A PROJECT REPORT

ON
“STUDY OF DEMOLITION OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING
STRUCTURE ”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF
DIPLOMA IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY,

Sr.No Name Of Student Enrollment Roll No

No.

1 Mr. Tathe Jayesh Dnyandev 2114660009 3108

2 Mr. Shaikh Zahir Ansar 2114660005 3106

3 Mr. Dhage Pradnya Nivrutti 2114660004 3105

4 Mr. Lakudzode Archana 2214660156 3121

Ananda

GUIDED BY
Prof. K.M.Sayyed

0
 CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the project report entitled “Study of Demolition of Multi Storey
building structures ” was successfully completed by Student of sixth semester Diploma in
Civil Engineering.

Sr. No Name of student Enrollment Number

1.
Mr. Tathe Jayesh Dnyandev 2114660009
2.
Mr. Shaikh Zahir Ansar 2114660005
3.
Mr. Dhage Pradnya Nivrutti 2114660004
4.
Mr. Lakudzode Archana Ananda 2214660156

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in Civil Engineering
and submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Shree Samarth Polytechnic,
Mhasane Phata. work carried out during a period for the academic year 2022-23 as per
curriculum .

Guide Head of department

(Prof .K.M.Sayyed) (Prof. K.M.Sayyed)

Principal
External Examiner (Dr.Pathare.A.M)

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me an immense pleasure to submit the report of „Study of demolition of

multi-storey building structures‟.
I tried my level best to present this report .
I would like to express our sincere thanks and grateful to our Principal
Dr.D.A.Kulkarni for regular inspiration and encouragement during the above
training period. I would like to extend my sincere and true thanks to our Head of
Civil Engineering Department who gave his valuable help and have no doubt is
going to be boon for us in future. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to
Prof. A.N.Sangle sir for his unending co-operation and extended the facilities
provided to me.
I wish to express my sincere thanks with profound gratitude to my mentor prof.
J.S.Sathe Mam for his valuable guidance and constant encouragement without whichit
would have been impossible for me to present and complete this Project successfully.
I also express my sincere thanks to Prof. J.S.Sathe Mam and prof.
S.M.Malshikare sir for their encouragement and help wherever necessary.
Finally, I express gratitude towards one and all that helped me directly or indirectly
in their various capacities for achieving the final stage of this Capstone project
Execution .

Roll No. Name of student Enrolments Number

1.
Mr. Tathe Jayesh Dnyandev 2114660009
2.
Mr. Shaikh Zahir Ansar 2114660005
3.
Mr. Dhage Pradnya Nivrutti 2114660004
4.
Mr. Lakudzode Archana 2214660156
Ananda

2
 ABSTRACT

Building demolition, as compared to building construction is always carried out as

quickly and cheaply as possible. The nature of limited time and resources of the demolition
project sometimes. Translate into poor work planning and safety precautions. In recent years,
demolition work has become more complicated due to the high diversity of building types and
there are various demolition techniques and strategies. It is important to have a clear
understanding of the type of building to be demolished, the method to be used and risks involved
to ensure proper work planning. Using historical data on demolition related accidents; this paper
discusses the classification of injuries and causes of the accidents. To conclude, strategies for
better understanding of demolition work and good practices of site safety are recommended.
This report deals with how demolition work is to be performed safely and also
elaborates different steps involved before and during the execution of a demolition process.
The building is brought down either manually or mechanically depending upon the
method used for demolition of buildings. Equipments used for demolition work are hammers,
rammers, excavators, bulldozers, wrecking ball and the explosives used are dynamites and
detonators etc which is generally preferred for tall buildings. The various steps involved before
the demolition process includes surveying of the demolition site, removal of hazardous material
and safety precautionary measures. The study also includes the precautionary measures regarding
machinery or equipment, scaffolding, public safety and worker safety. Various strategies of
demolition waste have been reported in literature for implementing good practices for demolition
of buildings.
In chapter 1 we have studied about causes, Necessity and objectives of demoltion.
In chapter 2 we have studied about literature reviews.
In chapter 3 we have studied about Methodology.
In chapter 4 we have studied about design, working and process, we have leaned about process,
steps and methods of demolition.
In chapter 5 we have studied about case study in which we study about how demolition has been
done to different buildings by using demolition tools.
In chapter 6 We have mentioned the conclusion of this project.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. Contents Page No.
No.
1 Chapter 1-: 6
Introduction-:
1.1) The various causes of consequences of
demolition of building
1.2) Necessity of demolition
1.3) Objectives of demolition
1.4) Problems in demolition of buildings
1.5) Safety precautions
1.6) Safety measures in demolition of buildings
1.7) Safety measures in demolition of structural
steel work
2 Chapter 2-: 12
Literature review
3 Chapter 3-: 15
Methodology
3.1) The methods of Demolition for multi storey
building.
3.2) Implosion method of building demolition
4 Chapter 4-: 23
Details of design, working and process of multi-
storey building structures
4.1) Pre – Process of Demolition works

