yet. Did he eat any food? Have they
gone out yet?
I met several boys. They eat a lot of meat.

I didn’t meet any boys. They do not eat much
meat. What changes do you find in the above sentences?
Grammar Help
• Words like some, several, already, always, etc are changed while
transforming sentences. some - any already - yet
too - either several/a few - any
a lot of - much/many
He told us some stories. He didn’t tell us any
stories. She has already slept. She has not slept yet.
He eats a lot of rice. He does not eat much rice. He has
read several books. He has not read any books. My wife
will eat meat, too. My wife will not eat meat, either.
• Only changing these words, we can change the sentences into

negatives. We don’t need to take the help of ‘not’.
always – never
either…or... – neither….. nor...
some (beginning) – no
must – need not
some of/any of (beginning) – none of
Affirmative : He is always late for the class.

Negative : He is never late for the class.
Interrogative : Is he ever late for the class? (Yes/No question)
Affirmative : Somebody attacked on them.
Negative : Nobody attacked on them.
Interrogative : Did anybody attack on them? (Yes/No question)
Affirmative : Any of you can take the seat.
Negative : None of you can take the seat.
Interrogative : Can any of you take the seat? (Yes/No question)
Affirmative : Either Ali or Anu owns this shop.
Negative : Neither Ali nor Anu owns this shop.
Affirmative : You must speak to him.
Negative : You need not speak to him.

Practice
A. Change the following sentences:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative She reads a book.
She is reading a book.
She has read a book.
She has been reading a book.
She read a book.
She was reading a book.
She had read a book.
She had been reading a book.
She will read a book.
She will be reading a book.
She will have read a book.
She will have been reading a book.
B. Change the following sentences:

Affirmative Negative Interrogative He swims in the pool.
He is swimming in the pool.
He has swum in the pool.
He has been swimming in the pool.
He swam in the pool.
He was swimming in the pool.
He had swum in the pool.
He had been swimming in the pool.
He will swim in the pool.
He will be swimming in the pool.
He will have swum in the pool.
He will have been swimming in the pool.
Common Errors
Incorrect Correct
Does he cooks food? Does he cook food? She did not
wrote a letter. She did not write a letter? “Did he call
me?” “Yes, he do.” “Did he call me?” “Yes, he did.” He
does not eat some apples. He does not eat any apples. She
has not done his work already. She has not done his work
yet. He does not never smokes. He never smokes.
Riya has not write a letter. Riya has not written a letter. She
does not speaks Chinese. She does not speak Chinese. Do they
plays football? Do they play football? She likes apples but her
sister didn’t. She likes apples but her sister doesn’t. Did he
broke the vase? Did he break the vase? I can not solve it. I
cannot solve it.
Exercise
A. Change the following

sentences into negative: 1.
Shanti likes drawing.
2. A sound editor adds sound and
music to the film. 3. The radio
works very well.
4. Shambhu wanted to find out
about Anne Frank. 5. We listen to
the radio.
6. They took off their boots.
7. They opened the gates of the city.
8. Sony and Mona live in Dharan.
9. I have got some books of fairy tales.
10. Santosh has already
bought some books. 11.
She does a lot of yoga.
12. They were happy at first.
13. My father is a doctor.
14. They have received several letters.
15. Her mother works nights.
16. Riya lost her pen.
17. Sarita walks slowly.
18. Does she study in Grade VIII?
19. We will play the tournament.
20. You asked some questions.
21. She writes an interesting story.
22. I wrote her a long letter.
23. Mina was drinking juice.
24. They have been
sunbathing on the beach. 25.
My brother sold his car.
26. Her father lost his job in 2001.
27. They are planning for a picnic.
28. We cook food with electricity.
29. The garden is dirty.
30. Sophie broke the vase.
B. Change the following sentences

into interrogative: 1. Volta made the
first battery in 1800.
2. They have found an encyclopaedia.
3. The photography shows the great
beauty of Nepal. 4. They hid in one
small room for four years. 5. The
Greeks returned to their own land. 6.
The other soldiers got into the ship.
7. Archaeologists dig under the ground.
8. They were going down the mountain.
9. His gloves fell down.
10. He has already phoned his friends.
11. They bought a new house.
12. I can milk a cow.
13. They moved to London in 1998.
14. They are working in the field.
15. She’ll leave next week. Study these examples: He goes to school.
16. They help each other. 17.
He sang beautifully. 18. Anil Affirmative statement
told me a funny joke. 19. Positive statement He does not go to school. Does he
Ram will drive a car. 20. I am
taking leave today. 21. Negative statement go to school?
Someone hit her on the head.
22. Sunita swims well. Yes/no question affirmative
23. The students are running in the field. 29. He bought a book.
24. They work in a factory. 30. Kiran bought something yesterday.
25. I never worked in Kathmandu. 26.
They will come to school tomorrow. 27. Yes/no question negative Does he not go to school?
We have already finished the lesson. 28. Doesn’t he go to
They looked doubtful. school?
C. Change the following sentences into

affirmative statements: 1. Does reading help
people?
2. It does not look like a river.
3. Does the water go through a tunnel?
4. Do the children know all the English words?
5. I have not seen Mona since
yesterday morning. 6. Did you
watch the TV news last night?
7. Julie and Mona are not going to the park.
8. That night the Trojans did not set a guard.
9. Subodh did not write any letters.
10. I have not seen the newspaper this morning.
11. We don’t pay the worker much money.
12. Riya has not spoken to the Principal yet.
13. We cannot ride a bicycle.
14. Does it sound interesting?
15. Nehal is not going to Pokhara.
16. They do not go to a park on Sundays.
17. They will not sing a song.
18. She has not eaten an apple.
19. We are not going to the park.
20. I have not got a doll.
21. He doesn’t eat meat.
22. Does Linda want to go to Kathmandu?
23. I haven’t phoned the doctor yet.
24. He doesn’t read story books.
25. She cannot ride a bicycle.
26. Did his father help us?
27. Did he call the police?
28. Have you written a story?
D. Change the following sentences as
indicated in the brackets: 1. Did Icarus fly near
the sun? (affirmative statement) 2. They did not
jump from the cliff. (affirmative)
3. He plunged straight like a falling star.
(Yes/No question) 4. They have been playing
basketball for two hours. (negative) 5. Binod
comes here everyday. (Yes/No question)
6. Does she clean the room every morning?
(affirmative statement) 7. They are working on
computer. (Yes/No question) 8. Sunita is writing a
poem. (negative)
9. She must complete her work on time. (negative)
10. Either he or his brother will come here.
(negative) 11. Did they finish their work on
time? (affirmative statement) 12. He has not
visited Pokhara yet. (affirmative)
13. We will go there the next day. (negative)
14. They occasionally feed the poor.
(Yes/No question) 15. I opened the
door. (negative)
16. The police came to the school this
morning. (negative) 17. There are some
letters for you. (negative)
18. Do not shut the window. (affirmative)
19. He has done his homework. ( Yes/No question)
20. Someone stole my pen. (negative)
21. They played football yesterday. (negative)
22. You did not drink a glass of
lemonade. (affirmative) 23. Mina is
cooking mutton. (Yes/No question)
24. We study in the same class. (Yes/No question)
25. She has been cleaning the room. (negative)
26. The child slept an hour this
morning. (negative) 27. They will
come here. (Yes/No question)
28. Has she passed the final term
exam? (negative) 29. We will play
the musical instruments. (negative)
30. These apples are ripe.
(negative)
31. Jenny’s mother didn’t sleep all
night. (affirmative) 32. They took
part in the competition. (negative)
33. They are cooking food. (negative)
34. Salona laughed at him. (Yes/No question)
35. Rishu made some mistakes. (Yes/No question)
36. She will make me some tea. (negative)
37. They walked around the park. (Yes/No question)
38. These boys can run very fast. (negative)
39. They can speak English well. (Yes/No question)
40. They went jogging this morning. (negative)
41. We speak English at school. (negative)
42. They are not earning any money. (affirmative)
43. He received some postcards last week.
(Yes/No question) 44. She can eat a mango.
(Yes/No question)
45. Is there any news of Jeevan? (affirmative statement)
SECTION A
Tags 5 Grammar
1
.
F
o
r
m
Saniya is a tennis player, isn’t she?
It is a statement. It is a tag.
She is from India, isn’t she?

She is a Muslim, isn’t she?
She plays tennis very well, doesn’t she?

a. What are the tags in the above examples?
b. What separates the statements and the tags?
c. Does the tag start with a capital or small letter?
d. ‘Isn’t’ is the auxiliary of the tag in the first three sentences. What is
the auxiliary of the tag in the fourth sentence?

Mohan loves cricket, doesn’t he?
His favourite game is cricket, isn’t it?
He can play cricket very well, can’t he?
He watched cricket yesterday on TV, didn’t he?
Grammar Help
A tag question is a short question (aux+ sub +?). It is added to a
statement to turn it into a question. Here are some points on tag
questions:
• It is added to a statement after a comma (,).
• It starts with a small letter and ends with a question mark (?).
• It consists of an auxiliary verb and a pronoun.
• Always use the contracted forms of the auxiliaries.
• Do not use nouns; use pronouns as the subjects of the tag.
They play football, don’t they ?
COMMA AUX SUB QUESTION MARK
Riya can ride a bicycle, can’t she?

Riya can ride a bicycle, Can’t she?
Riya can ride a bicycle, can’t she. Riya can bicycle, can’t Riya?
ride a bicycle, cannot she? Riya can ride a Common errors
2. Positive and negative tags

Find the differences:
positive statement + negative tag

Saniya plays tennis, doesn’t she?
She is from India, isn’t she?
negative statement + positive tag

Saniya does not play Cricket, does she?
She is not from Pakistan, is she?
a. What differences do you find between these two groups
of the sentences? b. Is ‘Saniya plays tennis’ a positive or
negative sentence?
c. Do the positive sentences have negative tags?
d. What word makes the last two sentences negative?
Now choose the correct answers:

a. He wrote a letter,…………………………..? (did he, didn’t
he) b. He didn’t write a letter,……………………..? (did he,
didn’t he) c. You play cricket,…………………………….? (do
you, don’t you) d. You do not play cricket,
……………………..? (do you, don’t you) e. He can write a
letter,…………………………? (can he, can’t he) f. He cannot
write a letter,……………………..? (can he, can’t he)
Grammar Help
• A positive statement has a negative tag, and a negative statement
has a positive tag. Positive Statements + Negative Tags
Negative Statements + Positive Tags
It is cold today, isn’t it? It isn’t cold today, is it?
She eats meat, doesn’t she? She doesn’t eat meat, does she?
He is a chemist, isn’t he? He isn’t a chemist, is he?
They have gone out, haven’t they? They have not gone out, have they?
She can solve it, can’t she? She can’t solve it, can she?
• Sentences with the words like hardly, none, never, not, no, barely,
scarcely, seldom, neither, etc. are negative and they take
positive tags.
They hardly know each other, do they? Alan never smoked, did
he? Nobody can do it, can they? Binod was barely able to stand,
was he? Hema stayed here no longer, did she? She never plays
ludo, does she?
3. Auxiliary of the tag

She is a talented girl, isn’t she?
It has an auxiliary verb.

