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Food and its sources

Q. Define the term food.
Answer: Eatables taken by human beings and animals which provide them energy
for various activities, for growth and good health, are called food.
Q. What do you mean by food habit?
Answer: The habit of an individual owing to which it takes a particular type of food
depending on its taste and availability is called food habit.
Q. Define the term ingredients.
Answer: The materials that are needed to prepare a particular type of dish are called
ingredients.
Q.Explain the importance of food for living organisms.
Answer:Food is needed by all living organisms for the following reasons:
1. It provides us energy to do various activities.
2. It helps in growth.
3. It helps in repair and replacement of damaged parts of the body.
4. It protects us from infections and diseases.
Q.Whether plants or animals give us more varieties of food? Explain.
Answer:We know that animals give us meat, eggs, milk, honey and few other
varieties of food only. On the other hand, plants provide us a large variety of food.
For example, cereals, pulses, fruits, oil, fats, vegetables, sugar and a large number
of other products. Thus, we can conclude that plants give us more varieties of food.
Q.Why should we eat cooked food?
Answer:Cooked food is easily digested by our body. It also kills harmful germs.
Cooking increases the taste of the food. That is why we should prefer cooked food.
Q.Write the food habits of the people in Tamil Nadu and Punjab.
Answer: Tamil Nadu: Idli, Dosa, Sambhar, Banana Chips, Coconut oil, etc.
Punjab: Lassi, Paratha, Pulses, Chapatis, etc.
Q.Name the animals which provide us milk.
Answer:Some important animals that give us milk are cow, buffalo, goat and camel.
Q.Name the animals which give us meat.
Answer:Some important meat giving animals are goat, sheep and pig.
Q.Name some other animals that give us food.
Answer:Besides milk and meat, animals give us useful food products. For example:
Birds like chicken, fowl and ducks give us eggs and meat.
Fish provides us meat.
Bees provide us honey.
Q.What are the two main sources of food?
Answer:The two main sources of food are:
Plants: We get fruits, vegetables, pulses, etc., from plants.
Animals: We get milk, eggs, meat, etc., from animals.
Q.Name two sugar producing plants.
Answer:The two sugar producing plants are:
Sugarcane and Sugar beet.
Q.Write the names of the plants that provide us:
Answer: Various types of food given by plants are as follows:
Vegetables: Tomato, cabbage, spinach, potato, etc.
Fruits: Banana, grapes, apple, etc.
Cereals or grains: Rice, wheat, barley, ragi, etc.
Pulses: Gram, pea, beans, etc.
Oil or fat: Mustard, groundnut, sunflower, etc.
Q..Write the names of some more edible parts of the plants.
Answer: Generally we eat fruits of many plants.
Besides fruits, we also eat flowers, leaves, roots, rhizomes and stem of some plants.
Various edible parts of plants with some examples are listed below:
Edible part of plants Examples
1. Roots Beet, Carrot, Sweet potato, Radish, etc.
2. Stem Onion, Potato, Ginger, Sugarcane, etc.
3. Leaves Spinach, Soya-methi, Bathua, etc.
4. Flowers Cauliflower
5. Seeds Mustard, Sweet pea, Lotus, Groundnut
6. Fruits Banana, Mango, Apple, etc.

Q.What is honey? What is its importance?

Answer:A sweet substance (liquid) prepared by bees from the nectar, i.e., sweet
juice collected from flowers, is called honey.
Honey consists of water, sugar, minerals and enzymes. It is easily digestible, and
used in medicines as an antiseptic (which destroys the growth of microorganisms).

Q.From where does honey come? How is it produced and collected?

