Energy Conservation and Management: October 2023

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ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
Conference Paper · October 2023
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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:05/May-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

Mohini Sawarkar1, Atharwa Borkar2, Benson Anthony3,
Deepti Pankaj4, Onas Choudhary5
1Prof. Mohini Sawarkar, Instrumentation Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India.
2Mr. Atharwa Borkar, Instrumentation Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India.
3Mr. Benson Anthony, Instrumentation Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India.
4Mrs. Deepti pankaj, Instrumentation Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India.
5Mr. Onas Choudhary, Instrumentation Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
If the guidelines are followed, energy management and audits save money and energy for businesses. The aim
of audit reports is to promote implementation and proper and effective energy usage. Resource management
and utilization that is efficient may be a good source of energy for customers. The aim of writing an energy
report is to improve the customer's energy usage and reduce their energy costs. This paper provides a brief
overview of energy auditing and management, as well as related terminology.
Energy Audit, Energy Management, Energy Conservation Act, ISO certification, and Energy Assessment are
some of the terms used in this article.
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy is one of the most important inputs for any country's economic development. In the case of developing
countries, the energy sector is critical because of the ever-increasing energy needs that necessitate massive
investments to meet them. The primary concept of energy management is to generate goods and provide
product at the cheapest possible cost while getting the least possible impact on the environment. Energy
management can be described by Cape Hart, Turner, and Kennedy as "the selective and effective use of energy
to maximize profits (minimize costs) and achieve greater positions. "It is also defined as "the strategy of
adjusting and optimizing energy, willing to employ methods and processes to reduce energy needs per unit of
output while maintaining or decreasing total cost to produce the output from these systems."
The key to a systematic approach to decision making in the field of energy management is an energy audit. It
managed to create total energy inputs with it and serves to identify all energy streams in a facility. It quantifies
power consumption by the use of discrete tasks.
Energy management in the form of implementing new energy efficiency technologies, new materials, and new
manufacturing processes, as well as the use of new technologies in business and industry equipment and
supplies, is also assisting companies in improving growth and enhancing product or service quality. When
businesses decide to buy new equipment, implement new processes, or use new high-tech resources, energy
savings are not always the primary motivator. However, the combination of increased productivity, improved
quality, lower environmental emissions, and lower energy costs provides a compelling incentive for companies
and organizations to adopt these new technologies.
ENERGY AUDIT CONCEPT AND PURPOSE
Energy audit is a process of surveying, evaluating, and interpreting the financial and physical events processes
of corporations and other increased units in accordance with relevant government regulations and power
saving standards. Energy audits are carried out by energy utilization units, their regulatory bodies, or entrusted
specialist organizations. An energy audit is a scientific method of energy management. Its main content consists
of objectively inspecting the energy efficiency, energy usage level, and financial advantage of the energy unit, as
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well as suggesting energy-saving measures for energy-using units through statistical analysis, inspection
testing, and diagnostic evaluation.
The goals of an energy audit are to investigate problems and weaknesses in energy use, to tap energy-saving
potential, to provide corrective measures, and to develop energy-saving goals and plans by inspecting,
examining, diagnosing, and evaluating the enterprise energy management level, energy consumption situation,
energy consumption index, financial process, and comprehensive utilization of energy. The main goal of an
energy audit is to encourage businesses to save energy, chop production costs, and boost economic benefit.
[3]
ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT 2001-
The Energy Conservation Act 2001 was passed by Parliament in October 2001.
1) This Act establishes a legal framework for the effective use as well as conservation of energy.
2) Except for the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the Act applies to the entire country of India.
3) According to the Act, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was established in March 2002.
4) The Act designates a subset of electricity consumers as designated consumers for the purposes of the
legislation.
It gives Central Government the authority to:

1) Any designated consumer must have an energy audit executed by an accredited / certified energy auditor.
2) A direct designated consumer must appoint an energy Manager, who will be in responsible of energy
conservation tasks.
3) Establish minimum requirements for the appointment of energy managers.
AUDITING PROCEDURE:
An energy audit consists of several tasks which can be accomplished depending on the type of inspection, as
well as the size and function of the verified facility.
1) Establish the organization's energy consumption.
2) Calculate the amount of money that can be saved.
3) Determine immediate (especially no- or low-cost) improvements/savings.
4) Create a 'reference point'.
5) Determine which areas require more in-depth investigation/measurement.
6) The preliminary energy audit makes use of data that is already available or can be easily obtained.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AN ENERGY AUDIT:

During the audit visit, the auditor must take some measurements in order to obtain the best information for a
successful energy cost control program. The quantity of equipment required is determined by the type of
energy-consuming equipment used at the facility.
1) Light meter-The light meter, which is used to measure illumination levels in facilities, is a simple and useful
instrument. A light meter that reads in foot candles allows for direct analysis of lighting systems and
comparison with the Illuminating Engineering Society's recommended light levels.
2) Voltmeter-A low-cost voltmeter is useful for determining operating voltages on electrical equipment,
especially when the nameplate has worn off or is otherwise unreadable or missing.
3) For determining the power consumption and power factor of individual motors and other inductive devices,
a portable hand-held wattmeter and power factor meter is very useful.