She plays tennis, doesn’t she?
It does not have an auxiliary verb.
It has a main verb (v5).
In the above sentences, one has an auxiliary verb and the other
has no auxiliary verb. Now answer these questions:
a. Does the first sentence have an auxiliary verb? What is it?
b. Does the second sentence have an auxiliary verb?
c. What is the form of the main verb in the second sentence?
Now say whether the following sentences have

auxiliary verbs or not: a. They will travel in a bus,
………………………...?
b. She has gone out,………………….?
c. He sang a song,…………………………?
d. Riya writes a poem,…………………………?
e. We did not eat breakfast this morning,……………………?
Grammar Help
To form a tag question, it is important to know whether a sentence has an
auxiliary verb or not. • If there is an auxiliary verb in the sentence, use the
same auxiliary as the auxiliary of the tag.
She is an intelligent girl, isn’t she?
They cannot do it, can they?
• If there is no auxiliary verb in a sentence, use ‘don’t (v1), doesn’t (v5),

didn’t (v2)’ as the auxiliary of the tag.
The boys go to school, don’t they? The boy goes to school,
doesn’t he? The boy went to school, didn’t he?
• Generally imperatives have the tags ‘will you’. In the case of ‘Let’s’, the
tag is ‘shall we’?. Come here, will you? Do not move, will you?
Let him go, will you? Have a seat, will you?
Let’s do it, shall we? Let’s go there, shall we?
Practice
Read the examples and add suitable auxiliary verbs to complete the
tags:
BE-VERBS
He is a student, isn’t he? She is a nurse,………..….she? He is
not a student, is he? She is not a nurse,…….……she? They are
students, aren’t they? They are nurses,…………..they? They
are not students, are they? They are not nurses,
…………..they? I am a student, aren’t I? I am a nurse,
…………I? I am not a student, am I? I am not a nurse,
…………I?
HAVE-VERBS
He has gone to school, hasn’t he? She has gone to hospital,
……….. she? He has not gone to school, has he? She has not gone
to hospital, …….… she? They have gone to school, haven’t they?
They have gone to hospital, …….….they? They have not gone to
school, have they? They have not gone to hospital, …….….they? They
had gone to school, hadn’t they? They had gone to hospital,
………..they? They had not gone to school, had they? They had not
gone to hospital, ….…….they?
DO-VERBS
He does not play football, does he? She does not play cricket,
………… she? They do not play football, do they? They do not
play cricket, ……….. they? He did not play football, did he? She
did not play cricket, ………… she?
MODAL-VERBS
He will read a book, won’t he? She will help a patient, ……….she?
He won’t read a book, will he? She won’t help a patient,
……….she? I shall help him, shan’t I? We shall play football,
…………we? I shan’t help him, shall I? We shan’t play football,
…………we? He can sing a song, can’t he? She can swim,
………..she? He can’t sing a song, can he? She can’t swim,
………..she? They may come, mayn’t they? She may sing a song,
………….. she? They may not come, may they? She may not sing a
song, ……….. she? He could pass the exam, couldn’t he? They
could write poems, …………..they? He couldn’t pass the exam,
could he? They couldn’t write poems, …………..they? He should
work hard, shouldn’t he? She should find a job, …………..she? He
shouldn’t work hard, should he? She shouldn’t find a job,
…………..she? He would help me, wouldn’t he? She would come
here, ………… she? He wouldn’t help me, would he? She wouldn’t
come here, ………… she?
SOME OTHER FORMS OF AUXILIARIES

He’s written a letter, hasn’t he? he? past time (-’s + v4 = was)
(-’s + v3 = has) They’re playing now, aren’t they?
He’s writing a letter now, isn’t he? present time (-’re + v4 = are)
present time (-’s + v4 = is) They’re playing yesterday, weren’t they?
He’s writing a letter yesterday, wasn’t past time (-’re + v4 = were)
He’d rather sing a song, wouldn’t he? playing football yesterday,…………..?
(-’d + rather = would) They’re cooking food now,……………….?
He’d play basketball, wouldn’t he? They’re playing football now, ……………..?
(-’d + v1 = would) They’re cooking food yesterday,………….?
He’d better dye his hair, hadn’t he? They’re playing football yesterday, ……..?
(-’d + better = had) He’d rather invite his friends,…………..?
He’d arrived there, hadn’t he? You’d rather take a taxi,…………………?
(-’d + v3 = had) He’d be angry,………………?
She’s cooked food,……………….? He’s They’d be late,……………….?
played football,………………..? She’s He’d better call the police,……………..?
cooking food now,……………….? He’s They’d better play cricket,
playing football now,………………..? She’s ………………….? He’d called the police,
cooking food yesterday,…………….? He’s ……………..? They’d played cricket,
………………..?
SENTENCES WITHOUT AUXILIARY VERBS

They go to school, don’t they? They go to hospital, …………they?
Present plural ………… she? Riya cooks food, doesn’t
verb (v1) she? Anita sings a song,…………… she?
Suman works in a bank, doesn’t he? He looks
at me, ………..he? His dog barks, doesn’t
present singular verb (v ) 5
it? Anu asks me a question,……… she? The
radio works well, doesn’t it? The concert
begins at 5 pm, ……..it? Rosy walks fast,
doesn’t she? She gives me a pen,………….
she? He went to school, didn’t he? She went
Past to hospital,………. she? She shut the door,
(v2) didn’t she? He put the book on the table,
They study in Grade VI, don’t they? They
…… he? You broke it, didn’t you? They
work in hospitals, ………they? The boys
came early, ……………. they? Atul painted
play games, don’t they? Farmers plough the
a picture, didn’t he? He did it very well,
field, ...... they? His friends work here, don’t
………… he? They blocked the door, didn’t
they? Dogs bark at night, ............ they?
they? She chopped it,…………….. she?
These apples look fresh, don’t they? These
Tina ran fast, didn’t she? Anu bought a toy,
things look awful, ………they? He goes to
………… she?
school, doesn’t he? She goes to hospital,
4. Subject of the tag

Saniya has travelled to many countries, hasn’t she?
NOUN
She has won many medals, hasn’t she?
PRONOUN
In the above sentences, one has a noun as the subject and the other has
a pronoun as the subject. A sentence may start with a noun or a
pronoun.

a. Does the first sentence start with a noun or a pronoun?
b. Does the second sentence start with a noun or a pronoun?
c. What is the subject of the tag in the first sentence? Is it a
noun or a pronoun? d. What is the subject of the tag in the
second sentence? Is it a noun or a pronoun?

a. The boys are clever, aren’t they?
b. He has gone out, hasn’t he?
c. They will go to Pokhara, won’t they?
d. Riya is a tall girl, isn’t she?
e. Ravi wrote a poem, didn’t he?
Grammar Help
• Only pronouns are used as the subject of the tag.
He can draw a picture, can’t he? Suman can sing a song, can’t
he? The boys are playing, aren’t they? Anita dances very
well, doesn’t Anita?
• Only nine pronouns are used as the subject of the tag questions:
1. I I am selected, aren’t I?
2. We We sing songs, don’t we?
3. You You’re from Janakpur, aren’t you?
4. He Ram is a good boy, isn’t he?
5. She Sita is a good girl, isn’t she?
6. It The book is useful, isn’t it?
7. They The boys are playing, aren’t they?
8. There There is a small cat in the garden, isn’t there?
9. One One likes to do it oneself, doesn’t one?
Practice
Read the examples and write suitable subjects in the
blank spaces: I’m invited, aren’t I? I’m tired,
aren’t……………..?
I we? You and I sit here, don’t………...?

You’re from Jhapa, aren’t you? You are good
WE at cooking, aren't….…? You and she can cook,
(We…..) can’t you? You and she will dance, won’t ….
….? You and he like fish, don’t you? You and
(……and I)
he play cricket, don’t…..?
You and they are OK, aren’t you? You and
YOU they can swim, can’t….? Mohan dances well,
(You…..) doesn’t he? Binod is a student,
(You and…) isn’t…………..? His father is a chemist, isn’t
he? His son is a student, isn’t…………? The
HE
boy went out, didn’t he? The policeman helped
(singular me, didn’t…..? Sita dances well, doesn’t she?
male)
Bina is a student, isn’t…………..? His mother
SHE is a nurse, isn’t she? His daughter is a student,
(singular isn’t……? The girl went out, didn’t she? The
female) woman helped me, didn’t…...? This is your
IT book, isn’t it? This sounds interesting,
(this/that) doesn’t…….? That is his house, isn’t it? That
(singular was his dress, wasn’t………? A pen is there,
thing/animal) (uncountable nouns) isn’t it? A map is there, isn’t…………..? A cat
(something, nothing, is a pet animal, isn’t it? A dog is a pet animal,
everything)
isn’t………? Ice melts, doesn’t it? Milk is
THEY good for health, isn’t ……? Something is
(these/those) (plural nouns) (somebody, nobody, there, isn’t it? Something is missing, isn’t.....
everybody, someone, …..? Everything was bought, wasn’t it?
no one, Everything is perfect, isn’t……….? Nothing
everyone) interests him, does it? Nothing is lost, is…..?
These are my books, aren’t they? These are
THERE good apples, aren’t……..? Those are parrots,
(There + verb) aren’t they? Those are cows,
aren't ..................? Somebody was there,
weren't they? Somebody has gone out,
ONE
haven't .....? Everyone is busy, aren't they?
(One + verb) Everybody likes it, do ................... ? Nobody
I’ve gone out, haven’t I? I’ve written a letter, wrote a poem, did they? Someone bought it ,
haven’t……….? We love cartoons, don’t we? didn't .............? Everybody is there, aren't
We help the needy, don’t ……….? He and I they? Nobody is there, are .......................?
will go out, won’t we? He and I can cook it,
can’t…….….? She and I danced a lot, didn’t Nobody has done it, have they? No one is
we? She and I wrote a poem, didn’t…..? They coming, are .....................? There is a book,
and I run fast, don’t we? They and I play isn’t there? There is some water,
cricket, don’t….…? You and I can do it, can’t
isn’t............... ? One can do it, can’t one? One can solve it,
can’t…………? One tries one’s best, doesn’t
There are two pens, aren’t there? There were
ten boys, weren’t .............? one? One should try it, shouldn’t…….?

