AKSARAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ

YABANCI DİLLER YÜKSEKOKULU

Yabancı Dil - II (Lisans)
2022-2023 Bahar Dönemi
2.Hafta
2 CONTENT ( İÇERİK)

Grammar:
Past Tense with Irregular Verbs
Could / Couldn’t
Vocabulary:
Irregular Verbs
Time expressions in Past Tense
Useful Language for Communication:
Talking about past time
  Parçayı okuyunuz.
3
Girls solve jigsaw puzzle and become rich!
One morning in December last year, schoolgirls Rachel Aumann and Maisie Balley were
on their way to school when they saw lots of pieces of paper on the ground. They
picked up some pieces and looked at them: they were tiny pieces of banknotes. But
where did they come from? Rachel and Maisie noticed a bag in the rubbish bin - it had
thousands of pieces of banknotes in it. The two 12-year-olds went to school and told
their teachers. Then, after school, they took the bag to the police station and handed in
the money.
The police kept the money for six month. During that time no owner asked for it, so the
police gave back the money to the girls. For the next few months the girls with
Rachel's stepfather, spent time every evening matching the numbers on the pieces, and
they put together a lot of the banknotes. They now have £1,200 in £10 notes, but they
think there's another £800 in the pieces of £5 and £20 notes. Whose money was it? The
girls have no idea, but they are happy that it belongs to them now! Rachel wants to
keep her money for when she goes to university, but Maisie wants to go shopping right
now!
4
EXERCISE-1: Parçayı okuyunuz ve verilen cümleleri parçaya göre doğru sıraya
koyunuz.

a)The police returned the banknotes to the girls. 4

b)They handed the the banknotes in to the police. 3
c)They noticed a bag in a bin, with thousands of banknotes in it. 2
d)The girls now have £1,200. 6
e)Rachel and Maisie were on their way to school. 1
f)The girls matched the pieces of £10 notes. 5
EXERCISE-2: Verilen cümlelerde boşluklara uygun fiilleri yerleştiriniz.

spent- had- kept- saw- put- took

1- Rachel Aumann and Maisie Balley saw lots of pieces of paper on the ground.
2- They noticed a bag in the rubbish bin -it had thousands of pieces of banknotes in it.
3- They took the bag to the police station and handed in the money.
4-The police kept the money for six month.
5- The girls spent time every evening matching the numbers on the pieces.
6- They put together a lot of the banknotes.
EXERCISE-3: Verilen fiilleri ‘2. halleri (Past Simple çekimleri)’ ile eşleştiriniz.

1- go a- took
1- d
2- give b- put 2- g
3- have c- spent 3- j
4- keep d- went 4- h
5- put e- saw 5- b
6- see f- told 6- e
7- c
7- spend g- gave
8- a
8- take h- kept
9- f
9- tell j- had
7 PAST SIMPLE

‘Past Simple’ yani Geçmiş Zaman, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve bitmiş
bir eylemi ya da durumu anlatmak için kullanılır.

I went shopping last Saturday, but I didn’t buy anything.

Geçmişte belirli bir süre devam etmiş ve bitmiş bir eylemi ya da durumu anlatmak
için kullanılır.

I stayed in the USA for two years when I was in high school.
8  Geçmişte belirli bir dönemde tekrarlanarak devam etmiş olayları ya da
geçmişte alışkanlık olarak yapılmış olan şeyleri anlatmak için kullanılır.

When I was on holiday, I got up at 10:00 every day.

While he was living in Amsterdam, he always rode his bike to work.

