Cloud computing Rita vadhvana

Advantages of Cloud Computing

As we all know that Cloud computing is trending technology. Almost every company
switched their services on the cloud to rise the company growth.

Here, we are going to discuss some important advantages of Cloud Computing-

1) Back-up and restore data

Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data
using the cloud.

2) Improved collaboration

Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly and

easily share information in the cloud via shared storage.
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3) Excellent accessibility

Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in the whole
world, using an internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure increases organization
productivity and efficiency by ensuring that our data is always accessible.

4) Low maintenance cost

Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for organizations.

5) Mobility

Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.

6) IServices in the pay-per-use model

Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for access
services on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service.

7) Unlimited storage capacity

Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such as
documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.

8) Data security

Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers many advanced
features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored and handled.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

A list of the disadvantage of cloud computing is given below -

1) Internet Connectivity

As you know, in cloud computing, every data (image, audio, video, etc.) is stored on the
cloud, and we access these data through the cloud by using the internet connection. If
you do not have good internet connectivity, you cannot access these data. However, we
have no any other way to access data from the cloud.

2) Vendor lock-in

Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud computing. Organizations may face
problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another. As different
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vendors provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving from one cloud to
another.

3) Limited Control

As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by the

service provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and execution of
services within a cloud infrastructure.

4) Security

Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards to store
important information. But, before adopting cloud technology, you should be aware
that you will be sending all your organization's sensitive information to a third party, i.e.,
a cloud computing service provider. While sending the data on the cloud, there may be
a chance that your organization's information is hacked by Hackers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING AS PER NIST:

NIST stands for National institute of standards and technology.

According to NIST there are five essential characteristics of cloud computing:

1. On Demand Self Service

2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling
4. Rapid elasticity
5. Measured service

1. On Demand Self Service

User gets on demand self-services. User can get computer services like email,
applications etc. without interacting with each service provider.

Some of the cloud service providers are- Amazon Web Service, Microsoft, IBM,
Salesforce.com

2. Broad network access

Cloud services are available over the network and can be accessed through different
clients such as mobile, laptops etc.

3. Resource pooling
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Same resources can be used by more than one customer at a same time.

For example- storage, network bandwidth can be used by any number of customers and
without knowing the exact location of that resource.

4. Rapid elasticity
On users demand cloud services can be available and released. Cloud service capabilities
are unlimited and used in any quantity at any time.

5. Measured service
Resources used by the users can be monitored, controlled. This reports is available
for both cloud providers and consumer.
On the basis of this measured reports cloud systems automatically controls and
optimizes the resources based on the type of services.

Services like- Storage, processing, bandwidth etc.

Cloud Computing Environments:
1. Application development
2. Infrastructure and system development
3. Computing platforms and technologies
1. Application development:
Applications that leverage cloud computing benefit .

Web applications are one class of it:

1. Applications performance influenced by the workload generated by the different users demand.
2. With the diffusion of Web 2.0 technologies, the Web has become a platform for developing rich
and complex applications.
3. It includes enterprise applications that now leverage the Internet as the preferred channel for
service delivery and user interaction.
Resource-intensive applications are another class of it:
1. These can be either dataintensive or compute-intensive applications.
2. For example, scientific applications.
3. Resource-intensive applications are not interactive and they are mostly characterized by batch
processing.
Cloud computing provides application services that mimic the behavior of desktop applications but that
are completely hosted and managed on the providers side.

Developers access such services via simple Web interfaces, often implemented through RREST
(Representational State Transfer) Web services.

2. Infrastructure and system development:

1. IaaS solutions provide the capabilities to add and remove resources.
2. PaaS solutions embed into their core offering algorithms and rules that control the provisioning
process and the lease of resources.
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3. Integration between cloud resources and existing system deployment is another element of
concern.
4. Web 2.0 technologies constitute the interface through which cloud computing services are
delivered, managed, and provisioned.
5. Virtualization technology is a core feature of the infrastructure used by cloud providers.
3. Computing platforms and technologies:

Development of a cloud computing application happens by leveraging platforms and frameworks that
provide different types of services, from the bare-metal infrastructure to customizable applications serving
specific purposes.

Some of the cloud computing platforms and technologies are:

1. Amazon web services (AWS): Provides customers with a wide array of cloud services.
2. Google AppEngine: For developing and hosting web applications in Google-managed data
centers.
3. Microsoft Azure: It provides a range of cloud services, including those for compute, analytics,
storage and networking.
4. Hadoop: Hadoop is a Java-based framework used to manipulate data in the cloud or on
premises. Hadoop can be installed on cloud servers to manage Big data whereas cloud alone cannot
manage data without Hadoop in It.
5. Salesforce.com: It is a cloud computing SaaS company that specializes in customer relationship
management (CRM). Salesforce's services allow businesses to use cloud technology to better connect
with customers, partners and potential customers.
6. Manjrasoft Aneka: It is focused on the creation of innovative software technologies for simplifying
the development and deployment of applications on private or public Clouds.
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Explain any one cloud computing technology

Cloud computing Rita vadhvana
Cloud computing Rita vadhvana

Google App Engine

Google App Engine is An example of Platform as a Service (PaaS).

