PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1
prepared by: Mr. Joey Sasing, LPT
Practical Research 1

QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative research deals with designs,
techniques, and measures that do not produce
discrete numerical data. It is primarily an
exploratory research. It is used to give an
understanding of underlying reasons, opinions
and motivations.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
According to Yin (2011), qualitative research is
studying the meaning of people’s lives, under
real-world conditions;
Practical Research 1

QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGIES
1. ACTION RESEARCH
In action research, the researcher works in
close collaboration with a group of people to
improve a situation in a particular setting.

Action research begins with a process of

communication and agreement between
people who want to change something
together.
1. ACTION RESEARCH
This type of research is popular in areas such
as organizational management, community
development, education and agriculture.
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
The emphasis in ethnography is on describing
and interpreting cultural behavior.
Ethnographers immerse themselves in the lives
and culture of the group being studied, often
living with that group for months on end.
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
It studies people-ethnic groups in their
settings (Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017).
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
TWO APPROACHES TO ETHNOGRAPHY
1. REALIST – researcher provides an objective
account of the situation

2. CRITICAL – researcher shows his advocacy

for a marginalized group or attempts to
empower the group by giving them voice.
3. FEMINIST RESEARCH
Feminist researchers argue that for too long
the lives and experiences of women have been
ignored or misrepresented. Often, in the past,
research was conducted on male ‘subjects’
and the results generalized to the whole
population.
4. GROUNDED THEORY
Grounded theory is a methodology which was
first laid out in 1967 by two researchers
named Glaser and Strauss. In grounded
theory, methods such as focus groups and
interviews tend to be the preferred data
collection method, along with a com-
prehensive literature review which takes place
throughout the data collection process.
4. GROUNDED THEORY
It aims to generate theories from the data
itself, allowing theories to emerge during the
research process rather than being imposed
beforehand.
5. PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Grounded theory is a methodology which was
first laid out in 1967 by two researchers
named Glaser and Strauss. In grounded
theory, methods such as focus groups and
interviews tend to be the preferred data
collection method, along with a com-
prehensive literature review which takes place
throughout the data collection process.
5. PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
It aims to describe an experience as it is
actually lived by the person. It is concerned
with the study of experience from the
perspective of the individual.
6. HISTORICAL RESEARCH
It is one involving analysis of events that
occurred in the remote or recent past.
7. CASE STUDY
A case study is an in-depth investigation of a
particular individual, group, event or situation.
Researchers use case studies to gain a
comprehensive understanding of the subject
and to explore its complexities within a real-
life context.
8. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
The main objective is to describe the features,
qualities, and nuances of the phenomenon
being studied. It aims to capture the richness
and depth of the subject.