Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

Nur Iqbal Muliawan

OSI Model

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 Why need model?
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Perinician fungsi yang lebih spesifik
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Standart untuk vendor yang berbeda
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Membuat troubleshoot lebih mudah
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Agar vendor dapat membuat perangkat di area yang
spesifik
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ISO rilis OSI Model di tahun 1984

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OSI Model

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Membutuhkan inisiasi
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User Interface
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Program yang secara khusus di
buat untuk bekerja di network
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Data Unit : Message
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Ex: telnet, ssh, ftp, http, https

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Fungsinya menterjemahkan
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Menterjemahkan data dari layer
Aplikasi menjadi format yang
dapat dipahami oleh layer lain
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Enkripsi dan kompresi
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Data Unit : Message

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Initiate, maintain dan end
session
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Check Points
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Data Unit : Message

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Segmentasi

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Segmentation
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Flow control
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Error handling
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Segment sequencing
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Service addressing
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Data Unit : segment

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

Transport Protocol ada 2

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TCP ( Transmit Control
Protocol) → connection oriented
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UDP ( User Datagram Protocol)
→ connectionless

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Addressing
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Routing
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IP addressing
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Routers
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Data Unit : packet

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Physical addressing
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Mac address
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Error checking
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Data Unit : packet

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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Hardware
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Bit

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OSI Model

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model
Apa yang di maksud Encapsulation?

Encapsulation: Proses penambahan kontrol

informasi saat melewati setiap layer

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Introduction to OSI & TCP/IP Model

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TCP/IP Model

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TCP/IP or DoD Model

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TCP/IP Model: Application Layer

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Process / Application layer
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Telnet ●
HTTPS
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Ssh ●
NTP
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FTP ●
DNS
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TFTP ●
DHCP / BootP
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SNMP ●
APIPA
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HTTP

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Telnet (Telecommunication Network)
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Terminal base
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Remote application
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No encryption
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Simple
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Easy to use
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Very low overhead

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Ssh(Secure Shell)
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Terminal base
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Remote application
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Encrypted connection

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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
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Use to transfer files
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An application but operating as
protocol
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Allow access and list directory
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Login authentication
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Listing and manipulating directory
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Copy beetween host
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Can’t execute remote file as
program

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TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
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Fast and easy use
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No directory browsing ability
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Sending smaller block than FTP
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No authentication
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Insecure

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SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
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Collect and manipulating
valuable network information
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Sending data to NMS (Network
Management System)
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Version SNMP : v1, v2 dan v3

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HTTPS (Hypertext Transport Protocol Secure)
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Secure version of http
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Use Secure Socket Layer (ssl)
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Encrypt an http message

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NTP (Network Time Protocol)
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Use to synchronize time
between server and client
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Simple but important

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DNS (Domain Name Service)
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Use to resolve hostnames

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)/Bootstrap
Protocol (BootP)
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DHCP, assign ip address to
hosts automatically
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DHCP just sent configuration
to host
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BootP, assign ip address
automatically but have to
configure mac-address
manually
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BootP can send OS that a
host can boot from
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Type of information a DHCP Server can provide:

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IP address
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Subnet Mask
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Domain name
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Default gateway
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DNS Server
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WINS Server

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A client that sends out a DHCP Discover message in order to

receive an IP address sends out a broadcast at both layer 2 and
layer 3:
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Layer 2 Broadcast => ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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Layer 3 Broadcast => 255.255.255.255 ( all network )

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP Process:
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Discover
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Offer
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Receive
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Acknowledge

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP Conflict:
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Occur when two host use the same IP
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If happens, conflict address must be removed
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Only can be solve manually

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APIPA (Automatic Private IP Address)
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Use when host cannot find DHCP Server
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Windows feature
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Range IP used : 169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254
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Subnetmask used : 255.255.0.0 (class B)

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HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol)
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Can accessed from web
browser
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Insecure
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Use URL (Uninform User
Locator)

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TCP/IP Model: Host to host Layer /
Transportation Layer

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 Host to host Layer
Two common protocol:
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP Segment Format

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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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UDP Segment

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TCP vs UDP
TCP UDP
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Sequenced ●
Un-sequenced
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Reliable ●
Unreliable
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Connection- oriented ●
Connectionless
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Virtual Circuit ●
Low Overhead
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Acknowledgment ●
No Acknowledgement
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Windowing flow control ●
No Windowing Flow Control

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Port Number for TCP and UDP
TCP and UDP must use port numbers to communicate with the upper layers
because these are what keep track of different conversations crossing the
network simultaneously.
Originating-source port numbers are dynamically assigned by the source host and
will equal some number starting at 1024. Port number 1023 and below are defi
ned in RFC 3232 (or just see www.iana.org ), which discusses what we call well-
known port numbers.

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Port Number for TCP and UDP
TCP UDP
Telnet, 23 SNMP, 161
Ssh, 22 TFTP, 69
SMTP, 25 DNS, 53
HTTP, 80 BootP/DHCP, 67
HTTPS, 443 NTP, 123
FTP, 20 & 21
DNS, 53
POP3, 110
IMAP4 , 143

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