Exercise
A. Add suitable tags to the following sentences:

1. Anne wrote a diary,……………………….?
2. Suman arranged a taxi for us,
…………………………..? 3. The war
ended in 1945,…………………………..?
4. We should watch good movies,…………………?
5. Books are cheaper than films,……………………..?
6. She looked at herself in the mirror,
………………………………..? 7. Books need
special equipment,………………………….? 8. They
never help each other,…………………………….? 9.
Come here,……………………..?
10. Let’s go to the cinema, ……………………..?
11. Politicians are very clever,………………………?
12. You can climb this tree, ……………………..?
13. One needs space to be oneself,……………………..?
14. Open the door, ……………………..?
15. Shadhana goes to temple everyday,
…………………….? 16. Pemba hasn’t got
a mobile phone, ……………………..? 17.
Peter lives in Scotland,
……………………..?
18. Sudhir received a lot of postcards last week,
…………………………..? 19. Please bring that pen,
……………………..?
20. Don’t make a noise, ……………………..?
21. Everything is all right, ……………………..?
22. Give me your pen, ………………………..?
23. The park is located opposite the hospital,
……………………….? 24. Have a cup of tea,
……………………..?
25. Binod didn’t sing a song, ……………………..?
26. Kunal hasn’t done the work yet,
………………………..? 27. He types 40
words a minute, ………………………..?
28. Ravi will help me, ………………………..?
29. He’s now reading a book, ……………………..?
30. His mother has gone out, ………………………..?
31. You didn’t attend a party yesterday,
……………………..? 32. You’d better buy a
new dress,…………………….?
33. One has to ask oneself what the purpose of the exercise
is,………………? 34. She never works well,
……………………..?
35. Anita ran very fast, …………………….?
36. His daughter sang well, ……………………..?
37. Sony seldom does the homework,
……………………..? 38. She took the
children to the zoo, ……………………..?
39. Tina was fishing all the day,
……………………..?
40. Pushpa won’t be late, ……………………..?
41. Anjali wrote a story, ………………………..?
42. ‘Balloon over Nepal’ is a documentary film,
………………………………?
B. Add suitable tags to the following sentences:
1. Lumbini is 136 km far from Chitwan,
…………………………….? 2. Tilaurakot is a lovely
place,………………………….?
3. Ajay saw the house,………………………….?
4. His sister is studying at an ordinary school,
……………………? 5. A hearing aid is meant for
the deaf,……………………? 6. The light
suddenly went out,…………………………….? 7.
Rita’s speech is now perfect,
…………………………..?
8. His uncle is an engineer, ………………………..?
9. I am very stupid, ……………………..?
10. She could barely break it, ……………………..?
11. Sunita has done her homework,
………………………..? 12. Mina has
forgotten my name, ……………………..?
13. His mother has got a car, ………………………..?
14. She is going to Kathmandu, ………………………..?
15. Linda is too young, ……………………..?
16. She is working now, ………………………..?
17. Nitu looked at him in amazement,
……………………..? 18. She’d better
clean the room, ...............?
19. Let’s work hard, ……………………..?
20. I didn’t bring enough money, ………………………..?
21. Mohan looks sad today, ……………………..?
22. One should never criticize if one is not sure of one’s
facts,……………….? 23. That food is horrible,
………………………..?
24. We can swim, ……………………..?
25. Tomorrow is Saturday, ……………………..?
26. Keep it there, ……………………..?
27. We are going to a picnic, ……………………..?
28. There is a boy in the room, ……………………..?
29. We shall go there tomorrow, ……………………..?
30. You are going to swim, ………………………..?
31. Collect some firewood, ………………………?
32. Do not waste your time,……………………..?
33. There’s a story book on the shelf,
………………………..? 34. You look tired
today, ……………………..?
35. There’s a lot of noise outside, ………………………..?
36. The dresses are dirty, ………………………..?
37. These bottles contain orange juice,
……………………..? 38. Sita’s father
works in a bank, ……………………..?
39. He will bring a guitar, ………………………..?
40. Shreya can’t walk well, ……………………..?
41. The unit of electric force is named after Volta,
……………………………? 42. Volta was an Italian
professor,…………………………?

C. Add suitable tags to the following sentences:
1. Anne was a Jewish school-girl,
………………………………….? 2. The comic strips tell a
story in a series of pictures,………………………? 3. The
boy looked funny in this dress,……………………….? 4. The
opening ceremony will be held next week,
……………………………? 5. Rita was not an active baby,
…………………………….? 6. The bedside light isn’t
working,…………………………..? 7. They meet every
evening,……………………….?
8. There is no water in my bathroom,……………………?
9. Dil took medicine for epilepsy for more than three years,
……………….? 10. I’m a little late, ……………………..?
11. She’s going to market now, ……………………..?
12. There’s a cat in the garden, ……………………..?
13. One cannot choose freedom for oneself without choosing it
for others,………..? 14. His mother teaches us English,
……………………..?
15. You’re the monitor of the class, ………………………..?
16. Somebody wrote a poem, ……………………..?
17. You’ve not done it yet, ………………………..?
18. Let us go there, ……………………..?
19. Please shut the door, ……………………..?
20. Your brother is in the group, ……………………..?
21. Your exam is quite at hand, ……………………..?
22. They arrived here yesterday, ……………………..?
23. The bus stop is far from here, ……………………..?
24. I’m not so fast as you, ……………………..?
25. Let’s go to the zoo, ……………………..?
26. The meeting started at eight o’clock,
………………………..? 27. Ravi listened to the
words, ……………………..?
28. She looks clean and tidy, ……………………..?
29. Read the book, ……………………..?
30. Rohan never tells a lie, ……………………..?
31. They danced in the party, ……………………..?
32. The movie was very long, ………………………..?
33. You don’t know Mr. Rai, ………………………..?
34. One tries one’s best,……………………..?
35. Keep your garden clean,……………………….?
36. They didn’t win the match, ……………………..?
37. They don’t eat fish, ……………………..?
38. Children play games here, ……………………..?
39. The boys were in the park, ………………………..?
40. They will stay here, ……………………..?
41. She will wait for you at the bus stop ,
……………………..? 42. Jhimruk Power Station lies in
Pyuthan, ………………………………..?
D. Add suitable tags to the following sentences:
1. The balloonists are back in Kathmandu,
………………………..? 2. Jam is made from fruit and
sugar,……………………………? 3. Jyoti wanted to know
about electricity,………………………..? 4. The balloon is
above Jhimruk Power Station,………………………..? 5.
The people came out of the city of Troy,
………………………………? 6. You’d better go,
……………………..?
7. Put it on the shelf above, ……………………..?
8. They are not doing anything, ………………………..?
9. Bina comes from Dharan, ………………………..?
10. The film wasn’t exciting, ……………………..?
11. The girls didn’t dance, ……………………..?
12. The meeting’s tomorrow at 9 am,
………………………..? 13. Students should
study hard, ……………………..?
14. There is some milk in the refrigerator,
………………………..? 15. You’ve got a
beautiful dress, ……………………..?
16. The house belongs to Sohan, ………………………..?
17. That’s a beautiful picture, ………………………..?
18. These things looked terrible, ………………………..?
19. The bus will stop here, ……………………..?
20. You don’t like cherries, ………………………..?
21. The dog is in the kennel, ………………………..?
22. The farmer owned the cattle, ……………………..?
23. Jane lives near you, ……………………..?
24. There’s a big pond in front of the temple,
……………………..? 25. Kunal will drive a car,
………………………..?
26. Let him read the letter, ……………………..?
27. They won’t come here on time, ……………………..?
28. You haven’t got a book, ………………………..?
29. Put your books on the table, ……………………..?
30. The police didn’t arrive in time, ……………………..?
31. You know the answer, ……………………..?
32. Sarah can’t come today, ……………………..?
33. That’s not really difficult, ………………………..?
34. They passed the examination, ……………………..?
35. Susan can bring some food, ………………………..?
36. That party was fantastic, ………………………..?
37. The baby looked almost like a doll,
……………………..? 38. That’s amazing,
……………………..?
39. The wooden horse was hollow,
……………………………….? 40. The best soldiers hid in
the horse,……………………..? 41. Two active monasteries
face the Sacred Garden,………………………….? 42. The
Sherpas were waiting for them,
……………………………….?
SECTION A
WH Questions 6 Grammar
1. Form
Study
these
exam
ples:
Who is he? Alan.
What is he? A student.
Where is he from? America.
When was he born? In 2001.
What is he doing? Reading.
How many books has he got? A lot of.
a. What are the WH words in the above sentences?
b. What word comes after each WH word?
c. What are the subjects in the above sentences?
Now underline the auxiliary verbs and the subjects in the
following sentences: a. Where are you going?
b. When did she buy that dress?
c. How many members are there in your Grammar Help
family? d. What do you like to do in the
WH questions are interrogative
evening? e. How do you prepare this meal?
sentences.
f. Who will do this work?
WH words form questions that help to find out more information

about topics. The general structure of WH questions is as follows:
WH + auxiliary + subject + main verb +..........?
• The auxiliary verb comes between the WH

word and the subject. • A question mark is
placed after each direct question.
• Use the same auxiliary of the sentence to form a question.
• If there is no auxiliary verb in the sentence, use ‘do, did, does’ as

the auxiliary verb. In case of ‘did/does’, the form of the verb
changes to the first form.
She can play the flute.
What can she play?
subject main verb
auxiliary She plays the flute. WH auxiliary subject main verb
What does she play?

subject main verb (v5) WH auxiliary subject main verb (v1)
2. WH words
WH Examples
People subjective case.) Whom

Who (It is used for a person in the
(It is used for a person in the objective case.) Whose
(It is used for a person in the Whom did you meet Whose diary is this?
possessive case.) yesterday? Whom will they Whose pen are you using?
invite? Whose father is a doctor?
Who painted this picture? Who
will come with us? Who has Whom have you scolded?
gone out? Where do you live?
Manner When were you born?
Places Where Time When When does Riya come here? When do you
get up in the morning? When have you done
it?
How
How does she speak English? How do
they go to school?
Where did you buy it? How did she talk in the classroom?
Where will you wait for me?
Object/Idea/Action WhatWhat did he eat yesterday?

What did he do yesterday?
What did he think about the programme?
Price, amount (non
count) How much How much money has he got?
How much milk can you drink?
Quantity (count)
How many How many books are
there?
How
many
students
are there?
Duration
How long How long does it take?
How long did he stay here?
Frequency
How oftenHow often do you visit a park?
How often did she meet her friend?
How often does she wash her hair?
Distance
How farHow far is your house from here?
How far is Rajbiraj from Lahan?
How far did you walk on foot?
Description Choice of
What kind (of) What type (of)
What flavour
What kind dress does he wear?
What type of film do you like
to watch? What flavour ice-
cream do you like?
Which book do you want to
read?
alternatives Which one did he buy?
Which (one)
Which tie do you like, red or blue one?

Exercise
A. Insert suitable WH words in

the blank spaces: 1. A:
………………old are you?
B: I’m twelve years old.
A: ……………….are you from?
B: I’m from Biratnagar.
A: …………is your name?
B: My name is Arun Sahani.
2. A: ………………are you doing?

B: I’m playing football.
A: ……………….have
you been playing? B:
For two hours.
A: …………did you start playing?
B: I started playing two hours ago.
3. A: …………….was she
weeping yesterday? B:
Because she failed the term
exam.
A: ……………….did the
result come out? B: It
came out two days ago.
A: ………………students
passed the exam? B:
Sixteen.
A:
……………….students
failed the exam? B: Only
two.
4. A: …………….is your
home from here? B: It’s
two kilometres from here.
A: ……………….do you come to
school everyday? B: By bus. I
sometimes walk.
A: ………………often do you walk?
B: Once a week, on Friday.
A: ……………….kind of dress
are you wearing? B: It’s cotton.
It’s my uniform.
5. A: …………….did you meet her?