4
 4.2)Steps before Demolition
5 Chapter 5-: 29
Case study of demolition multi-storey building
5.1) Alfa serene , nettoor
5. 2)Holy faith H20 , kunnador
5.3) Golden kayaloram, Kannadikadu
5.4) Jain coral cove , Nettoor
5.5) Mina Plaza
6 Chapter 6-: 39
Conclusion
7 References 41

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Demolition means destruction, breaking down or removal. The demolition of building is a

process of dismantling a structure after its lifespan of serviceability by pre planning and control
demolition method and The destroying of an existing structure for a new countruction or legal
order etc.
The process of demolition is carried out with the help of some equipment or other
methods with legal procedure followed by the consent of local authority. we know that every
structure is designed for specific live period generally 100 years. The existence of the structure
after the service life period is over is very dangerous to its occupants and surroundings building
The purpose of demolition is to prevent the accidental collapse of any part of the building and to
ensure safety of workers, public and neighboring properties.
Demolition or dismantling refers to breaking up of buildings , structures either
fully or partially . Utmost consideration is to be given to demolition or dismantling of structures
than to erection, construction and maintenance. The problems, hazards and
uncertainties can be much greater in demolition and it is also carried out by the
unskilled workers.
The design engineers have responsibility for safety for not only for design and
construction but also for the demolition of the structures at the end of its usual
life. Precautions during demolition has three goals. specifically aimed at safeguarding
the personnel on the site. safeguarding of persons not connected with demolition
including the general public and the protection of the property likely to be
effected by demolition operation.
The causes of accidents to workers involved with demolition are fall from heights,
falling materials, inadequate access, over-fragile materials etc. Premature collapses due
to incorrect dismantling, over loading or excessive pre- weakening feature particularly
during demolition.
Demolition is the most dangerous construction. It is carried out in a structure that has
been weakened either as part of the ongoing operation, or as the result of natural forces (storms,
floods), fire, explosions or simple wear and tear. The hazards during demolition are falls, being
struck or buried in falling material or by the unintentional collapse of the structure, noise,
vibration, and dust. In addition workers may be exposed to hazardous chemical and biological
agents. One of the biggest challenges is to plan, organize and conduct the work in such a manner
that no part of the structure can collapse unexpectedly. The article looks at typical problems in
this sector, and presents prevention and control measures.
Demolition sites are the sources of large amount of solid waste, which today is being
used as mere landfill. On the other hand, building practices are such that reusable materials also
becomes mix with rubble, stone and soil, reducing their value and making recycling difficult or

6
uneconomical. A building waste recycling aggregates is modern approach for preventing
environmental pollution through reducing the stocks of waste.

The reuse of building waste is a relatively new issue for the world despite the existing
considerable quantity of building waste. Demolition work is one of the most important operation
in construction engineering field. If demolition activity is not done carefully is may result into
serve re consequences.