Google App Engine provides Web app developers and enterprises with access to Google's scalable
hosting and tier 1 Internet service.

Google App Engine provides a scalable runtime based on the Java and Python programming language.

Applications in Google app engine stores data in Google BigTable.

Application in Google app engine uses Google query language.

If applications are non-compatible to Google app engine, than application needed to be make compatible
with Google app engine. All application are not supported by Google app engine.

Google App Engine also removed some system administration and developmental tasks to make it easier
to write scalable applications.

Cost of Google App Engine:

1. Google app engine provides limited resource usage as free of cost.

2. After free resource usage limit users can per day or per minute basis.
Why to use Google App Engine:

There are following reasons to use Google app engine:

1. Google app engine allows you to build web applications on the same stable and extendable
platform which having support facility of Google’s large number of applications.
2. Google app engine gives facility to use and run applications in Google's data center.
3. Google app engine's language Java and Python are easy to understand and implement.
4. This platform is absolutely free; you can purchase additional resources if needed.
5. Using Google accounts you can use Google app engine's services.
6. It is easy to scale up as your data storage and traffic needs grows with time.
7. Google also provides marketing facility to our apps.
8. User can easily write the application code, and can test it on own local system and upload it to
Google at the click of a button or with a few lines of command script.
9. There is no need to take approval from system administration to upload or launch a new version
of the application.
10. Google takes care of all the apps maintenance and allows users/developers to focus on the
features of the application.
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Microsoft Azure:

To enable .NET developers to extend their applications into the cloud, Microsoft has created a set of
.NET services, which it now refers to as the Windows Azure Platform.

Azure includes:

1. Azure AppFabric: A virtualization service. That creates an application hosting environment.

2. Storage: A high capacity non-relational storage facility.
3. Compute: A set of virtual machine instances.
4. SQL Azure Database: A cloud-enabled version of SQL Server.
5. Dallas: A database marketplace based on SQL Azure Database code.
6. Dynamic CRM: An xRM (Anything Relations Management) service based on Microsoft
Dynamics.
7. SharePoint Services: A document and collaboration service based on SharePoint.
8. Windows Live Services: A collection of services that runs on Windows Live, which can be used in
applications that run in the Azure cloud.
Windows Azure Platform can be viewed in a sense as the next Microsoft operating system, the first one
that is a cloud OS.

Azure is Microsoft's Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Web hosting service and Platform as a Service
both.

An application on Azure architecture can run locally, run in the cloud, or some combination of both.

Applications on Azure can be run as applications, as background processes or services, or as both.

Six main elements are part of Windows Azure:

1. Application: This is the runtime of the application that is running in the cloud.
2. Compute: This is the load-balanced Windows server computation and policy engine that allows
you to create and manage virtual machines that serve either in a Web role and a Worker role.
3. Storage: This is a non-relational storage system for large-scale storage.
4. Fabric: This is the Windows Azure Hypervisor, which is a version of Hyper-V that runs on
Windows Server 2008.
5. Config: This is a management service.
6. Virtual machines: These are instances of Windows that run the applications and services that are
part of a particular deployment.
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Case Study of Haddop

Hadoop is an open-source java-based software framework sponsored by the Apache Software

Foundation for distributed storage and distributed processing of very large data sets on computer clusters
built from commodity hardware.

It provides storage for big data at reasonable cost. Hadoop process big data in a single place as in a
storage cluster doubling as a compute cluster.

Hadoop Architecture and Components:

Apache Hadoop consist of two major parts:

1. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

2. MapReduce
1. Hadoop Distributed File System:

HDFS is a file system or storage layer of Hadoop. It can store data and can handle very large amount of
data.

When capacity of file is large then it is necessary to partition it. And the file systems manage the storage
across a network of machine are called distributed file systems.

An HDFS cluster has two types of node operating in a master-worker pattern- Name Node and No. of
Data Nodes.

Hadoop keep data safe by duplicating data across nodes.

2. MapReduce:

MapReduce is a programming framework. It organize multiple computers in a cluster in order to perform

the calculations. It takes care of distributing the work between computers and putting results together.

Hadoop works in a Master-Worker / Master-slave fashion:-

1. Master:
Master contains Name node and Job tracker components.

1. Name node: It holds information about all the other nodes in the Hadoop Cluster, files in the
cluster, blocks of files, their locations etc.
2. Job tracker: It keeps track of the individual tasks assigned to each of the nodes and coordinates
the exchange of information and result.
2. Worker:
Worker contains Task tracker and Data node components.