B: Two weeks ago.
A: ………………. did you meet her?
B: At the bus stop.
A: ………………was she doing?
B: She was waiting for a bus.
A: ……………….kind of dress
was she wearing? B: She was
wearing a blue sari.
B. Read the responses and insert suitable WH words in the blank spaces:
1. ………………….….. took part in the ‘English in Action’

competition? (Who, What) Shambhu and Shanti took part in the
competition.
2. ………………….….. does LWF stand for? (Who, What)
LWF stands for ‘Living World Films’.
3. ……………………….is Ram Pd. Dhakal? (Who, What)
He is the managing director of the Living World Films.
4. ……………..….….did Shambhu feel when he heard the
news? (Who, How) Shambhu felt excited, frightened, and
happy at the same time.
5. ………………..…..does a hot-air balloon fly? (How, What)
A hot-air balloon flies with the pressure of hot air that pulls
the balloon higher. 6. …………….………is Jyoti? (Who, What)
She is the other prize winner from Amar Singh
Blind Unit in Pokhara. 7. ………………....was Daedalus
punished? (Who, Why)
Daedalus was punished because he was very proud and boastful.
8. ……………..……was Icarus? (Who, Why)
Icarus was the son of Daedalus.
9. ……………..…….did Daedalus use to make the
wings? (What, How) Daedalus used thread, wax,
feathers, etc to make the wings.
10. ………………..…..warnings did Daedalus give to
Icarus? (What, How) Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly
too near the sea and too near the sun. 11. ……………do
you mean by a sanctuary? (What, How)
A sanctuary is a place where animals can’t be killed.
12. ……….……… was Marco Polo so famous? ( Why, Who)
Marco Polo was so famous because he was the first
European trader to visit Asia. 13. …………..……..was Kublai
Khan?(What, Who)
Kublai Khan was the emperor of China.
14. …………..……was Rusticello? (What, Who)
Rusticello was Marco’s friend.
15. ……….……….were people so afraid of Genghis Khan?
(Why, When) People were afraid of Genghis Khan because he
burned and looted villages. 16. ………..….was Genghis
Khan? (Who, Whom)
Genghis Khan was the grandfather of Kublai Khan.
17. …………………was Janaki Mandir built? (When, What)
Janaki Mandir was built in 1911.
18. …………………… does the walk around the city take
place? (When, What) The walk around the city takes place
in March every year.
19. ………….……did Shambhu fly over the Koshi
Barrage? (Where,when) Shambhu flew over the
Koshi Barrage on March 17.
20. …………….. is a diary? (What, Who)
A diary is a book for a personal record of events.
21. …………………….was Ellen? (Who, Whom)
Ellen was a blind girl.
22. ……………….…. was Callum? (What, Who)
Callum was Ellen’s brother, who was in the army.
23. ………………..……was Stewart? (How, Who)
Stewart was the commander in the army.
24. ……..……… did Ellen take care of? (What, How)
Ellen took care of her father’s goats.
25. ………..……. did Stewart thank Ellen? (Why, How)
Stewart thanked Ellen because she helped them to
defeat the English. 26. …………..was the path to the top
of the mountain? (What, How) It was steep and
slippery.
27. …………………. was Ellen able to climb in the
dark? (Why, What) Ellen was able to climb in the dark
because she was blind.
28. ………………..couldn’t Iswor breathe? (What, Why)
Iswor couldn’t breathe because he had altitude sickness.
29. ……….... bring their yaks to graze in the
valley? (What,Who) Sherpas people bring their
yaks to graze in the valley
30. …………….……..times is Australia bigger than Nepal?
(How many, What) Australia is 55 times bigger than
Nepal.
31. …………………is Australia’s main export? (How, What)
Australia’s main export is wool.
32. …………….. state is very important for sheep
farming? (Which, What) Victoria is very important
for sheep farming.
33. ……………..…….is Ayers Rock? (What, Where)
It is in the Northern territory of Australia.
34. ……………….. is Ayers Rock famous? (What, Why)
It is famous because it is the biggest piece of rock in the world.
35. ……………….do many tourists go to Queensland? (Why,
How) Many tourists go to Queensland to see kangaroos,
koalas, amazing fish, etc. 36. ……………………did James
Cook land in Botany Bay? (How, When) James Cook landed
in Botany Bay in 1770.
37. ……… prisoners did the British government send to Australia?
(What, How many) The British government sent 750 prisoners and
250 guards to Australia. 38. ……………..…….. did people discover
gold? (When, How many) People discovered gold in 1851.
39. ……………....…..did the three men and all the camels
die? (Why, What) The three men and all the camels
died because of hunger.
40. ……………….. had King walked when he reached Melbourne?
(Why, How long) King had walked 4800 km when he reached
Melbourne.
41. …………………… helped King at
Melbourne? (Who, How) Aborigine people
helped King at Melbourne.
42. ………………………. do Koalas live? (Where, How)
Koalas live only on eucalyptus trees.
43. ………………….. is Australia’s national bird? (What, Why)
The emu is Australia’s national bird.
44. ……………….did the poet use to do as a
boy? (Why, What) The poet used to make
paper boats as a boy.
45. ………………. did he write on his boats? (Why, What)
He wrote his name and address on his boats.
46. ………………………..did the poet load his boats
with? (How, What) He loaded his boats with shiuli
flowers.
47. …………..………..language did the three men use?
(How many, Which) The three men used the English
language.
48. ….………….…was stolen? (How, What)
One of the oldest statues of Muktinath was stolen.
49. ……………….….was in the purple rucksack on the first
evening? (Why, What) There was nothing in the purple
rucksack on the first evening.
50. ……………….….was in the purple rucksack on the second
evening? (What, Why) There was the stolen statue in the purple
rucksack on the second evening. 51. …………….……….caused the
three men to get arrested? (Who, Which) Shambhu and Chankhay
caused the three men to get arrested.
52. …………………..were the climbers worried
about? (Why, What) The climbers were
worried about the weather.
53. ……………….climbers were in Herzog’s group? (How
many, How far) There were thirteen climbers in Herzog’s
group- eight Nepali and five French. 54. ……………..camps did
they make? (How, How many)
They made four camps.
55. ………………. did they cut the ice to make a small flat
space? (Why, Where) They cut the ice to make a small flat
space at Camp 5.
56. ………………….is Lumbini from Chitwan?
(How far, Why) Lumbini is 136 km far
from Chitwan.
57. …………………. was Lord Buddha born? (When, What)
Lord Buddha was born around 536 BC.
58. …………………. discovered the remains of the tall
pillar? (Which, Who) A German archaeologist discovered
the remains of the tall pillar.
59. ……………………does the carved pillar say? (What, Why)
It says that Lumbini was the birthplace of Buddha.
60. …………………. was the Maya Devi temple
built? (Which, When) The Maya Devi temple was
built in the third century BC.
61. …………………….. was Helen? (Who, What)
Helen was the wife of King Menelaus.
62. ………………..did the Greeks make the wooden
horse? (What, Why) They made the wooden horse
to trick the Troy.
63. ……………..does Jhimruk Power Station
lie? (Where, What) Jhimruk Power Station
lies in Pyuthan district.
64. ……………wrote the letter to the manager of Jhimruk Power
Station? (Why, Who) Iswor Shrestha wrote the letter to the manager
of Jhimruk Power Station. 65. ………………was Anne? (Who,
How)
Anne was a Jewish girl who had written an amazing diary.
66. ……………….. did the Second World War
end? (When, How) It ended in 1945.
67. …………………was Allesandro Volta? (What, Who)
Allesandro Volta was an Italian professor who made the
first battery. 68. …………………….was the unit of electric force
named? (What, After whom) It was named after Volta.
69. ………………….. did Anne write which we can still
read? (What, When) Anne wrote a diary which we can
still read.
70. ………..did Volta make the first battery? (When, How)
Volta made the first battery in 1800.
71. ……………….materials did he use to make his
battery? (What, How) He used metals, copper, zinc,
cardboard, salt water, etc.
72. …………….. did Kumari read about in a small
book? (What, Where) She read about ‘Chhare Rog’
in a small book.
73. …………………….did Dil take medicine?
(How long, How far) Dil took medicine for
more than three years.
74. ................................ do you mean by features films? (How, What)
Features films are those films that are made for entertainment by
using actors and sets. 75. .................................. do you mean by
documentary films? (When, What) Documentary films are made to
give true information about real places and people. 76.
..................................... film is ‘Balloon over Nepal’? (What, What
type of) It is a documentary film.
77. ....................... is this film about? (How, What)
This film is about a hot-air balloon journey to the
famous places of Nepal. 78. ……………has written the
poem ‘If Pigs Could Fly’? (How, Who) It has been written
by James Reeves.
79. .................... two rivers would the poet see? (What, When)
The poet would see the Ganges and the Nile.
80. .................... do cowbells ring? (Where, What)
Cowbells ring in Austria.
C. Read the answer and fill in correct WH words:
1. ……………. bought this dress? Anushka bought it. 2. …………….
is Anu absent? Because she is sick. 3. ……………. did they go to
Pokhara? They went to Pokhara by plane. 4. ……………. will you buy
this card? I will buy it at Lion Gift Gallery. 5. ……………. does she
speak? She speaks very slowly. 6. ……………. one do you like? Red
one with white buttons. 7. ……………. much milk can you drink? I
can drink a lot of milk. 8. ……………. did you meet yesterday? I met
Kabir yesterday. 9. ………......… kind of camera has she got? She has
got an automatic camera. 10. ……………. house did he buy? He
bought Kiran’s house. 11. ……………. is your best fruit, oranges or
apples? Apples.
12. ……………. did you buy yesterday? Some books. 13.
……………. do you come from? I come from Lahan. 14.
……………. wrote this poem? Anuj Shrestha . 15. …………….
many apples did you eat? I ate two apples. 16. ……………. can
you bring for me? I can bring a watch for you. 17. …………….
can solve this riddle? Suman can solve it. 18. ……………. did
you go to? I went to the library. 19. ……………. is Milan sad? He
has failed the exam. 20. ……………. much water is there in the
bottle? There is one litre of water. 21. ……………. will he invite?
Anu and her friends. 22. ……………. often do you play
basketball? I never play basketball. 23. ……………. did you buy a
new car? I bought it yesterday. 24. ……………. many books do
you have? I have twenty books. 25. ……………. book is this?
This is Riya’s book. 26. ……………. painted this beautiful
picture? Pushkar painted it . 27. ……………. often do you visit a
zoo? Once a month. 28. ……………. far is it from here? Ten
kilometres. 29. ……………. kind of dress do you like? Blue one.
30. ……………. car is he driving? He is driving Gita’s car. 31.
……………. will he come here? He will come here next week. 32.
……………. pen is this? This is Nina’s pen. 33. ……………. many
girls are there in your class? There are fifteen girls. 34.
……………. will he say? He will say, “Good Bye!” 35.
……………. did you see the doctor? Because I was ill.
D. Change the following sentences
into WH questions: 1. Bobby did not
drink orange juice. (What)
2. Aryan went back to the library. (Where)
3. Naina met her friends at the
airport. (Where) 4. They never
play basketball. (How often)
5. They will attend a wedding ceremony
tonight. (What) 6. Tina bought some
interesting pictures yesterday. (What) 7.
Sabin will give me two umbrellas. (How
many) 8. Reema washes her hair every
week. (How often) 9. There are twenty
students in my class. (How many) 10. They
always get up early in the morning. (Who)
11. He will not go to school tomorrow.
(When) 12. Hem takes a bath every day.
(How often)
13. You ate a big cake. (What)
14. Mona has kept her umbrella under
the chair. (Where) 15. Priyanka is
watering the plant. (What)
16. I saw that movie in a big cinema. (What)
17. She wrote a poem on street
children. (What) 18. He came
here at 2 o’clock. (When)
19. Jenny studies in Grade VIII. (What class)
20. Milan has written two
letters. (How many) 21. Raju
is going to meet his friend.
(Whom)
22. Riya goes to school at 9:30. (When)
23. Riya’s father has six houses in
Kathmandu. (How many) 24. Anu will visit
her aunt next week. (When) 25. I bought a
shirt at a supermarket. (What)
26. Goma has closed the door. (What)
27. He was born in 1997. (When)
28. Bindiya bought a beautiful dress. (What)
29. She has gone to the park. (Where)
30. Arjun can speak three
languages. (How many) 31.
Linda sometimes plays
basketball. (What) 32. Suresh
works in a bank. (Where)
33. Archi often goes to school by bus.
(How) 34. Suman came to the party with
his sister. (With whom) 35. The boys have
found a wallet in the street. (What) 36.
There are six members in my family.
(How many) 37. Sony was absent
yesterday because she was sick. (Why) 38.
They do their homework at night. (When)
39. They are coming here tomorrow.
(When)
40. Sonam found her book in the garden. (Where)
SECTION A
Agreement 7Grammar
1. Singular and plural
An elephant is huge. Elephants are huge.