 Demolition is bringing down the building and other structure safely

 The demolition of structure with the help of explosives is called as implosion.
 The main objective for demolition may be the age of the structure.
 Methods of demolition depends upon the type of structure, height and surrounding
structure.
 Demolition is one of the most Hazardous countruction operation. Responsible for
more deaths and major injuries than any other activities.
 If a demolition project is well planned the risks of injury and death can be
minimized.
 The planning and execution of a demolition project should only be done by
appropriately competent persons.
 Expert advise from structural engineers will be necessary.
 The methods of demolition depends upon the

1) The type of structure.

2) Height and surrounding structure.

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1.1) The various causes of consequences of demolition of building
Are as follows-:

1) Injury to workers due to the difficulty of accessing into or working inside a building
which is under demolition.

2) Falling of smaller object or debris from the demolition building.

3) Falling of partially demolished structure.

4) Collapse of unstable structure due to original structure disturbed.

5) Employing inappropriate methods to demolish. And college of heavy demolition

equipment due to the inadequate support of the partially demolished structure.

6) Heavy machinery used in demolition may have risks of collapse due to the insufficient
support.

7) Difficult access for workers entering into a building under demolition.

To avoid this consequences from demolition work, it is necessary to understand

complete process of demolition of building.

1.2) Necessity of demolition -:

1) When building is too old and cannot be put to further use

2) Structural changes.

3) Development of the city.

4) Structural failure of the building.

5) Expansion.

6) The foundation is faulty.

7) The building is old.

8) Change in governmental building codes or zoning law.

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1.3) Objectives of demolition -:

1) To study the suitability of an implosion technology for demolition of building.

2) Evaluate and identify demolition options for multi- Storied building.

3) To perform economic comparison of an implosion technology with explosion

technology and provide suitable method to minimize cost of demolition of building

4) To study the suitability of an impossible technology for demolition of building.

5) Evaluate and identify demolition options for multi-storey building.

6) To perform economic comparison of an implosion technology of explosion

technology and provide suitable method of minimize cost of demolition.

1.4) Problems in demolition of buildings :

The problems which may arise while carrying out the building demolition are as follows –
i. Accidents due to persons falling from high, unprotected workplaces and through
openings. ii. Accidents due to persons being struck by falling objects.
iii. The building collapsing suddenly and unexpectedly may cause death of the workers.
iv. Insecure materials in or on the structure.
v. Exposure to dust, chemicals, and noise influence the occupational health. Demolition of
buildings involves various demolition activities which cause influence on the environment
which ultimately give rise to pollution.

1.5) Safety Precautions :

The safety precautions to be taken before demolition depends on method of

demolition. Demolition methods include manual demolition mechanical demolition by
pusher arm, demolition ball and wire rope pulling; explosives; demolition by hydraulic
busters and the thermic lance. These used methods of demolition vary depending on types of
buildings and
structured such as houses, large buildings, bridges, arches, independent chimneys,
steel and concrete structures, spires, pylons and masts, petroleum tanks etc.

9
Any demolition work should be proceeded by
(a) Site survey which should be comprehensive
(b) Decide on the location and position of screens, scaffolds etc.,
(c) Protection of the public
(d) Methods to protect surrounding buildings from the danger of collapse.
(e) Electric power to all services within the structures should be shut off. Similarly all
(f) Gas, water and steam service lines should be shut off.
(g) The structure to be demolish should be adequately fenced and cordoned off
(h) Display boards to be displayed prominently warning the public of the danger.
(i) Glass in doors and windows, loose objects and projecting parts to be removed.

1.6) Safety measures in demolition of the buildings :

1. Workers should not be deployed at different levels unless adequate precautions are taken to
ensure safety of them.
2. Demolition work should begin at the top of the structure and proceed downwards.
3. Masonry concrete and other dismantled materials should not be allowed to
accumulate in quantities which may endanger the stability of any floor or structural
support.
4. Part of the structures, where necessary should be adequately shored, braced or
otherwise supported.
5. If the structure is to be demolished by explosives, all safety measures pertaining to
explosives such as transport, storage, handling, loading firing etc. should be
strictly adhered to.
6. Foundation walls serving as retaining walls to support of adjoining structures
should not be demolish until the adjoining structure have been under pinned or
braced or earth supported by sheet pilling.
7. Stairs with hand railing should be kept in place as long as practicable to provide
access and egress.
8. If the work of demolition is continued in night, all passageways, stairs and other parts
of the structure where the workers have to pass and also to work should be
adequately lit.
9. Workers should wear strictly safety belts, safety belts, safety helmets and hand
glove.
10. If the demolition is carried out by machines such as power shovels, bulldozers etc.
the safety measures relevant to operation and use of such machines should be
adhered to.
11. If swinging weight such as ball is used for demolition, a safety zone having a width of