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II. METHODOLOGY FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
The following methods were adopted and carried out this experiment in order to achieve certain values:
1. Collection of Data from College, Instrumentation department
During the preliminary data collection process, large amount of data collection was carried out using various
instrumentation and then investigating the architecture, its orientation, and the form of lighting and air
conditioning used in this Instrumentation Engineering department.
The following steps were considered for data collection process:
 In some cases, the power usage of appliances was measured using a power analyzer, while in others,
rated power was used.
 Visual inspection was done to verify insulation in the case of air conditioning and refrigerator.
 In places where there was a lack of detail, approximations data were considered.
2. Analyzed the Data
The collected data was carefully examined. The graphical representations were created by the database for
better understanding. The data from the power consumption measurements was analyzed to determine the
power consumption flow as well as the locations where electric power is wasted.
The following steps were considered for data collection process:
 The database was examined further, and the findings were depicted graphically. This resulted in
identifying the areas with the greatest potential for energy savings.
3. The used equipment rating compared it with low rating equipment
In order to understand the energy consumption of all the types of equipment used in the department a
comparison was made. And finding ways to reduce the energy bills.
For comparison of equipment’s, the following steps were followed:
 When the low rating equipment’s was searched we make sure that it has a better life cycle and cost of
maintenance is low.
4. Recommendation
Some measures for reducing power consumption without affecting the comfort and satisfaction were
recommended, based on the results of data analysis and observations. By following the BEE (Bureau of Energy
Efficiency) Guidelines.
Steps involved in this process are:
 It was calculated the capital cost of replacing an appliance and operation.
 The transfer can be justified if the capital cost recovery period is shorter than the product life.
III. CASE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Energy Performance Assessments of various electrical utility equipment are now being completed. This
assessment will reveal how we can save energy in different equipment.
So to understand more the survey was conducted to a department of an Engineering College, and try to find
ways to conserve it. Table 1 represent the data of Energy Consumption of Equipment’s for per hour and per
day.
The reading was taken on the basis of observation and assumption. From the observation we decided to take
the lists of equipment’s whose consumption’s was more and usage was in demand. In table 1 all the
equipment’s detail was taken by the specified rating’s given by the manufacturer and while some where
measured using instruments. The department's load measurements are considered by taking into account all of
the machinery that runs on electricity. Then total number of different equipment’s were counted and multiplied
it with the rating to get the total connected load (Watts) for each specific equipment’s. Then the total load of
each equipment is divided by 1000 to convert it from Watts to kilowatts for per hour (kWh) to understand how
much units is consumed for an hour by the total of each equipment. From the observation we assumed that the
college department operates for 8 hours (from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM) for weekdays so, from that we assumed
that for how much hours the appliances operates for each day. To find out how much units is consumed for a
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day by considering total of each equipment so, multiply the units per hour with the number of operating hours
after that we get the total units of each day. From this observation we can understand the energy consumption
for each day by the equipment’s listed. To understand the Table 1 in a simpler way graphical bar graph is added
in Figure 1.
Table 1: Energy Consumption of Equipment’s per day
Total
Connected No. of units(kWh *
No. of Rating of Load Units(per hours(per No. of
Equipment’s equipment Equipment(Watts) (Watts) hour)kWh day) Hours)
Tube Lights 65 36W 2,340 2.34 8 18.72
Fans 90 74W 6,660 6.66 8 53.28
Monitor 69 360W 24,840 24.48 6 146.88
CPU 69 600W 41,400 41.4 6 248.4
Printer 9 315W 2,835 2.835 3 8.505
Scanner 1 4.2W 4.2 0.0042 1 0.0042
Projector 2 16W 32 0.032 4 0.128
Air
Conditioner 4 1970W 7,880 7.88 6 47.28
Fridge 1 253W 253 0.253 12 3.036
526.2332
Total 86244.2 W kWh
Energy Consumption of Equipment's per

hour
Units(per day)kWhr
Fridge 0.253
Air Conditioner 47.28
Projector 0.128
Scanner 0.0042
Printer 8.505
CPU 248.4
Monitor 146.88
Fans 53.28
Tube Lights 18.72
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Figure 1: Graphical representation of table 1
In Table 1 only a day of energy consumptions or units was calculated so, to calculate how much charges have to
be paid for the total units in a month (31 days) have been shown in Table 2. In table 2 no holidays were