 Burada bahsettiğimiz eylemin bir alışkanlık olduğunu açıkça belirtmek için

cümlelerde ‘always’, ‘often’, ‘usually’ gibi zaman ifadeleri kullanılır.
He usually played basketball when he was a child.
9 FORM OF THE PAST SIMPLE (Irregular Verbs)

Geçmiş zamanda olumlu cümlelerde fiillerin ikinci hali kullanılır. Fiiller, geçmiş
zamanda iki gruba ayrılır: Düzenli fiiller (Regular verbs) ve Düzensiz Fiiller
(Irregular verbs). Düzenli fiillerin ikinci halini elde etmek için fiile ‘-ed’ takısı
eklenir.
play- played watch- watched listen- listened

Düzensiz fiillerde ise bu şekilde ortak bir kural yoktur. İşte tam da bu yüzden bu
ismi almışlardır. Düzensiz fiillerin yazılışlarında değişiklik olur ve bu şekilde ikinci
hallerini elde ederiz.
go- went eat- ate see- saw win- won
10
Examples:

- My sister and her husband came to my house for the weekend.

- The birds ate all of the bread.
- We flew from New York to Mexico City.
- I read that book last year. (/red/)
- Her sister sang a beautiful song at the party.
- I wrote him an email to explain why I couldn’t meet him.
- He told me a funny story.
- He fell off his bike and his friends took him to a doctor.
11
Affirmative statements (irregular verbs)
get up I got up at 7:00 today.
go He went to school yesterday.
teach She taught math for three years.

take They took a test this morning.

have We had a party last night.

► Geçmiş zamanda olumlu cümle kurarken fiilin düzenli mi düzensiz mi olduğunu bilmemiz
gerekir. Çünkü, ikinci halini çekimlerken buna göre yaparız. Düzensiz fiillerin bir listesi vardır
ve buradan onları öğrenmemiz gerekir.
12 ► Some Irregular Verbs

Base Form Meaning Past Simple

Be olmak was - were
Break kırmak - bozmak broke
Buy satın almak bought
Come gelmek came
Do yapmak did
Drink içmek drank
Drive araba sürmek drove
Eat yemek yemek ate
Find bulmak found
Get elde etmek - almak got
Give vermek gave
Go gitmek went
13
Have sahip olmak had
Hear duymak heard
Know bilmek knew
Leave ayrılmak - gitmek left
Make yapmak made
Put koymak put
Read /ri:d/ okumak read /red/
See Görmek saw
Speak konuşmak spoke
Tell söylemek told
Understand anlamak Understood
Wear giymek wore
Write yazmak wrote
14

Negative statements
He didn’t eat it. He didn’t ate it.
I didn’t go to the beach. I didn’t went to the beach.
They didn’t take a Spanish class last year. They didn’t took a Spanish class last year.

► Geçmiş zamanda olumsuz cümle kurarken dikkat etmemiz gereken şey şudur: Olumlu
cümlede yaptığımızı burada yapmamalıyız. Yani olumsuz cümlede fiilin ikinci hali
gerekmez. Yapmamız gereken ‘didn’t + V1(fiilin yalın hali)’ kullanmaktır. Olumsuz
cümlelerde kesinlikle fiilin ikinci hali kullanılmaz.
15 Yes/No questions Short Answers
Did you go swimming? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
Did she make a cake yesterday? Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t.
Did they have a good weekend? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

Wh- questions
Where did you stay during your holiday?
What did she do last night ?
What did they play with the children?

► Tıpkı olumsuz cümlelerde olduğu gibi soru cümlelerinde de fiilin yalın hali
(V1) kullanılır. ‘Did + özne + V1?’ kullanılmalıdır.
 TIME EXPRESSIONS FREQUENTLY USED IN PAST SIMPLE TENSE

16
Common Past Time Expressions Example Sentence Similar Expressions

yesterday I walked to work yesterday. yesterday morning

yesterday evening
yesterday afternoon
last night Kate went to the cinema last night. last week
last month
last year
one week ago David and his wife had a baby one one hour ago
(a specific period of time in the past) week ago. two days ago
five months ago
ten years ago
in 1990 Darren finished university in 1990. in 1970
(a specific point in the past) in March
in 17th century
when + subject + past tense verb Paul played basketball when he was a when John finished
(a specific period of time, event, or student. high school
point in the past) when I turned 18
 EXERCISE-4: Parantez içindeki fiilleri geçmiş zamana göre çekimleyip boşluklara
17 yerleştiriniz.