10
at least 1.50 times the height of the building or structure should be maintained.
12.Scaffolds used for demolition operations should be independent of the structure to
be demolished.
13. If ladders are used for demolition, only travelling mechanical ladders should be
used.
14. The hoists or chutes, whenever it is practicable, should be used to lower the
Lllmaterials. Materials chutes should have a gate at the bottom with suitable means
for regulating the flow of material

1.7) Safety measures in demolition of structural steel work:

1. The steel structures should be demolished from top tier by tier.

2. removing the various members of the steel structures should be done in a planned
manner.
3. all precautions should be taken to prevent danger from any sudden twist, spring or
collapse of steel parts/work when it is cut or released.
4. structural steel parts should be carefully lowered and not dropped from a height.
5. Safety precautions of gas cutting of the steel members should be adhered to.

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Chapter 2 : Literature Survey

1) Arpita R. Naik:

Every Civil Engineering structure has a life span and if at all the structure survives longer
period than it is designed for then it may pose serious threat to its surroundings. In such situation
the safety of the surrounding buildings can be attained only by the process of Demolition.
Demolition is the reverse process of construction, as the process of construction is carried out
basically from constructing the substructure first and then the superstructure but in case of
demolition the superstructure is demolished first and then the substructure. Demolition of a
building can be defined destruction, breaking down or removal. Demolition of building is the
process of dismantling or destroying of a structure after its life of serviceability by pre-planned
and controlled methods. The process of demolition can be carried out for various reasons like old
structures are to be replaced by new structures, the small structure are demolished to build big
structures. There are two most commonly used types of demolition methods and they are Non
Explosive method and Explosive method (Implosive Method). During the process of demolition
all the reusable material should be collected so that they can be segregated and recycled. This
study helps us to know the various methods involved in the process of demolition, various
equipments used for the process of demolition and the safety measures that should be engaged
during the process of demolition.

2) Mark shaurette :
Dr Mark Shaurette is Assistant Professor in the Department of Building Construction
Management at Purdue University, Indiana. He will be based at the Dublin Institute of
Technology where he will teach and carry out research in the area of Identifying Educational
Opportunities to Promote Energy Conserving Retrofit of Existing Structures.

12
 3) Erik K. Lauritzen :
Erik K. Lauritzen is managing director and owner of Erik Krogh Lauritzen ApS,
Lauritzen Advising. He has 40 years of experience in the fields of explosive engineering,
demolition and recycling, risk and safety assessment, post-war reconstruction, disaster
management and project management. He is especially involved, as past Chairman of the
RILEM Technical Committee on Guidelines for Demolition of Concrete and Masonry, in
research and development and rubble recycling technologies.
Lauritzen has been responsible for a number of major demolition projects and post-disaster
and post-war reconstruction projects in Lebanon, Kosovo, Bosnia, Turkey, Japan and Haiti in
cooperation with the World Bank, UNDP, UNRWA, UNEP, EU and DANIDA. From 2012 to
2018, he was chairman of the Danish Network for Construction and Demolition Waste under
the Danish Centre of Competence on Waste and Resources (DAKOFA).

4) Helene Liss :
Helene Liss is a marketing professional for a financial services company in New York City,
and a writer who has been fascinated by demolition projects all her life.

The Loizeaux Family, founders of Controlled Demolition, Inc., have been featured
in Harper's, Scientific American, Smithsonian, and countless specials on The Discovery
Channel, The Learning Channel and more. Their company, Controlled Demolition, Inc.,
performs over 200 implosions each year, and they will be promoting the book enthusiastically
at every stop. They are based in Maryland.