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considered excluding Sunday was considered has holiday. And on Saturday the college was running only for 4
hours (From 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM) so, there
were 4 Saturday in a month. So, only for Saturday consumption hours have reduced. By considering all those
basis total units for each equipment’s as well as for the department have been shown in table 2.
Table 2: Energy Consumption of Equipment’s in a month (31 days)
No. of hours(per No. of hours used in Units(per Total units(kWh *

Equipment’s day) a month(31 days) hour)kWh No. of Hours)
Tube Lights 8 200 2.34 468
Fans 8 200 6.66 1332
Monitor 6 154 24.48 3769.92
CPU 6 154 41.4 6375.6
Printer 3 85 2.835 240.975
Scanner 1 39 0.0042 0.1638
Projector 4 108 0.032 3.456
Air Conditioner 6 154 7.88 1213.52
Fridge 12 292 0.253 73.876
Total 13477.5108 kWh

In figure 2 total energy consumption of the department for 1 month have been shown in graphical
representation. To understand in simpler way. And in figure 3, unit consumption for each equipment has been
shown.
Total Energy Consumption for 1 month

600
500
400
Unit's (kWhr)
300
200 Unit's
Consume
d
100
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
31 Day's (1 month)
Figure 2: Total Energy Consumption for 1 Month (31 days)

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Energy Consumption of Equipment's per

month
Units consumed(kWhr)
Fridge 73.876
Projector 3.456
Scanner 0.1638
Printer 240.975
CPU 6375.6
Monitor 3769.92
Fans 1332
Tube Lights 468
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Figure 3: Energy Consumption of Equipment’s per Month
The table 3 has considered as a reference value. The data is available in the Maharashtra State Electricity
Distribution.
Table 3: Tariff charges from 1 April, 202 to 31 March, 2021 [1]
Consumption Slab Energy Charges
(kWh) (Rs/kWh)
<20 kW 4.86
>20 - < 50kW 7.44
>50 kW 7.84
From the table 3 on the basis of consumption slab and charges the table 2 total unit was taken to find out how
much rupees will be charged. So in table 4 the charges for each equipment’s has been shown. This table 4 and
figure 4 is very important to know how much chargers has to be paid if electrical energy is not conserved and
managed it properly. So in next topic the electricity energy conservation or savings is explained.
Table 4: Energy Charges in rupees for each equipment
Total units(kWh * No. Energy Charges

Equipment’s of Hours) (Rs/kWh)
Tube Lights 468 3669.12
Fans 1332 10442.88
Monitor 3769.92 29556.172
CPU 6375.6 49984.704
Printer 240.975 1889.244

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Scanner 0.1638 0.796
Projector 3.456 16.796
Air Conditioner 1213.52 9513.996
Fridge 73.876 579.187
Total 13477.5108 105652.895 RS
Energy Charge of each Equipment's per

month(Rs)
Energy Charges (Rs/kWh)
Fridge 579.187
Projector 16.796
Scanner
Equipments
0.796
Printer 1889.244
CPU 49984.704
Monitor 29556.172
Fans 10442.88
Tube Lights 3669.12
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Rupees
Figure 4: Energy Charge of rupees for each equipment’s per month

Energy Conservation/ Savings
To use energy efficiently more and find ways to reach the goal. By implementing the low power rating modern
equipment with the same comfort level without reducing the satisfaction of the user.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has implement new rules for standards and labeling of different
equipment. From this the consumer can understand the energy performance of the appliances and cost saving
potential of the equipment. [2]
1. Replacing Tube lights with LED
Energy consumption of single LED:
LED consumption = 20 W
Lumens = 2000
Number of LED = 65
Energy Consumption of total LED (for 1 hour):
Connected Load Total = 20 * 65 = 1300 Watt ÷ 1000 = 1.3 kWh
Energy Consumption of total LED (for 1 day):
1.3 * 8 = 10.4 kWh
Monthly Energy Consumption of total LED (31 days):
1.3 * 200 (No. of hours) = 260 kWh
Monthly Energy cost of all LED lightings