1- My dog slept (sleep) on my bed last night.

2- Our English course began (begin) three months ago.
3- The students took (take) an exam yesterday.
4- Mark paid (pay) for the meal in the restaurant.
5- You broke (break) my mobile phone.
6- We went (go) to Slovakia last year.
7- Marilyn had (wear) her new dress at the party.
8- I read (read) an interesting book last week.
9- I came (come) to England in 1993.
10- They did (do) their homework yesterday.
11- It took (take) three hours to drive to Paris.
12- Robert paid (pay) the bill before leaving the restaurant.
18 EXERCISE-5: Geçmiş zamanda olumsuz cümleler kurunuz.

1- They didn’t go (not/go) out last night.

2- He didn’t read not/read) that book last weekend.
3- Lucy didn’t meet (not/meet) her friends last week.
4- Emre and Serkan didn’t teach (not/teach) German at the university.
5- Mr. Bradley didn’t read (not/ read) the newspaper yesterday.
6- He didn’t understand (not/ understand) during the class.
7- We didn’t know (not/ know) the answer.
8- She didn’t tell (not/ tell) me that she lived in Toronto.
9- Serena didn’t drink (not/ drink) too much coffee yesterday.
10- My boss didn’t send (not/ send) me an e-mail earlier.
19 EXERCISE-6: Parantez içinde verilen fiilleri geçmiş zamanda çekimleyerek
boşlukları doldurunuz.

Yesterday morning, I (1) got up (get up) late. I (2) drank (drink) a cup of coffee. Then,
I (3) left (leave) the house and (4) ran (run) to the station. I missed the train, so I (5)
went (go) to the bus station. When the bus (6) came (come), it was full. So, I walked all
the way.
There’s a cafe outside my office. I (7) bought (buy) another cup of coffee there. Later, I
(8) told (tell) my boss why I was late. After all, I (9) began (begin) work very early this
morning.
 EXERCISE-7: Verilen ifadeleri doğru sıraya koyarak soru cümleleri oluşturunuz.
20
e.g. night / meet / Did / you / them / last ?
- Did you meet them last night?

1. film / like / you / did / the ?

Did you like the film?
2. you / many / did / ask / how / people ?
How many people did you ask?
3. a / have / time/ they / did / good ?
Did they have a good time?
4. did / weekend / the / what / do / you/ at ?
What did you do at the weekend?
5. she / DVD / where / that / did / buy ?
Where did she buy that DVD?
6. party / on / your / go / Saturday/ he / did / to ?
Did he come to your party on Saturday?
7. did / yesterday / who / you / see ?
Who did you see yesterday?
21 EXERCISE-8: Parantez içinde verilen fiilleri geçmiş zamanda çekimleyerek boşluklara
yerleştiriniz.

Robert Atkins, famous for the Atkins Diet, died yesterday aged 72 after a fall
in the street. Atkins, a doctor, studied at the University of Michigan. He (1)
became (become) quite fat after he left university and he tried different diets
to lose weight. He (2) thought (think) that people (3) had (have) problems
with weight because they (4) ate (eat) the wrong things, and he (5) wrote
(write) his first diet book in 1970. Not many people (6) bought (buy) the book
at first, but Atkins’s diet is now very popular and his books are bestseller.
22
EXERCISE-9: Verilen fiillerden anlamca uygun olanları geçmiş zamanda
çekimleyerek boşluklara yerleştiriniz.

be – get up – meet – have – go – run – drink – sleep – swim – eat

1.Yesterday I got up early, at about seven o´clock.