5) Richard J. Diven
Richard J. Diven has almost forty years experience in the demolition industry, as a
member of the senior management team at structural demolition company ICONCO between
1964 and 2000, and as founder of R. J. Diven Consulting, LLC. He has played a key role in
projects ranging from earthquake repairs in Los Angeles to the demolition of aircraft hangars
in Pearl Harbor

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 6) Dr. Abdol Chini
Dr. Abdol Chini is a Holland professor of Construction Management and Past Director of M.E.
Rinker, Sr. School of Construction Management at the University of Florida. He has performed
extensive research on the reuse and recycling of construction materials including recycled
concrete aggregates, wastewater generated at concrete plants, and salvaged lumber from
deconstructed buildings to minimize environmental impacts. He is a registered professional
engineer and his work experience includes quality control manager and project manager for
several construction projects in Washington DC metropolitan area. Abdol was the Coordinator of
Task Group 39 (Deconstruction) of the International Council for Research and Innovation in
Building Construction (CIB). He has edited three books and published more than 80 papers. He
was listed in Who's Who in Science and Engineering in 2000/2001 and was the recipient of the
2003 UF Research Foundation Professorship.

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Chapter 3 : Methodology :

There are two types of demolition methods used for buildings and structures-:

1. Non-explosive demolition
2. Explosive demolition.

1. Non-Explosive Demolition Method

It means the demolition of a structure done with some equipment without the use of any
explosive. Different equipment’s used for the demolition activity are

 Sledge Hammer

It is a small handheld hammer used for the demolition of small wall or single column.

 Excavators and bull dozers

These are big machines uses to demolish building of small sizes. They are used for
excavation of soil or transferring of debris to trucks etc.

 Wrecking balls

The building with the greater height up to (6-7 story) cannot be demolished with the help
of excavators or bulldozers. In such cases crane with wrecking balls are used to perform
the demolition activity. The wrecking ball crack is crack attached with a huge steel ball
hanging from a steel rope

 High reach Excavators

High Reach Excavator machines are used in the demolition of tall building where
demolition by explosion is not possible. The building of height up to 300ft can be
demolished by this type of machine.

3.1) The methods of Demolition for multi - storey building-:

1) Implosion method. ( Explosive demolition)

2) Wreaking ball demolition .

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 1) Implosion method ( Explosive demolition).

Implosion is the most impressive method of demolishing a building. However, due to their
specialized nature, implosions are used in less than 1% of demolition projects. Implosion is the
process of using explosives to knock out a building’s main supports, causing the building to
collapse from the inside out.

Buildings are imploded in one of two ways. If space permits, explosives are fitted into the
building’s left columns, making it fall to the side when detonated. Cables are often used to
control the building’s collapse, making this method a safer option. If space is limited, the second
method involves placing explosives in the building’s lower support system and middle sections,
causing the building to fall onto itself.

Implosions require the knowledge of experts called “blasters” and are often used to demolish
large structures in urban areas. A successful implosion requires the following steps:

1. Blueprint examination: Blasters study blueprints of a building to determine which areas need to
be blasted.
2. Site preparation: Crews prepare a site by taking out the non-load-bearing walls, weakening
supporting columns, and wrapping columns with fencing for a cleaner fall with less flying debris.
3. Determine explosives: Blasters select an explosive based on the building’s materials. Dynamites
release shockwaves and are best used to obliterate concrete columns. RDX can expand up to
27,000 feet per second to slice through steel structures.
4. Load explosives: The explosives are bored into columns, generally in support columns and a few
upper stories to make it easier to break the building into smaller pieces.
5. Time detonation: Blasters first build up an electrical charge. When the current is sent through the
wire, it heats up and ignites the flammable substance, setting off the main explosives. Blasters can
time their detonations by setting slow-burning materials to delay the explosion.

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Explosive demolition-:
1) Blasting machine and blasting cap or electrical detonator.

Advantages of explosive demolition-:

 Less expensive.
 No ground vibrations.
 Quickest method.
 Suitable for multi Storeyed and high piers, cabins, distress piers etc.