Answer:We get honey from honey bees.
Production of honey: Honey bees develop their nests called hives on tall trees and
buildings. Bee workers collect nectar from flowers and store in container. The honey
bees are also reared in artificial hives.
Extraction of honey: Honey is extracted from bee hives either manually or with the of
an artificial help extractor.
Apiculture is the act of rearing honeybees.
Q.Define sprouted seeds.
Answer:The germinating seeds at the initial stage when a white structure grows out
from the seed (radicle) are called sprouted seeds.
Q.Explain the terms:
1. Herbivores: Animals which eat only the plants or the plant products like
fruits, flowers, seeds, nectar, etc., are called herbivores. For example, deer,
cow, rat, etc.
2. Carnivores: Animals which eat other animals are called carnivores. For
example, tiger, lion, etc.
3. Omnivores: Animals which eat both plants and their products as well as
other animals are called omnivores. For example, human beings, cat, crow,
etc.
Q .What is the difference between saprophytes and decomposers?
Saprophytes and decomposers are both types of organisms that play a crucial role
in the decomposition of organic matter.
Saprophytes are organisms that obtain their food by feeding on dead or decaying
organic matter. This organic matter can be derived from plants, animals, or other
organisms. Some common examples of saprophytes include fungi and certain
bacteria.
Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organic matter into
simpler compounds. This process of decomposition is essential for the recycling of
nutrients in an ecosystem. Examples of decomposers include fungi, bacteria, and
certain types of insects.
Q. Differences between Saprophytes and Decomposers.
Mode of nutrition
Role in ecosystem
Type of organisms
Saprophytes
Saprophytes obtain their
nutrition by feeding on dead
organic matter
Saprophytes play an
important role in breaking
down dead organic matter
and recycling nutrients in
an ecosystem
Saprophytes are typically
fungi and bacteria
Decomposers
decomposers break
down dead organic
matter into simpler
compounds
Decomposers are
essential for the
process of
decomposition, which
is necessary for the
cycling of nutrients
in an ecosystem
decomposers can
include fungi, bacteria,
and insects

Q.What do you know about vegetarian and non-vegetarian habits?

Answer: Man is omnivorous, i.e., he can feed on both plants and animals. But due to
some religious or traditional reasons some people strictly avoid the food containing
meat, fish, egg, etc., while some have no hesitation to have such food stuffs. On this
basis, there are two types of food habits found in our society:
1. Vegetarian – people who do not eat meat, fish, egg, etc.
2. Non-vegetarian – people who eat meat, fish, egg, etc.
Q.Define Scavengers, Parasites with examples.
Answer: Scavengers: Some carnivores and omnivores eat dead animals. They help
in cleaning our surroundings. For example: crow, jackal, hyena, etc.
Parasites: These are some very small animals which live on or inside other animals
and get their food from them. For example: fleas, leeches, mosquitoes, bed-bugs,
etc.
Q.What are known as ‘energy rich food’?
Answer:Cereals are known as ‘energy rich food’. For example: rice, wheat, jowar,
maize, etc.
Q.One day you were busy from morning to evening. You couldn’t have your
lunch. How did you feel? Elaborate your experience.
Answer:One day because of heavy load of work during the day, I could not have my
lunch and at the end of the day, I felt very tired, and exhausted. I was too weak to do
work. The hunger was in alarming condition.
Q Define -
Apiculture is the act of rearing honeybees.
Pisciculture is a process of growing fish and selling it or using its products for
domestic or commercial use
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds
such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food.
Milch animals-Milk-producing animals are known as milch animals e.g. cows,
buffaloes and goats.
Q.Suppose one of your friends had only one chapati, some rice and one bowl
of pulses for his daily meal. Do you think that by eating such meal he can work
and play whole day?
Answer:No, his diet is not complete. This food is not enough to provide sufficient
energy required by him. He will not be able to work and play for the whole day
because he will soon get tired due to lack of energy.
Q .Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
1. We feel …………….. when we have no food for some time.
2. ……………. living beings need food.
3. Children need food for ………………. .
4. If food is not given for long, most of the known living beings will ……………. .
5. We get ……………… after eating food.
6. Different organisms eat …………….. kinds of food.
7. Mustard ………………….. are used as spices and oil.
8. We get food from ………………… as well as animals.
9. We use ……………… energy when we run than when we walk.
10. We use ……………… energy when we sleep.
11. Each of us should make sure not to ……………… food.
12. Human beings are ……………. .
Answer:
1. weak
2. All
3. growth
4. die
5. energy
6. different
7. seeds
8. Plants
9. more
10. less
11. waste
12. omnivore