2. I had a shower and some fruit for breakfast.
3. Then I went to the sports centre.
4. I swam 500 meters in the swimming pool and then I ran 5 kilometers.
5.At lunchtime I met my friends in a cafe.
6.We ate some pasta and drank some juice.
7.After lunch I slept for a few hours, I was tired!
 COULD/ COULDN’T
23
►‘Could’ geçmişteki yeteneklerimizden bahsederken kullanılır. Türkçe’de ‘-ebilirdi’ ekine
karşılık gelmektedir.
She could speak both English and German when she was five.

►Olumsuz bir cümle kurmak, yani geçmişte yapamadığımız eylemleri ifade etmek için
‘could not’ kullanılır, kısaca “couldn’t" olarak yazılır.
Four years ago, Teresa couldn’t ride her bicycle.

► Soru cümlesi yapmak için de ‘could’ özneden önce getirilir.

Could you play chess when you were 10?

►‘Could/ couldn’t’ geçmişte yapabildiğimiz/yapamadığımız eylemler için kullanıldığından

genellikle “-dığı zaman” anlamına gelen “when” bağlacıyla ve geçmiş zaman cümleleriyle
karşımıza çıkar.

►Tüm özneler için cümle yapıları (olumlu-olumsuz-soru) aynıdır. Olumlu cümlelerde ‘özne+
could+ yalın fiil’, olumsuz cümlelerde ‘özne+ couldn’t + yalın fiil’, sorularda ise ‘Could+
özne+ yalın fiil?’ sıralaması takip edilir.
24

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I I
You You
He/ She/ It could Verb1 . He/ She/ It couldn’t Verb1 .
We/ You/ They We/ You/ They

INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS

I Yes, I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they could.

You
Could He/ She/ It Verb1 ?
No, I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they couldn’t.
We/ You/ They
 EXERCISE-10: Boşlukları ‘can- can’t - could- couldn’t’ ile doldurunuz.
25
1- The clown was very brave. He could enter the lion’s cage.
2- Lisa’s house is too far. We can’t walk there.
3- Dad hasn’t got a car. He can’t drive to bus stop.
4- Lisa is very stubborn. Nobody can change her mind.
5- Mum isn’t young enough. She can’t take care of the kids.
6- The questions were easy. Everybody could solve them easily.
7- I was very late. I couldn’t say good bye to the kids.
8- The old man was very poor. He couldn’t buy anything to eat.
9- Tim is very shy. He can’t make friends easily.
10- There isn’t any tea in the fridge. She can’t make tea.
11- The book was long and boring. She couldn’t finish it.
12- My brother is very strong. He can lift a car.
13- Ella is very rich. She can buy the car she wants.
14- The kids didn’t have a ball. They couldn’t play basketball.
15- The room was very dark. We could see nothing.
16- The milk was very hot. The baby couldn’t drink it.
26 EXERCISE-11: Boşlukları ‘could’ ya da ‘couldn’t’ ile doldurunuz.

1. When I was young, I couldn’t play the guitar: it was too difficult for me!
2. Her grandmother was bilingual: she could speak both English and Spanish.
3. Yesterday, Peter couldn’t do that exercise alone. So, he called me for help.
4. When his mother was young, she could skate but she can't do it any longer.
5. We couldn’t open the door: it was locked from the inside!
6. Mary's grandfather could play chess and he was the best!
7. In 1945, people couldn’t play video games.
8. Peter couldn’t play tennis last Monday: he had broken his arm!
9. When Ann was a teenager, she couldn’t watch a horror film: it was too frightening for her!
10. Last Sunday, we couldn’t take any photos in the museum: it was forbidden.
11. Mozart could play the piano when he was 5.
27 Paragrafı okuyunuz ve ardından gelen soruları paragrafa göre cevaplayınız.

Welcome to my blog
Stephen Williams
Friday, June 21

Today, I went to the beach. It was my first day at the ocean

for many years. The sound and smell of the ocean brought
back memories of the great family vacations when I was a
child. We always went to the beach for a week in the
summer. I remembered playing for hours in the sand with
my sister and crying when I couldn’t have any ice cream.
Oh, and I remembered finding a huge jellyfish on the beach
and running away because I was scared! Amazing, really,
the things you remember from your childhood...
28 EXERCISE-12: Aşağıdaki soruları paragrafa göre cevaplayınız.