An elephant has a trunk. Elephants have trunks.
A girl wears a skirt. Girls wear skirts.
A boy does not wear a skirt. Boys do not wear skirts.
A dog was in the park. Some dogs were in the park.
Each student has a book. All the students have books.
In the above examples, the subjects ‘an elephant, a girl, a boy, a dog,
etc’ come with ‘is, has, does, wears, was, etc’. Whereas, the subjects
‘elephants, girls, boys, dogs, etc’ come with ‘are, have, do, wear,
were, etc’.

a. What differences do you find between these two
groups of sentences? b. What are the singular subjects
in the above sentences?
c. What are the plural subjects in the above sentences?
d. What are the singular verbs in the above sentences?
e. What are the plural verbs in the above sentences?
Grammar Help
Singular and plural verbs can be easily recognized as they
have only a few forms: • Singular verbs:
is/was/has/does/v5 (v-s/es − goes)
• Plural verbs: are/were/have/do/v1 (go)

You may have a problem to separate the subjects that stand for one
(singular) and the subjects that stand for more than one (plural).
Say whether the following subjects stand for one or more than one.
One of his brothers…… Either of his friends……..

Police…….. Cattle…… Two plus two…….. Sixty miles………..
Slow and steady……… Politics……… The juice in these
packets……. He as well as his friends…… Somebody….. All the
water………..
Bread and butter………
Sad news……. Two-thirds of water
2. Rules of agreement
1. The main rule of agreement is:
• Singular subjects (he, she, it, a boy, milk, etc.) agree with
).
singular verbs (is, was, has, does, v5 • Plural subjects (they, we,
you, boys, people, etc.) agree with plural verbs (are, were, have,
do, v1).
Singular Subject + Singular Verb Plural Subject + Plural Verb
A book is useful for us. A monkey
eats bananas. A cow gives milk.
There is a parrot.
A monkey has a tail.
A parrot is a bird.
He sings a song.
She writes a letter.
His brother studies in Grade VI. Ice melts.
Books are useful for us. Monkeys
eat bananas.
Cows give milk.
There are some parrots.
Monkeys have tails.
Parrots are birds.
They sing songs.
We write letters.
His brothers study in Grade VI. All the
boys swim very well.
2. Here are some singular subjects (that
stand for one): singular nouns a boy,
his son, Milk, etc
nouns uncountable nouns ending with -s etc

certain amount, distance and rupees, miles, minutes, yards,
news, physics, measles, politics,
measurement kilometres, dollars, meters, kilos,
athletics, alms, civics, comics,
etc.
uncountable nouns comprising of economics, ethics, innings,
several items luggage, baggage, furniture, mathematics, etc.
equipment, apparatus, machinery,
pronouns Swimming,…. To read, To walk, To swim,……

singular pronouns He, She, It, This, That. Somebody,
gerund or to-infinitive as the subject Reading, Walking,
Nobody, Someone, Everybody,
indefinite pronouns Something, Nothing, Everything, etc.
determiners Neither of the boys,…..

each, every + singular noun Each boy, Every book,…. this, that This book, That bench,… many a/ more than
one of/each of/either of/neither of One of the books, one More than one bench was broken. the number of +
plural noun The number of boys in this class is forty
Now read these examples:

A boy is standing there. Reading books gives us knowledge. His last
novel was best of all. Ten thousand rupees is enough for me. All the
furniture is very nice. Physics is a difficult subject. To smoke is
injurious to health. Somebody was beating at the door. Every flat has
its own bathroom. This machine only accepts coins. This is a new dress
for your brother. Each class is 40 minutes in length. Either of the boys
is willing to do this work. The number of girls in that room is ten
3.Here are some plural subjects (that stand for more
than one): plural nouns These boys, His sons,
Ravi and Mona,..
nouns These are some irregular plural words. clothes, wages, thanks, stairs,
They look like singular but they are police, people, cattle, gentry, spectacles, etc.
plural words. public, vermin, poultry, etc. media, bacteria, fungi, cacti, data
pants, shorts, trousers, scissors, feet, teeth, mice, lice, children, men,
These plural words always mean two
tongs, forceps, intestines, goods, etc.
or more than two
pronouns plural pronouns We, You, They, These, Those,…..
many/both/several/a few + plural
nouns Many boys, A few cows, Several students,…
determiners than two More than two students a number of A number

these/ those These books, Those benches,…. many/more of boys
These boys are very quarrelsome. Anu and Ali work very
hard. Police advise her stay at home. The cattle are
grazing in the field. His trousers are very nice. My
spectacles are broken. Three children were sitting there.
These data are incorrect. They do not live here. Those
students have gone out. A few dogs are barking in the
street. These books are useful for me.
4. Two singular subjects connected by ‘or, either.....or, neither....nor’
require a singular verb. Ravi or Mohan goes to a park every
Saturday.
Neither Sony nor Mina has gone out.
A goat or a sheep is in the pen.
Neither a goat nor a hen is there.
Either Hari or Kiran is good at painting.
5. When a singular and plural subject are connected by ‘or,

either....or, or neither..... nor ’, put the plural subject last and
use a plural verb.
Neither Mina nor her friends were busy last week.
The book or the magazines are on the shelf.
Neither a nurse nor any doctors have come in this ward.
Either the teacher or the students have cleaned this place.
6. When two pronouns are connected by ‘or, either....or, or
neither.....nor ’, choose the verb according the number of its
nearest pronoun.
Either he or I have to go to Pokhara.
Neither you or she is in the list of prize winners.
7. As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects
when they are connected by ‘and’ when they refer to two or
more than two persons. A car and a bike are my means of
transportation.
Father and son have completed the work.
The writer and the editor were talking to each other. (Two people)
• If the subjects with ‘and’ refer to only one person or single
idea, use a singular verb. Bread and butter is a good breakfast.
Truth and honesty is a good virtue.
Slow and steady wins the race.
The writer and editor was talking to each other. (Only one person who holds
both the posts.) 8. Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by
the words such as 'along with, as well as, besides, of, in, not, etc’,
ignore these expressions while determining whether to use a
singular or plural verb.
The teacher, along with his students, is in the park.
He as well as his friends is very clever.
The apples in this basket are rotten.
The tea in these cups has less sugar.
9. A sentence starting with ‘Here/There’ has the
agreement as follows: There/Here + singular verb + singular
noun There/Here + plural verb + plural noun
There is a dog in the garden. There are two dogs in the garden.
Here is a book. Here are some books.
10. The subjects with the following determiners agree with singular
verbs if they come with uncountable and singular countable
nouns. They agree with plural verbs if these determiners come
with plural countable nouns.
all, some, most of, a lot of, half of, a quarter of, two
thirds of, a good deal of, rest of, some of, none of, etc
More than ten girls have drunk milk. More than one girl has drunk milk.
All the dolls were kept in the shelf. All the milk was spilt over. Some boys
do not live with their parents. Some sugar was added in his tea. Most of
the notebooks have been checked. Most of the money has been spent.
Half of the books contain good poems. Half of the book contains good
poems. Two thirds of the boys were singing. Two thirds of work was
completed.
Agreement in different types of sentences

• Agreement in assertive sentences/statements:
Main verbs:
She likes cherries. They like cherries.
A cow eats grass. Cows eat grass.
Gita does not cook food. Gita and Mona do not cook food.
Be-verbs:
A dog is a good pet. Dogs are good pets.
A dog isn’t in the garden. Three dogs are not in the garden.
A dog was in the hall. Three dogs were in the hall.
Have-verbs:
He has written a letter. They have written some letters.
She has not done the work. They have not done the work.
Anu has cooked food. Anu and Riya have cooked food.
Modal-verbs:
I can sing a song. They can sing a song.
She will play basketball. They will play basketball.
• Agreement in interrogative sentences:
Main verbs:
Does he like oranges? Did they play football?
Where do they study? When does he cook food?
Be-verbs:
Is he working in a factory? Are they dancing?
Was she singing? Were the boys making a noise?
What are they doing? Why is she weeping?
Have-verbs:
Has he written a letter? Have they written any letters?
What has she cooked? What have the boys done?
Modal-verbs:
Can he sing a song? Will they come here?
Why will you go there?
• Agreement in the imperative sentences:

Let him sing a song. Let them sing a song.
Do not make a noise. Let’s go there.
• Agreement in the optative sentences:

May you live long! May God bless you!
May you pass your exam! May you defeat your rivals!
• Agreement in the exclamatory sentences:

What a beautiful girl she is! How nice they are!
How clever they are! What nice cameras they are!
Common Errors
Do he play football? Does he play football? The number of
dolls in this bag are 10. The number of dolls in this bag is 10.
Riya's books is interesting. Riya's books are interesting. How
often does they come? How often do they come? Somebody
have written it. Somebody has written it. The news are not
good. The news is not good. May he passed the exam! May he
pass the exam! Here come the manager! Here comes the
manager! Ten kilos of rice are enough for us. Ten kilos of rice
is enough for us. Twenty kilometers are a long distance.
Twenty kilometers is a long distance. Neither Riya nor her
friends is here. Neither Riya nor her friends are here. Each of
his books are expensive. Each of his books is expensive. He as
well as his friends have gone out. He as well as his friends has
gone out. Was there a lot of books? Were there a lot of books?
The condition of these boys are good. The condition of these
boys is good. Half of the apples is rotten. Half of the apples are
rotten.
Exercise
A. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct words
from the brackets: 1. Film making ……… one of the world’s
biggest industries. (is, are) 2. Feature films ………. for
entertainment. (is, are)
3. A sound editor ………… sound and music to the
film. (add, adds) 4. There ………. a conflict between
films and books. (is, are)
5. Reading stories ………..…. us to use our own imagination.
(encourage, encourages) 6. Landslides frequently …………in July
and August. (occur, occurs) 7. Nepal ………….. one of the less
developed countries. (is, are) 8. Many of his friends …………. tired.
(was, were)
9. There ………… no hot water. (is, are)
10. My father…………..in a factory. (work, works)
11. I………..feeling a bit depressed. (am, is, are)
12. Why…………everyone asking me the same
question? (is, are) 13. Her sister or her brother
…………in Grade VI. (study, studies) 14. Either
a dog or a cat ………… in the park. (was, were)
15. Why …………… you buy a new dress? (don’t, doesn’t)
16. One of my brothers………….. swimming. (is, are)
17. These goods …………..very expensive. (is, are)
18. The cattle ………………..grazing in the field now. (is, are)
19. Ten kilometres ………….. a long distance. (is, are)
20. Sixty years ………….. a long time. (is, are)
21. Nobody ………………. standing at the door. (is, are)
22. Anu and I………………..going out for a meal. (is, are)
23. Neither of the boys ………. here to help us. (is, are)
24. Either of the girls ……… completed the work. (has, have)
25. Bad news ……………fast. (travel, travels)
B. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct words

from the brackets: 1. ‘Balloon over Nepal’ ............. a documentary
film. (is, are)
2. There .................. over a hundred classes like this in the
district. ( were, are) 3. Each film................. copied on to a
metal plate. (is, are)
4. There ..................... ten people in the film. (is, are)
5. In 1989, there .................... two rivers. (was, were)
6. Somebody …….. in the park. (was, were)
7. ……….his mother gone to Biratnagar? (Has, Have)
8. There……………. nothing wrong. (is, are)
9. Each packet ………… fresh juice. (contain, contains)
10. Every morning the children …………. writing. (do, does)
11. Eight kilometres ………….. roughly equivalent to
five miles. (is, are) 12. A dictionary ............you about
words. (tell, tells)
13. A number of students... ... ... busy in the lab. (was, were)
14. Your father ……….told me about your school. (has, have)
15. All the apples …........…kept in the fridge. (was, were)
16. ………..his sister work in a hospital? (Do, Does)
17. Each country …........…its boarders. (protect, protects)
18. Either of his friends …………….. in Germany. (live, lives)
19. Every man and woman in the village ……….helped the
stranger. (has, have) 20. Everyone …………… food, shelter
and love. (need, needs)
21. Finally everyone ………… ready to begin. (is, are)
22. They ………not eat meat. (do, does)
23. I hear you………..going to Pokhara. (is, are)
24. He as well as his brothers ……………. working in a
factory. (is, are) 25. His father never …………. late.
(become, becomes)
C. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct words

from the brackets: 1. The gates of Troy …………. thrown open.
(was, were)
2. Romeo and Juliet ……….. written by William
Shakespeare. (was, were) 3. Annapurna …………. first
climbed by Herzog. (was, were)
4. Helen ………….. the most beautiful woman in all Greece. (was,
were) 5. Inside the temple, there …….…. some carvings showing
the Buddha’s birth. (is, are) 6. One of the porters ………….. in the
jungle and he found the pillar. (was, were) 7. Look! There ………..
…. a child dancing. (is, are)
8. One of his cousins..... ….. ... from Jhapa. (comes, come)
9. Look! There …………. some children looking at you. (is, are)
10. Here ………….one sentence story. (is, are)
11. Shambhu and Chankhay………….. on the roof. (was, were)
12. One of our oldest statues ………….gone. (has, have)
13. Shambhu and Shanti……….. in Shakti High
School. (study, studies) 14. The basket was damaged
but everyone……….. safe. (was, were) 15. Filming
itself ……….only a small part of making a film. (is,
are) 16. The photography …………the great beauty of
Nepal. (show, shows) 17. ………..there a conflict
between films and books? (Is, Are)
18. Films………. us about people other places and times in a vivid
way. (teach, teaches) 19. Books are cheaper and they ……..no special
equipment. (need, needs) 20. My sister and I…………. for surfing
every Saturday. (go, goes) 21. There………….. only 18 million
people. (is, are)
22. Men called shearers ……..electric scissors to cut the
wool. (use, uses) 23. “……………… you visited other
places?” said Shanti. (Has, Have) 24. Why……………..
many tourists go to Queensland? (do, does) 25. Nearly
everyone here…………. Maithili. (speak, speaks)
26. We …………so pleased to see Chankhay. (was, were)
27. There…………. nearly 200 wild buffaloes in the Koshi Tappu
Wildlife. (was, were) 28. Janakpur …………..one railway line
going east and one going west. (has, have) 29. It…….. been
lovely having lunch with you. (has, have)
30. I ............. wondering if I could borrow your
notebook. (was, were) 31. There………….. no
smoking sign over there. (is, are)
32. The toys in this box ……..very nice. (is, are)
33. Here……….. a new rice cooker. (is, are)
34. The writer and the editor ……..present in the
party. (was, were) 35. There ……..only ten
students in her class. (is, are)
36. Will he ……………. them? (help, helps)
37. These students ….too careless to get
good marks.(is, are) 38. Thousand rupees
…….a small amount for him. (is, are) 39.
Two thirds of teachers ……. from India.
(is, are)
40. His father…………..just brought some presents for us. (has, have)
D. Choose the correct words from the brackets to

complete the text: An outbreak of swine flu in
Mexico ……………
(has, have) raised concerns
worldwide that the
disease could be emerging as a global
pandemic.
The virus ………(is, are) now widespread in
the
United States and …………(continue,
continues)
to spread globally, and the WHO …………(has,
have) recommended against attempts to contain
it, arguing that it …………(has, have) hospitalization, many experts ………….
already spread too widely. But the (has, have) been questioning whether the
number of new cases ………….(is, are) new strain of flu ………….(is, are)
declining in Mexico, according to health deadlier than normal seasonal flu.
officials, and no deaths …………. Nonetheless, a number of countries,
(has, have) been reported since April 29. particularly China, ………….(has, have)
As the virus ………….(has, have) been taking rigorous quarantine measures
continued to spread without causing against Mexicans or people who had
deaths or even large numbers of travelled to Mexico.
Swine flu virus
The origins of the flu, also known as the A (H1N1) strain, are unclear;
it …………(seem, seems) to have first surfaced in Mexico or the
south-western United States. The outbreak ……………..(was, were)
first identified in Mexico, where health authorities became alarmed
over the death of several young and healthy adults. Mexican authorities
said that there …………(is, are) 700 confirmed cases of infection, and
26 deaths, most in Mexico City; there ………….(has, have) been
about 2,500 suspected cases, with 159 suspected fatalities. The only
death outside of Mexico ………….(has, have) been a 22-month-old
Mexican boy who died in Texas.
(Based on the news report from CNN)

SECTION A
Tense 8Grammar
1. Forms
1. Simple present − He writes a letter.

2. Present continuous − He is writing a letter.
3. Present perfect − He has written a letter.
4. Present perfect continuous − He has been writing a letter.
5. Simple past − He wrote a letter.
6. Past continuous − He was writing a letter.
7. Past perfect − He had written a letter.
8. Past perfect continuous − He had been writing a letter.
9. Simple future − He will write a letter.
10. Future continuous − He will be writing a letter.
11. Future perfect − He will have written a letter.
12. Future perfect continuous − He will have been writing a letter.
In the above examples, the verb write has twelve different forms
that express various times of the action.

a. What are the forms of the main verb in simple tenses?
b. What are the forms of the main verb in continuous tenses?
c. What are the forms of the main verb in perfect tenses?
d. What are the forms of the main verb in perfect continuous tenses?
Work in groups and write the names of the tenses with

the following tense structures:
1. sub + v1/v5 + obj Simple present tense
2. sub + is/am/are/ + v4 + obj
……………………………………………… 3. sub + has/have + v + obj
3
……………………………………………… 4. sub + has been/have been

+ v4 + obj ……………………………………………… 5. sub + v2 + obj
……………………………………………... 6. sub + was/were + v4 + obj
……………………………………………..
7. sub + had + v3 + obj …………………………………………….. 8.
sub + had been + v4 + obj …………………………………………….. 9.
sub + shall/will + v1 + obj ……………………………………………..
10. sub + shall be/will be + v4 + obj
…………………………………………….. 11. sub + shall have/will
have + v3 + obj …………………………………………….. 12. sub +
shall have been/will have been + v4 + obj
……………………………………………..
Practice
Read the examples and change the sentences in a similar way.
Simple present She cooks food. He writes a letter. Present

continuous She is cooking food.
Present perfect She has cooked food.
Present perfect continuous She has been cooking food.
Simple past She cooked food.
Past continuous She was cooking food.
Past perfect She had cooked food.
Past perfect continuous She had been cooking food.
Simple future She will cook food.
Future continuous She will be cooking food.
Future perfect She will have cooked food.
Future perfect continuous She will have been cooking food.
Simple present He draws a picture. She drinks juice. Present

continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect continuous
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect
Future perfect continuous
Simple present They cook food. They swim in the pool. Present continuous
Present perfect
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect
Simple present Peter drives a taxi. Anu sings a song. Present
continuous
Present perfect
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect
Simple present Indu feeds her cat. They teach us English. Present
continuous
Present perfect
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect
r knits a sweater.
Present continuous
Present perfect
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect
Practice
Read the examples and change the sentences in a similar way.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative I sing a song. I do not

sing a song. Do I sing a song? They write letters.
She goes to school.
He plays the madal.
I am singing a song. I am not signing a song. Am I singing a song?
They are writing letters.
She is going to school.
He is playing the madal.
I have sung a song. I have not sung a song. Have I sung a song?
They have written letters.
She has gone to school.
He has played the madal.
I sang a song. I did not sing a song. Did I sing a song? They
wrote letters.
She went to school.
He played the madal.
I was singing a song. I was not singing a song. Was I singing a song?
They were writing letters.
She was going to school.
He was playing the madal.
I had sung a song. I had not sung a song. Had I sung a song?
They had written letters.
She had gone to school.
He had played the madal.
I will sing a song. I will not sing a song. Will I sing a song? They
will write letters.
She will go to school.
He will play the madal.
I will be singing a song. I will not be singing a song. Will I be singing a
song? They will be writing letters.
She will be going to school.
He will be playing the madal.
I will have sung a song. I will not have sung a song. Will I have sung a
song? They will have written letters.
She will have gone to school.
He will have played the madal.

in the simple present tense He wrote a letter last week.
Use 'v5' only
They wrote some letters last week. A
with a singular subject. An apple girl will help us.
grows on a tree. Some girls will help us.
His friend speaks English very well.
Use v1 in the simple present tense only (An apple grow on a tree.)
with a plural subject.
(His friend speak English very well.)
Apples grow on a tree.
His friends speak English very well.
Use 'is', 'was', 'has' with a singular subject. (Apples grows on a tree.)
The girl is dancing in the hall now. Her (His friends speaks English ….)
friend was cooking food all yesterday.
Use 'are', 'were', 'have' with a plural subject.
The girls are dancing in the hall now. Her (The girl are dancing………)
friends were cooking food all yesterday. (Her friend were cooking……)
You can use 'v2', 'had', 'will' with both
singular and plural subjects. (The girls is dancing………)
(Her friends was cooking……)
Common Errors
Incorrect Correct
Are you sing a song now? Are you singing a song now? They are play
football. They are playing football. She is not study in Grade X. She is
not studying in Grade X. The men is pulling the cart. The men are
pulling the cart. Have you ever ate this type of food? Have you ever
eaten this type of food? She has wrote three poems. She has written
three poems. I had sang a song before they came to school. I had sung a
song before they came to school. He does not cooks food. He does not
cook food. Did you bought a dress yesterday? Did you buy a dress
yesterday? Where does he lives? Where does he live?
Do we worships God? Do we worship God? Does his father works
here? Does his father work here? She always watch horror movies.
She always watches horror movies. These boys plays basketball
very well. These boys play basketball very well. His father have
not gone to Pokhara yet. His father has not gone to Pokhara yet.
The oxen has chased a cow. The oxen have chased a cow. She will
buys a car. She will buy a car.
Can you wrote a letter? Can you write a letter? He
may comes here today. He may come here today.
Would you helped me? Would you help me?
When will he goes to Pokhara? When will he go to Pokhara?