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18
Wrecking Ball :

A wrecking ball is a heavy steel ball, usually hung from a crane, that is used
for demolishing large buildings. It was most commonly in use during the 1950s and 1960s.
Several wrecking companies claim to have invented the wrecking ball. An early documented use
was in the breaking up of the SS Great Eastern in 1888–1889, by Henry Bath and Co, at Rock
Ferry on the River Mersey.
In 1993, the wrecking ball was described as "one of the most common forms of large-scale
coarse demolition. With the invention of hydraulic excavators and other machinery, the wrecking
ball has become less common at demolition sites as its working efficiency is less than that
of high reach excavators

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Wrecking Ball Demolition-:
A wrecking ball is the classic icon of demolition. A massive ball of steel weighing up to
12,000 pounds is suspended from a crane and swung into a building, with its sheer weight,
inertia, and gravity doing the work to bring down a building.
There are a few methods to release the ball. It can either be dragged back and released,
hoisted to a great height and dropped, or whipped from a spinning a crane. Swinging precision is
required, as the ball’s trajectory cannot be controlled once it breaks the structure
A wrecking ball works like a pendulum. When in rest, the ball contains gravitational
potential energy stored in its massive weight. As its weight is released, the energy is converted
into motion. To create the amount of force necessary, the crane operator must create momentum.
As gravity pulls on the ball, its highest point of velocity is achieved at the bottom point of the
pendulum arc. Thus, the weight is released from a higher point to create greater velocity.
While wrecking ball demolitions are relatively inexpensive and quick, this method causes a lot
of debris, dust, and safety hazards. As a result, it is seldom used on sites today.

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3.2) Implosion Method of Building Demolition
Implosion is the process of demolition of a building using explosives. If the supports of the
building are removed, the structure collapses.

Using implosion technique, the main supports of the buildings such as column’s, beams and slab
are fixed with explosives. When these explosives are detonated, the column collapse and so is
the structure.

Depending how the structure falls,

There are two types of implosion:

a) Falling like a tree

In this type of implosion, the building is made to fall like a tree to the sideward. This is the
commonly used type of implosion. When free space is available besides the building, this type of
demolition is prescribed.

If the free space is available on the left side of the building, the explosives are set on the lower
level of the building on the left side columns. As the explosives are detonated, the columns
bursts, the building tends to falls towards the left side. Steel cables are tied to the building to
control the falling direction of the building.

21
b) Falling into its own footprint
When the free spaces are not available around the building and the structure around the building
are to be protected. This type of demolition is used. In this type of demolition, explosives are set
in the floor below the middle part of the building.

These explosives are to be heavy as the explosion must demolish the building at once. If one part
blast and followed by another. Then the building falls towards the first blasted part. So only less
companies in the world are experienced in this type of demolition.

As the explosions are detonated, the upper part of building destroys and falls upon the lower
building. Due to the heavy load and force the lower part of the building also collapses and falls
on its own footprint.

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Chapter 4: Details of design, Working and process of demolition of multi-
storey building structures :

Building Demolition Process

Different steps are involved in the process of demolition of building structures which are:

1. Surveying
2. Removal of hazardous materials
3. Preparation of plan
4. Safety measures

1) Surveying of Buildings for Demolition

Surveying means study of different parameters of the structure and its surroundings. There are
two types of surveying are mainly conducted. They are

1. Building surveying

2. Structural surveying

1. Building Surveying
In survey of buildings for demolition, following process are carried out:

1) Types of construction material used

2) Usage of building prior and present during demolition.
3) The presence of wastewater, hazardous materials, matters arising from toxic chemicals,
flammable or explosive and radioactive materials, etc.
4) Drainage conditions and possible problems on water pollution, flooding and erosion.
5) Shared facilities with adjoining building, including common staircases, partition walls.
6) Adjoining pedestrian and vehicular traffic conditions
7) The sensitivity of neighborhood with respect to noise, dust, vibration and traffic impact

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2. Structural Surveying
In structural survey, following process are involved in demolition:

 The method of construction

 The structural system and structural conditions of basements, underground tanks or
underground vaults.
 The original structural system employed in the design.
 The condition of the building

4.1) Pre – process of demolition works -:

1) Process of demolition works is to be performed safely and with a number of different

steps involved before and during the execution of demolition process
2) The various steps involved before the demolition process includes surveying the site of
demolition, removal of hazardous materials, if any, and preparation of demolition plan
with techniques to be implanted, stability report and the precautionary safety measures to
be taken from the workers and the surrounding.