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260 * 7.84 = 2038.4 Rs
After implementing monthly savings is:
3669.12 – 2038.4 = 1630.72 Rs
Cost of per LED as well as installation = 500 Rs
Total cost of all LED as well as installation:
500 * 65 = 32,500 Rs
So if the payback period as to be calculated:
32,500/1630.72 = 20 months
2. Replacing old fans with advanced energy efficiency BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motor
fans
Energy consumption of single BLDC motor fans:
Consumption = 32 Watts
Number of fans = 90
Energy Consumption of total fans (for 1 hour):
Energy Consumption of total fans (for 1 day):
2.88 * 8 = 23.04 kWh
Monthly Energy Consumption of total fans (for31 days):
2.88 * 200 (No. of hours) = 576 kWh
Monthly Energy cost of all fans
576 * 7.84 = 4515.84 Rs
10442.88 – 4515.84 = 5927.04 Rs
Cost of per BLDC fans as well as installation = 3,800 Rs
Total cost of all fans as well as installation:
3,800 * 90 = 3,42,000 Rs
3,42,000/5927.04 = 58 months
3. Replacing Monitor, CPU with All in One Desktop
Energy consumption of single All in One Desktop:

Desktop consumption = 45 Watts
Number of Desktop = 69
Energy Consumption of total Desktop (for 1 hour):
Energy Consumption of total Desktop (for 1 day):
3.105 * 6 = 18.63 kWh
Monthly Energy Consumption of total Desktop (31 days):
3.105 * 154 (No. of hours) = 478.17 kWh
Monthly Energy cost of all Desktop:
478.17 * 7.84 = 3748.85 Rs

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29556.172+49984.704 (Monitor and CPU) = 79540.876 – 3748.85 = 75792.026 Rs
Cost of per Desktop as well as installation = 24,000 Rs
Total cost of all Desktop as well as installation:
24,000 * 69 = 16,56,000 Rs
16,56,000/75792.026 = 22 months
4. Replacing 3 star with 5star Air Conditioner (1 Ton)

Power consumption = 975 W
Number of Air Conditioner = 4
Energy Consumption of total Air Conditioner (for 1 hour):
Monthly Energy Consumption of 4 air conditioner (for31 days):
3.9 * 154 (No. of hours) = 600.6 kWh
Monthly Energy cost of all Air Conditioner
600.6 * 7.84 = 4708.704 Rs
9513.996 – 4708.704 = 4805.292 Rs
Cost of per air conditioner as well as installation = 31,000 Rs
Total cost of all air conditioner as well as installation:
31,000 * 4 = 1,24,000 Rs
1,24,000/4805.292 = 25 months
5. Replacing the 185 Liter old fridge with 190 Liter 3-star fridge
Number of Fridge = 1
Energy Consumption of total Air Conditioner (for 1 hour):
Monthly Energy Consumption of fridge (for31 days):
0.168 * 292 (No. of hours) = 49.05 kWh
Monthly Energy cost of fridge
49.05 * 7.44 = 364.97 Rs
579.187 – 364.97 = 214.21 Rs
Cost of a fridge as well as installation = 15,000 Rs
15,000/214.21 = 70 months.
6. Replacing Scanner and Ink cartridge printer with All in One ink jet printer
Number of All in One ink jet printer = 9
Energy Consumption of total printer (for 1 hour):
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Monthly Energy Consumption of printer (for31 days):
0.648 * 85 (No. of hours) = 55.08 kWh
Monthly Energy cost of printer
55.08 * 4.86 = 267.688 Rs
1889.244 – 267.688 = 1621.55 Rs
Cost of all printer as well as installation = 11,400 Rs
11,400/1621.55 = 7 months.
By investing and implementing this new modern technologies, and following the BEE standard rules and
regulations no penalty charges has to be paid and reduce the billing charges. Even at the same comfort level
consumer can satisfy their daily activities and department can save money.
Above all the new low power rating equipment’s with more advancement have been calculated and shown the
payback period. So to get idea and implement those specified equipment’s according to the department budget
and most important use the energy efficiently.
Comparison of old units and new units of each equipment’s.
Table 5: Comparison of old equipment unit versus new equipment units
No. of hours used in Old equipment’s New equipment’s

Equipment’s a month(31 days) units(kWh * No. of Hours) units(kWh * No. of Hours)
Tube Lights 200 468 260
Fans 200 1332 576
Monitor 154
CPU 154 3769.92+6375.6 = 10145.52 478.17
Printer 85
Scanner 39 240.975+0.1638 = 241.13 55.08
Projector 108 3.456 3.456
Air Conditioner 154 1213.52 600.6
Fridge 292 73.876 49.05
Total 13477.5108 kWh 2022.356 kWh

In the table 5 the new each equipment’s data have been considered from the manufactured rating and
calculated the consumption units for each months has explained in energy conservation topic. The goal was to
reach the consumption units as low as possible for each equipment without effecting the consumer demand. By
this conservation for electrical energy process can be made in progress by implementing this technique’s and
finding new ways.
In figure 5 the comparison table 5 have been presented in graphical chart. It will be easy to understand and find
more solution and manage it properly. Managing data and energy for every day for further development of the
department.

