Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3rd Quarter Reviewer
3rd Quarter Reviewer
• Work-Energy Conservation:
• The principle states that work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic
energy, exemplifying the conservation of mechanical energy.
• Example: A ball rolling down a hill converts potential energy into kinetic energy as
gravitational force does work on it.
• Example: A car accelerating on a straight road increases its kinetic energy through
work done after being fueled.
• Resistors in Series:
• Total voltage applied to the circuit is distributed equally across all resistors.
• Situation: Think of a string of Christmas lights where each bulb acts as a resistor.
When one bulb burns out (increasing its resistance), the others in series remain lit
with the same brightness because they all receive the same voltage.
• Electric field represents force per unit charge at a point, while electric potential
represents potential energy per unit charge at a point.
• Like charges repel, causing electric field lines between positive charges to
diverge.
• Electric field strength decreases inversely with the square of the distance
from the charge.
• Direction of Electric Field Around Positive Point Charge:
• External work is required to move a positive test charge against the electric
field's direction.
• Work done increases the potential energy of the test charge and is
proportional to the distance moved against the field.
• Situation: Lifting a positive charge against the electric field is like lifting a ball
against gravity.
• Assesses how much the bulb resists the flow of current when connected to a
battery.
• Example: When you plug in a lightbulb, its filament offers resistance to the flow of
electricity, causing it to glow and produce light.
• The electric potential decreases with distance from a positive charge and increases
with distance from a negative charge.
• Situation: Imagine a positive charge at the center of a graph where electric potential
is highest, and as you move away from it, the potential decreases.
• Superposition principle allows for determining the net electric field at a point by
considering the contributions from multiple charges.
• Electric field vectors add vectorially to find the resultant field strength.
• Charged particles follow paths influenced by external forces and electric field
strength.
• Situation: Predicting the path of an electron beam in a cathode ray tube under the
influence of electric and magnetic fields.
• Work involves the transfer of energy, and power measures how quickly this transfer
occurs.
• Work done on an object changes its energy, and power determines the speed of this
change.
• Example: Lifting a weight requires work, which transfers energy to the weight,
increasing its potential energy. The rate at which you lift the weight (power)
determines how quickly this energy transfer occurs.
• When a car accelerates, the engine must produce power to overcome inertia and
increase speed over a specific distance.
• Power reflects the rate at which work is done, indicating how quickly the car's engine
can propel it forward.
• Example: When a car accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in a certain amount of time, the
engine's power output determines how quickly it achieves that acceleration.
• Concept of Work:
• Work is the result of applying a force to an object, causing it to move in the direction
of the force.
• Understanding work helps in quantifying the effort needed to perform various tasks.
• Situation: Pushing a heavy box across the floor requires work because a force is
applied to move the box in the direction of the push.
• Knowledge of these factors aids bikers in planning routes and managing energy
levels effectively.
• Situation: Riding up a steep hill requires more power output and energy expenditure
compared to riding on a flat road.
• Example: Studying how molecules diffuse in the air and applying principles of
electric fields to understand the movement of odor particles in different
environments.
• Situation: Designing a series circuit for holiday lights ensures that if one bulb burns
out, the others remain lit.
• Example: Christmas tree lights are often wired in a series, so if one bulb burns out,
the entire string goes dark because the circuit is broken.