24
4.2) Steps before Demolition -:
Different steps are involved in the process of demolition of building structure which
are-:

1) Surveying Of buildings for demolition works.

 Surveying means study of different parameters of the structure and its surrounding.
 There are two types of surveying are mainly conducted. They are:

A) Building surveying.
B) Structural surveying.

25
A) Building Surveying-:

In survey of building for demolition, following process are carried out:

 Types of countruction material used.
 Usage of building prior and present during demolition.
 The presence of wastewater, hazardous materials, matters arising from toxic chemicals,
flammable or explosive and radioactive material etc.
 Drainage condition and possible problems on water pollution, flooding and erosion.
 Shared facilities with adjoining building, including common staircases, partition walls.
Adjoining pedestrian and vehicular traffic conditions.
The sensitivity of neighborhood with respect to noise, dust, vibration and traffic impact.
B ) Structural surveying:

In structural survey, following process are involved in demolition:

 The method of countruction.

 The structural system and structural conditions of basements, Underground tanks or
underground vaults.
 The condition of building.

2) Removal of hazardous materials-:

In hazardous materials like asbestos minerals, petroleum contamination, and radioactive
metals are found in the investigation of site for demolition. Specialized personals are called for
the removal of the hazardous materials from the site prior to the demolition of structure.

26
3) Preparation of demolition plan for structure
A detailed demolition plan is made which illustrates the different process involved and
they are-:
 The location of the building to be demolished.
 The distances from the building to be demolished to its adjacent buildings,
Streets, structures and significant street furniture.
 The structural support system of the building.
 A plan showing the procedure for the demolition of the building detailed
sequences of demolishing members, and the method of demolition to be adopted.
 A plan showing all precautionary measures for the protection of the public
including hoardings, covered walkways, catch platforms, catch fans, scaffolding,
protective screens and safety nets, time required for the complete demolition
process etc.

4) Safety measures-:

 All the workforce will have a site induction and toolbox talk to discuss methods
band environment.
 Fire and emergency plans are prepared and included within the health and safety
induction.
 All the workforce wear full PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment) Occupational
health checks are carried regularly for all demolition workers.
 All the workers, site supervisors and engineers including plant and equipment
operators are briefed with the potential hazards and process of demolitions.

 All goods that are flammable are removed from the site unless it is used in the
work involved. All the flammable materials like wood, timber, fuels etc. are

27
 stored in proper storage facilities. Firefighting appliances are stationed in the
demolition site till the process is completed.

 Due to the demolition of structure, many problems are faced by the workers, such
as. exposure to dust, chemical exposure, heat stress and ventilation, noise
exposure, medical and first aid facilities, sanitation and occupational diseases. To
overcome these problems suitable measures are undertaken.

28
Chapter 5 : Case Study of Demolition ( Multy Storey Building)-:

The supreme court had on May 8, 2019, ordered the demolition of the four apartment
complexes that were built by violating the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) norms, at Maradu
municipality in Ernakulam district.The flats were built along the coastal region that falls under
the CRZ-III category with strict curbs on construction activities. In such areas, constructions are
not allowed within 200 meters from the coastline.