1. Task Tracker: It is responsible for running the task assigned to it.

2. Data node: It is responsible for holding the data.
Other components of Hadoop architecture are : -Chukwa, Hive, HBase, Mahoutetc.

Characteristics of Hadoop:

1. Hadoop provides a reliable shared storage(HDFS) and analysis system (Map Reduce).
2. Hadoop is highly scalable. It can contain thousands of servers.
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3. Hadoop works on the principles of write once and read multiple times.
4. Hadoop is highly flexible, can process both structured as well as unstructured data.
Amazon Web Services:

Amazon.com is one of the most important and heavily trafficked Web sites in the world.

In 2006, Amazon.com made its Web service platform available to developers on a usage-basis model.

Amazon Web Services is based on SOA standards including,

 HTTP
 REST
 SOAP transfer protocols
 Open source and commercial operating systems
 Application servers
 Browser based access, etc.
AWS provides pay per use service.

Amazon.com services represent the largest pure IaaS.

Amazon web service components and services:

1. Amazon Elastic Computer Cloud (EC2): It enables the creation, use, and management of virtual private
servers running the Linux or Windows operating system over a Xen hypervisor.

Some tools to support EC2 services are:

1. Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS): Is transaction system for distributed Internet-based
applications.
2. Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS): Is a Web service that can publish messages from an
application and deliver them to other applications or subscribers.
3. Amazon CloudWatch: It is used to monitor the EC2. It provides a console or command line view
of resource utilization. Amazon CloudWatch support to enable Auto Scaling feature.
4. Elastic Load Balancing: The Load Balancing feature can detect when an instance is failing and
reroute traffic to a healthy instance
2. Amazon Simple Storage System (S3): It is an online backup and storage system.

3. Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS): It is a system for creating virtual disks (volume) or block level
storage devices that can be used for Amazon Machine Instances in EC2.

4. Amazon SimpleDB: It is a structured data store that supports indexing and data queries to both EC2
and S3.

5. Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS): It allows you to create instances of the MySQL database
to support your Web sites and the many applications that rely on data-driven services.

6. Amazon CloudFront: It is an edge-storage or content-delivery system that caches data in different

physical locations so that user access to data is enhanced through faster data transfer speeds and lower
latency.

7. Alexa Web Information SErvice and Alexa Top Sites: These are two services that collect and expose
information about the structure and traffic patterns of Web sites.
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8. Amazon Associates Web Services (A2S): It is the machinery for interacting with Amazon's vast product
data and eCommerce catalog function.

9. Amazon DevPay: It is a billing and account management service that can be used by businesses that
run applications on top of AWS.

10. Amazon Elastic MapReduce: It is an interactive data analysis tool for performing indexing, data
mining, file analysis, log file analysis, machine learning, financial analysis, and scientific and
bioinformatics research.

11. Amazon Mechanical Turk: It is a means for accessing human researchers or consultants to help solve
problems on a contractual or temporary basis.

12. AWS Multi-Factor Authentication (AWS MFA): It is a special feature that uses an authentication
device you have in your possession to provide access to your AWS account settings.

13. Amazon Flexible Payments Service (FPS): It is a payments-transfer infrastructure that provides
access for developers to charge Amazon's customers for their purchases.

14. Amazon Fulfillment Web Services (FWS): It allows merchants to fill orders through Amazon.com
fulfillment service, with Amazon handling the physical delivery of items on the merchant's behalf

15. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC): It provides a bridge between a company's existing network and
the AWS cloud.
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ANEKA:
Aneka is the product of Manjarasoft.

Aneka is used for developing, deploying and managing cloud capplications.

Aneka can be integrated with existing cloud technologies.

Aneka includes extensible set of APIs associated with programming models like MapReduce.

These APIs supports different types of cloud models like private, public, hybrid cloud.

Aneka framework:

Aneks is a software platform for developing cloud computing applications.

In Aneka cloud applications are executed.

Aneka is a pure PaaS solution for cloud computing.

Aneka is a cloud middleware product.

Aneks can be deployed on a network of computers, a multicore server, datacenters, virtual cloud
infrastructures, or a mixture of these.
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Aneka framework overview

Aneka container can be classified into three major categories:

1. Fabric Services
2. Foundation Services
3. Application Services
1. Fabric services:
Fabric Services define the lowest level of the software stack representing the Aneka Container. They
provide access to the resource-provisioning subsystem and to the monitoring facilities implemented in
Aneka.

2. Foundation services:
Fabric Services are fundamental services of the Aneka Cloud and define the basic infrastructure
management features of the system. Foundation Services are related to the logical management of the
distributed system built on top of the infrastructure and provide supporting services for the execution of
distributed applications.

3. Application services:
Application Services manage the execution of applications and constitute a layer that differentiates
according to the specific programming model used for developing distributed applications on top of
Aneka.