1- Where did Stephen’s family go on vacation in the summer?

They always went to the beach for a week in the summer.
2- Who does he remember playing with on the beach?
He remembers playing with his sister on the beach.
3- Why did he cry when he was playing in the sand?
Because, he didn’t have any ice cream.
4- What did he see that made him scared?
He saw a huge jellyfish.
5- How often does Stephen go to the beach these days?
He doesn’t often go to the beach these days.
29 EXERCISE-13: Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1- When Mary was 15, she was a fast runner. She _______ 200 meters in 30 seconds.
a) can b) can’t c) could d) couldn’t

2- I’m sorry but I ________ come to your party next Friday.

a) can b) can’t c) couldn’t d) could

3- I’m not in a hurry. I ________ wait for you if you need more time to study.
a) can b) can’t c) could d) couldn’t

4- The museum is closed. We _________ go today.

a) could b) couldn’t c) can d) can’t

5- I’m very tired because I _________ sleep last night.

a) can b) can’t c) could d) couldn’t
30 6- Maria _________ her mobile phone last week.
a) broked b) breaked c) broke d) break

7- The teacher _________ a note to Nina's parents.

a) wrote b) writed c) written d) write

8- Last night the game _________ 10 minutes late.

a) beginned b) begin c) began d) beganned

9- Julie and Anna _________ clean the house last Sunday.

a) isn’t b) wasn’t c) don’t d) didn’t

10- Jamie _________ to New York last month.

a) go b) going c) went d) wents

11- A: ________ you ________ the new film yesterday? B: No, I _________.
a) Did/ saw/didn’t b) Did/ see/ didn’t
c) Do/ saw/ don’t d) Do/ see/ don’t
 Highlights
 ‘Past Simple Tense’ yani Geçmiş Zaman, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve bitmiş bir
eylemi ya da durumu anlatmak için kullanılır.

 Olumlu cümlelerde fiilin ikinci hali kullanılır.

 Fiiller iki gruba ayrıldığından ikinci hallerini iki şekilde elde ederiz. Düzenli fiillerde ‘-ed’ takısı
eklenir (play-played, watch-wacthed.. gibi). Düzensiz fiillerin ise yazılışlarında değişiklik olur
(go- went, eat- ate,.. gibi).

 Geçmiş zamanda olumsuz cümlelerde ve sorularda fiilin ikinci hali değil yalın hali kullanılır.

 ‘Could’ geçmişteki yeteneklerimizden bahsederken kullanılır. Olumsuz (couldn’t) olarak

kullandığımızda geçmişte yapamadığımız eylemleri ifade ederiz.

 Genellikle “-dığı zaman” anlamına gelen “when” bağlacıyla ve geçmiş zaman cümleleriyle
karşımıza çıkar.
 REFERENCES
32
 Total English Elementary, Pearson ELT
 Grammar Spot, Yds Publishing
 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/dilbilgisi/ingiliz-dilbilgisi/past/past-simple-i-worked
 https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/sample/gs/gs_05.htm
 https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/elementary/grammar/grammar_07_012e?cc=tr&selLanguage=en
 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-2.html
 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-1.html
 https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/a1g003-past-simple-of-irregular-
verbs
 https://www.language-worksheets.com/past-simple-elementary.html
 http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=12870
 https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-91443.php
https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/cancant_couldcouldnt_wksht/modal
s-ability-intermediate/5643
 http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/1g180-elementary-irregular-past-simple-multiple-choice.php
http://www.macmillanenglish.com/uploadedFiles/wwwmacmillanenglishcom/Content/Samples/Reading_K
eys_New_Edition/Reading%20Keys_SB1%20Unit%207%20Childhood%20Memories.pdf