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Comparison of two different equipment's units for 1 month

12000
10000
8000
6000
Units kWh
4000
2000
0
Tube Lights Fans Monitor & CPU Printer & Projector Air Conditioner Fridge
Scanner
Equipment's
Old equipment New equipment
Figure 5: Comparison of old and new equipment’s units

IV. CONCLUSION
By this survey the department energy usage was calculated on the basis of assumption. And then it was able to
find the approximate how much energy can be conserved by the department. By appropriate design of
department, the lighting and ventilation can reduce the electrical consumption to 20%. The payback period and
life cycle of the equipment can be covered up in the future. So to create awareness not just in the department
but also in the society. By following the guidelines of Bureau of Energy Efficiency and implementing new ideas
and managing it properly and sharing those ideas to the society. Can prevent the electrical energy crisis in the
future.
V. REFERENCE
[1] https://www.mahadiscom.in/consumer/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/Commercial_Circular_for_MYT_Order-3.pdf
[2] https://beeindia.gov.in/content/standards-labeling
[3] https://beeindia.gov.in/sites/default/files/The%20Energy%20Conservation%20Act%2Cchp1.pdf
[4] Biswajit Biswas, Sujoy Mukherjee, Aritra Ghosh, “ Conservation of Energy: a case study on Energy
Conservation in Campus Lighting in an Institution” International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research ISSN: 2249-6645, Vol.3, Issue.4, Jul – Aug. 2013
[5] Energy Management Handbook by Wayne C. Turner.

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ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

Conference Paper · October 2023

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

It gives Central Government the authority to:

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AN ENERGY AUDIT:

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Fans 90 74W 6,660 6.66 8 53.28

Monitor 69 360W 24,840 24.48 6 146.88

CPU 69 600W 41,400 41.4 6 248.4

Printer 9 315W 2,835 2.835 3 8.505

Scanner 1 4.2W 4.2 0.0042 1 0.0042

Projector 2 16W 32 0.032 4 0.128

Fridge 1 253W 253 0.253 12 3.036

Energy Consumption of Equipment's per

Figure 1: Graphical representation of table 1

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

No. of hours(per No. of hours used in Units(per Total units(kWh *

Fans 8 200 6.66 1332

Monitor 6 154 24.48 3769.92

CPU 6 154 41.4 6375.6

Printer 3 85 2.835 240.975

Scanner 1 39 0.0042 0.1638

Projector 4 108 0.032 3.456

Air Conditioner 6 154 7.88 1213.52

Fridge 12 292 0.253 73.876

Total 13477.5108 kWh

Total Energy Consumption for 1 month

Figure 2: Total Energy Consumption for 1 Month (31 days)

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Energy Consumption of Equipment's per

Figure 3: Energy Consumption of Equipment’s per Month

>20 - < 50kW 7.44

Total units(kWh * No. Energy Charges

Fans 1332 10442.88

Monitor 3769.92 29556.172

CPU 6375.6 49984.704

Printer 240.975 1889.244

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Scanner 0.1638 0.796

Projector 3.456 16.796

Air Conditioner 1213.52 9513.996

Fridge 73.876 579.187

Total 13477.5108 105652.895 RS

Energy Charge of each Equipment's per

Figure 4: Energy Charge of rupees for each equipment’s per month

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3. Replacing Monitor, CPU with All in One Desktop

Energy consumption of single All in One Desktop:

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4. Replacing 3 star with 5star Air Conditioner (1 Ton)

No. of hours used in Old equipment’s New equipment’s

Fans 200 1332 576

CPU 154 3769.92+6375.6 = 10145.52 478.17

Scanner 39 240.975+0.1638 = 241.13 55.08

Projector 108 3.456 3.456

Air Conditioner 154 1213.52 600.6

Fridge 292 73.876 49.05

Total 13477.5108 kWh 2022.356 kWh

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Comparison of two different equipment's units for 1 month

Figure 5: Comparison of old and new equipment’s units