Practice
Change the forms of the verbs to complete the
sentences: 1. (speak) Riya always …………..English.
(simple present) 2. (bring) Shilpa …………………..a toy for
me. (present perfect) 3. (send) He ……………..me a postcard
last week. (simple past) 4. (watch) I …….already ……… the
movie five times. (present perfect) 5. (write) I ………….a
poem tomorrow. (simple future) 6. (visit) I………....…. my
grandmother next week. (simple future) 7. (see) We
………....….already ....................that film. (present perfect) 8.
(finish) I ...............just ………...…. doing this exercise.
(present perfect) 9. (climb) Look! The boy ………....….the
tree. (present continuous) 10. (discover) Scientists ………....
….a new planet. (present perfect) 11. (come) Bipin never
……….........….late to school. (simple present) 12. (cook)
Sudha ………..................….food daily. (simple present) 13.
(go) Angela ………...................….to London yesterday.
(simple past) 14. (come) The manager …….................…....
….soon. (simple future) 15. (see) We …………………….two
wild buffaloes. (simple past) 16. (cook) Perhaps
Suman ...................... food for you. (simple future) 17. (buy)
I ...................... the tickets. (simple past)
18. (give) She ....................... him the apple.
(simple past) 19. (eat)
They ........................... fish. (present
perfect)
20. (answer) I ................................ the question.
(present perfect) 21. (send)
We .............................. the postcard. (simple
past) 22. (catch) They ........................... the ball.
(simple past)
23. (not work) We ...................... at night. (simple present)
24. (stay) Maybe we ………....….at home. (simple
future) 25. (sleep) She ……………….under the tree.
(present continuous) 26. (collect) I
……………….stamps. (present perfect)
27. (want) He ……………….to read comics.
(simple past) 28. (help) They
……………….their parents. (simple past) 29.
(open) They ……………….the windows.
(past perfect) 30. (take) She
……………….nice photos. (simple future)
31. (watch) I ……………….TV. (past
continuous)
32. (buy) She ……………….a dress. (future perfect)
33. (collect) She ……………….stickers. (past perfect)
34. (wear) He ……………….his uniform. (past continuous)
35. (wait) They ……………….for me at the bus stop. (simple
past) 36. (sing) She ……………….a song. (present
continuous) 37. (buy) They ……………….a house. (present
perfect) 38. (swim) Neha ......................... in the pool. (present
continuous) 39. ( laugh) A girl ............................ at him.
(simple past) 40. ( drive) Suresh .......................... very fast.
(simple Present) 41. (make) Volta ……………….the first
battery in 1800. (simple past) 42. (sunbath) They
…………………for two hours. (present perfect continuous)
2. Uses of twelve tenses

Simple Present Tense
▪ Habitual actions/repeated actions
He often comes here. They never play cricket. Sony always
gets up at 6 o’clock. He sometimes visits new places. I do not
drink wine. She goes to temple everyday. He likes travelling to
remote places. Mina brushes her teeth twice a day. Barking dogs
seldom bite. She never speaks English. She changes her job every
two years. They often meet at the station. ▪ General/universal
truths/sayings
A cow eats grass. Wood floats on water.
Pandas feed on bamboo shoots. A river flows into
the sea. Apples grow on trees. Blood is red.
The sun rises in the east. Man is mortal.
Honesty is the best policy. Slow and steady wins the race.
Time and tide waits for none.
▪ Fixed timetable or work
A butcher sells meat.
He is a doctor. He treats patients.
They are football players. They play football.
The exam starts from the next month.
The meeting starts sharp at 4 pm.
▪ Time adverbials that are generally used with the simple present tense are 'always,
never, often, seldom, sometimes, nowadays, rarely, usually, generally, daily,
hardly, occasionally, etc.'
Present Continuous Tense

▪ Action that is going on at the time of speaking
Anu is writing a letter now.
They are working in the field at present.
I am reading this book.
Look! Tina is coming here.
She is still sleeping in her room. Do not disturb her.
Don’t make a noise. The baby is sleeping.
Keep quiet! He is listening to the news.
Wait! The bus is coming. Don’t cross the road.
Listen! They are singing a song. We can hear them.
▪ Fixed and decided future planning or arrangements
I am visiting Pokhara tomorrow morning.
Everything has been ready. Deepa is flying to
Switzerland next week. She has bought a ticket.
▪ Time adverbials that are generally used with the present continuous tense are
'now, still, at present, at this moment, Look!, Listen!, etc.'
Present Perfect Tense

▪ This tense shows the action that is already finished in the past but the result
is left in the present situation.
They have already invited me.
She has just brought water.
They have not completed the work yet.
Have you ever seen a snake?
I have prepared the meal. You can take it now.
She has broken her leg. She cannot walk even today.
▪ It is also used with 'for/since + time' if the verb in a sentence is a negative verb
or be-verb or have-verb. He has not met his wife for a long time.
Rahul has been sick since last Monday.
He has had guitar lessons for two months.
▪ It is also used to express present incomplete actions.
We have not finished the task yet.
I have never climbed Mt. Everest.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

▪ It expresses an action that has already been started in the past but it is still going
on in the present time. It is used to show the prolonged action with 'for/since +
time or all + period of time'. She has been walking in the rain for four
hours.
My brother has been reading this novel since 2 o’clock.
Mr. Dev has been teaching English for ten years.
Kiran has been working in this shop since March.
The workers have been waiting for the manager all this morning.
They have been working in this factory since 2001.
▪ We use the present perfect tense to express the completed actions but the
present perfect continuous tense expresses the actions without any reference of
completion.
She has been writing a novel. She has written five pages so far.
We have been cleaning the house for two hours. We have already cleaned
two rooms. I have been watching TV for five hours. I have watched three
serials up to now. ▪ We use the present perfect tense to express the completed
action if we can see the result in the present situation. We use the simple past tense
to express the completed action if there is no result in the present situation.
He has cut his finger. It is bleeding now.
Present Tense
He cut his finger. The wound became well.

Past Tense
He has fallen off cycle. Come and help him.

Present Tense

Simple Past Tense
▪ The simple past tense is used to express the past actions. It is generally used with
yesterday, ago, last, those days, in + past point of time, etc.
He came here yesterday. She did not buy anything last week.
They gave me a book two weeks ago. I ate a cake last week.
Anu visited Pokhara in 1987. She drew a picture two days ago. I
met her last month. She sang a song yesterday. ▪ It is used to express the
sequence of two past actions when they occurred at the same time and the second
action happened due to the result of the first one.
When I pushed her, she fell down.
The dog barked when he hit it.
As soon as I saw the house, I decided to buy it.
Past Continuous Tense
▪ The past continuous tense expresses the action that was going on for some
time in the past time. She was reading a novel all yesterday.
They were running here and there all yesterday.
She was watching TV at this time yesterday.
▪ This tense is used with all + past time and also with the time clauses 'when' and
'while' to express the sequence of two past actions.
They were crossing the road when I saw them.
I saw him while he was crossing the road.
She was typing a letter when I saw her in the room.
Past Perfect Tense
▪ The past perfect tense is used to express the occurrence of two past actions in a
sequence in which one action had already completed before another action
started. This tense is generally used with the time clauses like when, after,
before, by the time, as soon as, etc.
When the doctor came, the patient had already died.
He met me after his father had gone away.
She had finished all her work before she went out.
As soon as I had written the letter, I posted it.
Before the sun sank behind the horizon, we had
completed our work. My sister had cleaned the
room before the guests entered.
By the time we reached home, it had been dark.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
▪ The past perfect continuous tense is used to express the action which had been
going on some time in the past before another action started.
She had been working on computer before I phoned her.
They had been working in the field.
She had been walking in the rain.
When we woke up, it had been snowing for two hours.
At 3 pm yesterday, I had been watching TV for two hours.
Simple Future Tense
▪ The simple future tense is used to express the action which takes place at a time
in the future. It is generally used with tomorrow, next, soon, tonight, etc.
They will buy a car next year. What will you do
tomorrow? I shall help them next week. We shall buy
you ice-creams. They will soon be back. Will you help
me tomorrow?
▪ We generally use 'shall' or 'will' with the pronouns 'I' and 'we' when we
promise to do something. I shall take you to the zoo.
We shall help you complete your project.
I will return your book tomorrow.
▪ The simple future tense is used with the when clause if there is the simple present
or present perfect in the main clause.
When I finish reading, I will give this book to you.
She will meet you when she has completed her work.
Future Continuous Tense
▪ The future continuous tense expresses the action that will be going
at some time in future. She will be visiting Pokhara at this
time tomorrow.
They will be playing the tournament at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
I will be watching at the gate when they come out of the hall.
Future Perfect Tense
▪ The future perfect tense is used to express the action that will be completed
before a certain action or period of time in the future. This tense is generally
used with 'by + point of time, in + period of time, before + point of time'.
They will have completed their work by July.
I will have settled in America before 2020.
By 2015, he will have taught here for two decades.
I will have gone out before my friend comes here.
By Sunday, they will have shifted the place.
How many books will you have read by next month?
▪ The future perfect tense is used with 'by the time+ simple present tense'.
By the time he goes there, his friend will have gone out.
The train will have left the station by the time they reach there.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense .
▪ The future perfect continuous Tense is used to express the action that will have
been going on for a certain time in the future. This tense generally comes with by
+ time with for+ period of time. Mr Gurung will have been teaching us
for two years by the end of next month. By the next year, they will
have been working with us for two years. By 5 o’clock, your friend
will have been waiting for you for two hours.
We use "be going to + v1" when we predict or imagine some future actions on
the basis of some proof. The plane is going to crash. We can see the
fire burning.
It is going to rain soon. There are black clouds in the sky.
3. Tense sequence
Look at the following sentences:
She came here while I was reading a newspaper.
They had already written a letter when the teacher
entered the classroom. The thief had already run away
when the police came.
The car stopped at once when the driver braked it.
In the above examples, all the sentences have two past actions and time
clauses like when, while, before, etc are used to show them in order.
Let’s study the sequences of past tenses:

▪ If two past actions occur at the same time and one action causes to happen
another action. Both the actions are expressed in the simple past tense.
When she pushed her, she fell down.
The dog barked when he hit it.
I got tired when I made the bed.
▪ We use the past continuous tense with the simple past tense to show one action
was going on when something happened.
When I came, she was cooking food.
The students were making a noise when the
teacher entered the class. When you phoned me, I
was polishing my shoes.
▪ The simple past tense is also used with past continuous tense to show the
sequence of two past events in order. In such case, there are two sentences
joined by time clauses 'while' and 'when'. She entered my room while I
was cooking food.
I saw them while they were crossing the road.
While she was reading a paper, we were dancing.
▪ The simple past tense is also used with past perfect tense to show two past
events in sequence. In such case, there are two sentences joined by time
clauses like 'after, before, when, by the time, as soon as', etc. After the
patient had died, the doctor came.
By the time I reached the place, they had already gone from there.
When the police came, the thief had already run away.
The students had entered the class before the teacher came in.
I decided to buy a house after I had earned a lot.
Let’s learn the sequence of present and future tense:
▪ simple present/present perfect + simple future

When I finish my work, I will show it to you.
When I have finished my work, I will show it to you.
You will need a computer when you join the evening class.
▪ by the time + simple present , future perfect
By the time he comes here, I will have left the place.
Tina will have written three essays by the time I write one.
By the time she calls me, they will have gone out.
Here is a chart that shows the summary of the uses of tenses:
Tenses Time adverbials and other structures Examples The earth moves
round the
sun.
Simple present Present continuous

• time adverbials - now, still, at They drive on the right in
present, at this moment, Britain.
• expressions - Look!, Listen!, She is making supper.
Don't.......! Keep quiet!, Wait!.....etc Look! It’s raining.
I’m going out tonight.
• finished actions with present
They are still reading the
results • recently finished actions same book.
Present perfect • travelling and personal experience Listen! Someone is beating the
table.
• time adverbials- already, yet, just,
recently, ever, etc I’ve cut my finger. It is
bleeding. They have just
Present perfect continuous • for/since + time with negative
gone out.
verbs/be and have verbs I have already phoned them.
Simple past • for/since + time with verbs that
I have already watched that
express prolonged actions movie.
• universal truths/facts/proverbs
She has not talked to me for
• likes/dislikes / repeated actions • yesterday, ago, last, in+ past point three days. I have been ill
of time, etc. since Monday.
• time adverbials - always, never,
• past time expressions like in my I have been waiting for my
often, seldom, sometimes,
nowadays, usually, generally, daily,childhood, in ancient, long ago, friend for two hours.
hardly, etc. She has a shower every
morning. She likes dancing. I came here yesterday.
He usually catches the bus. I saw her two days ago.
• ongoing actions I broke my leg in my
They do not work at
• future arrangements weekends. We watch much childhood. She went to
TV. London in 2004.
• ongoing actions in the past (all + past

Past continuous
time)
• with simple past tense
Past perfect simple past+ past perfect (one action had

been already completed before another started)
They were playing all yesterday. When I
came, she was dancing. When they came, I
had gone out. By the time I reached the
station, the train had left.
Simple future
two past actions in a sequence (one
action had already completed
before another action started)
• actions that will take place in
future
• time adverbials - tomorrow, next,
soon, tonight, etc.
They had been watching TV
before the teacher arrived
there.
I will meet my uncle next

week. What will you eat
tonight?
• ongoing actions in the future They will be visiting a park at this
Future continuous
time tomorrow.
• by + time, in + period of time, before + time
Future perfect • by the time + simple present, future perfect
They will have passed the SLC in two
years.
• by + time.........for + time
continuous By the next week, they will have
Future perfect
been visiting Illam for two weeks.

Exercise
A. Supply the correct tenses:
1. A German archaeologist ………… the remains of the tall pillar.
(discover) 2. ‘Balloon over Nepal’..….. already ……….….acclaimed
throughout the country. (be) 3. Anita ………………. a movie tonight.
(watch)
4. At this time yesterday, I …………………………..ready for
school. (get) 5. Before the teacher arrived, the
students ..................... the blackboard. (clean) 6. China
…………..to the north of India. (lie)
7. Don’t forget to take your umbrella. It ………………..(rain).
8. He ………………. already ……………….out. (go)
9. The boys ………………. in Grade IX by next year. (be)
10. As soon as they …....in Gokyo, they set up camp and built a
weather station. (arrive) 11. They ………….just……........… out. (go)
12. Arun arrived while I ......................... my shirt. (iron)
13. He ............................. here all day. I think he is ill. (lay)
14. The children climbed Gokyo peak while
they……………….. (wait) 15. Naresh often
………………. to school by bus. (go)
16. Suresh ……………….……………….mineral water
every day. (drink) 17. They ……………………cricket
on TV now. (watch)
18. Saroj always ………………. hard. (study)
19. He always ……………….about everything. ( complain)
20. I ............................. here since 8 o’clock. (sit)
21. It often ……………here in May. (rain)
22. They ………………. still ………………. football. (play)
23. The football players ………………. to
Pokhara yesterday. (go) 24. Last night,
she………………. mutton. (cook)
25. Listen! Someone ……………..the door. Go and
open the door. (knock) 26. Most people …………….
already ………………. . (go)
27. My friend ……………………a poem on pollution
two days ago. (write) 28. One day an old
man ........................ to my house. (come)
29. Listen! Someone ………………. . (sing)
30. Man ……………….on Mars some day. (land)
B. Supply the correct tenses:

1. They …………………………English for six months. (learn)
2. I ..................................... English for five years. (study)
3. Mohan ………………. to meet his friend tonight. (go)
4. Owls usually ………………. at night. (hoot)
5. She …......…. already………………. a picture. (paint)
6. Anjali ………………. me everyday. (phone)
7. His friends ………………..for Dharan last week. (leave)
8. The boys ……………….pictures at the moment. (draw)
9. We ………….my aunt next week on Friday. It will be
her birthday. (visit) 10. When I saw her at the bus stop, she
…………………to an old man. (talk) 11. She always
………………. at 7.30. (arrive)
12. Pushpa never ………………. her book. (forget)
13. She often ……………….her homework in her bedroom. (do)
14. I can’t give you this book. I…………………..it still. (read)
15. Shhhhh! Be quiet! The baby ……………….. (sleep)
16. His father always …………coffee without sugar. (take)
17. I …………..the Taj Mahal last year. (see)
18. Manoj ………………. an apple last week. (eat)
19. I ………………. just ………………. my homework. (finish)
20. The villagers ………………. a temple very soon. (build)
21. They ……………….the room yet. (not clean)
22. I often ………………. low marks for my homework. (get)
23. We ............................ for six months now. (go)
24. Jeevan ……………………..to drive a motorbike at this
moment. (learn) 25. They …….........…….here tomorrow.
(come)
26. I ..................... until it was dark. ( wait)
27. The club ……………….at four o’clock. (close)
28. The family ………………. home last night at 10:30. (get)
29. The hunter walked along the forest. Suddenly he
……………….a tiger. (see) 30. I ...................... when I have
finished my work. (come)
C. Supply the correct tenses:

1. The match ………………………..when I reached there. (go)
2. We generally …………….. these vegetables from our
neighbour. (buy) 3. I………………. my room now. (tidy
up)
4. The old beggar ………………. yesterday. (die)
5. The police ….....…………….. here in a few minutes. (arrive)
6. Look! The baby ……………….. (crawl)
7. The train …………just……………… (arrive)
8. The weather forecast says the sun
……………….tomorrow. (shine) 9. The whole day
yesterday they …………………cartoons on TV. (watch)
10. These students always …………………to school
punctually. (come) 11. This film……………… .in this hall
for two weeks. (run)
12. Two prisoners …………from the jail. The police are now looking
for them. (escape) 13. We ……………….a park tomorrow. (visit)
14. Pushkar …………………….in Kathmandu for over
two years. (live) 15. I ……………………this school in
2005. (join)
16. Suman ………………a bicycle yesterday. (buy)
17. I …………………..this dress when I was in
Kathmandu. (buy) 18. Susan often
…………..English movies. (watch)
19. The bus often ………………. here at 10. (come)
20. They generally………………. English. (speak)
21. His father ………………….the field for six hours. (dig)
22. By the time they climbed down the mountain, the porters
………..the place. (leave) 23. The children ………………..already. (get
up)
24. We usually …………to the park on Saturday evenings. (go)
25. My brother ………………. songs now. (sing)
26. When I saw her, she ………………..(skip)
27. Yesterday I ………………. perfume. (buy)
28. Soon they ………….on the top of the mountain. (be)
29. In 1989, there …………………….two rivers. (be)
30. Every year the walk around the city …………….place in March. (take)

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(Practice Book + Workbook+ Model Speaking

Sets) ^ Grammar ^ Listening

^ Answer key in a separate booklet

(According to the compulsory English curriculum prescribed by the

The Supplement to English Grammar NEW EDITION (revised

Study these examples.

An elephant is a huge animal.

Now answer these questions:

The Supplement English Book Eight 5

Study these examples.

In the above examples, ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used with

Now talk about the following examples in a similar way:

6 The Supplement English Book Eight

8 The Supplement English Book Eight

A. Use ‘a’ or ‘an’ in the blank spaces where necessary:

C. Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined words.

D. Insert the words given in the brackets. Change

E. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ where necessary:

The Supplement English Book Eight 11

F. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’

G. Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’

Australia lies between……… South Pacific Ocean and the Indian

14 The Supplement English Book Eight

Now talk about the following sentences in a similar way:

First I me my mine myself plural we us our ours

The Supplement English Book Eight 15

2. Uses of personal pronouns

it being talked about A dog is an animal. It is a Dogs are animals. They

• The objective pronouns often come after verbs or prepositions in

Miss Rockbeat is a famous film star. ………………………………….

Study these examples: This is a ball

These are parrots and those are pigeons.

These are tomatoes and those are potatoes.

• We use ‘this + singular noun’ for something which is

I’m looking for a T-shirt. Can I see that red one?

Riya and Mona help each other.

• The pronouns ‘each other’ and ‘one another’ are reciprocal

A. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct

B. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct pronouns:

D. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the

beautiful table five tables wooden tables

In the above examples, the underlined words are adjectives. They

Now say how the underlined adjectives describe the nouns:

an oval face sour grapes

The Supplement English Book Eight 21

Alan is taller than Susan.

3. We use ‘more’ to form the comparative and ‘most’ to form the

Positive Comparative Superlative

4. Many adjectives are irregular in comparison:

Positive Comparative Superlative

Positive Comparative Superlative attractive

24 The Supplement English Book Eight

Riya is the most intelligent girl in this class.

Sita is taller than Anita.

The Supplement English Book Eight 25

singular ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ √ countable plural ⋅ √ √ ⋅ uncountable √ √ ⋅ ⋅

Her handwriting is beautiful. She writes beautifully. He is a

careless boy. He does everything carelessly. Anu is very quick. She

Her handwriting is beautiful. She writes beautifully.

“What is beautiful?” “How does she write?”

The Supplement English Book Eight 27

adverbs express: TIME FREQUENCY CERTAINTY MANNER

He will come tomorrow. He will probably come. He is sitting

upstairs. She never sings. She walks slowly.