Building demolition is one of the most common activities in the construction industry.
Several demolition techniques are commonly used, including mechanical demolition,
deconstruction and hybrid demolition. Although deconstruction has been advocated for its
environmentally friendly approaches, the cost comparison of a demolition project under different
techniques is rarely researched. In this paper, the cost of a demolition project is broken down to
input and output costs, which are further broken down to more countable sections. Through an
empirical study in Victoria, Australia, project costs of mechanical demolition, hybrid demolition
and deconstruction are investigated. It is found that deconstruction has the greatest profitability
among the three techniques. Hybrid demolition, which is the actual technique adopted by the
contractor, has a slightly lower profit, and mechanical demolition is the most expensive.
Although deconstruction has the best overall economical performance, the small extra gain
comes with increased complexity and risk that deters demolition contractors from its attempt. It
is found in the paper that an optimized demolition project strategy exists between hybrid
demolition and deconstruction with the greatest profitability among various building demolition
techniques.

29
5.1) Alfa serene , nettoor-:

Constructed by- Alfa Ventures Private Ltd.

 Managing Director-: Paul Raj.

 Demolition date-: January 11, 2020. Time -: 11:30 am.

 Explosion to be carried out on -: Ground floor, 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th,

9th, 11th, and 14th floors.

 Demolition Company-: Vijay Steels (Chennai).

 Cost -: 61,00,000.₹.

 Explosive used-: 150 kg.

 Floors : 16

 Debris in tons : 10,700

 Coordinates : 9°55’59.87’’N, 76°18’51.95”E.

 A high- rise residential complex with twin towers on the shores of the
backwaters. Hotel Le Meridian is on its opposite.

Challenge-: 40 – odd houses surround the Alfa Serene. It is a densely populated area.
Another multi- Storeyed building is next to the flat. Explosion has to be carried out without
affecting the houses nearby.

30
5.2) Holy faith H20 , kunnador-:

Constructed by -: Holy Faith Builders and Developers.

 Managing Director-: Sany Francis.

 Near Kundannor- Thevara flyover along the Kundannor

backwaters. An 18- floor apartment behind the municipal office.

 Explosion to be carried out on -: Lower, Upper ground 2nd,4th,

7th, 10th, 13th, and 15th floors.

 Demolition date-: January 11, 2020. Time-: 11am.

 Cost-: 64,02,240₹.

 Demolition Company-: Edifice Engineering ( Mumbai).

 Explosive used-: 400 kg .

 Floors : 19

 Debris in tons : 21,450

 Coordinates : 9°56’11.18”N, 76°18’51.32”E

31
Challenge-:
House at a distance of 1.5 meters away from the flat. Right next to that is the petro house
of the Bharat petroleum. The Thevara- Kundannor bridge is at a distance of 10 meters from the
front of the flat. Petrol, diesel pipelines of the IOC also pass through the he Underground in
front of the flat. Fuel would be completely removed and the pipeline would be filled with water
for a distance of 16km from boat Jetty to Irumpanam.The plan is to make the flat collapse at a
angle of 36 degree towards the side of the bridge.

5.3) Golden kayaloram, Kannadikadu-:

 Constructed by-: K. P. Varkey and Builders.

 Managing Director-: K. V. Jose.

 Explosion to be carried out on-: Ground floor, 1st, 2nd , and

7th, floors.

 Demolition Date-: January 12, 2020. Time-: 2pm

 Cost-: 21,02,720.₹.

 Explosive used-: 200 kg.

 Demolition Company-: Edifice Engineering ( Mumbai).

32
  Floors : 15

 Debris in tons : 7,100

 Coordinates : 9°57’13.71”N, 76°18’59.08”E

 The building located along the champakara canal near the

Thaikoodam bridge. This is the first apartment complex to be built 20
years ago when Maradu was a panchayat. The other buildings were
given permission in line of this

Challenges-:

An anganwadi is located near to the fat. Another multi- Storeyed building

and several houses in the area. It is feared debris would fall into the backwaters
and the area would be engulfed by dust after demolition. The smaller part of the
building would be made to collapse towards the Thikkudam bridge, and the larger
portion towards the opposite side.

33
5.4) Jain coral cove , Nettoor-:

 Constructed by-: Jain Housing and Construction.

 The building is located along the backwaters at Nettoor. It is the

biggest among the buildings to be demolished.

 Managing Director-: Sandeep Malik.

 Explosion to be carried out on-: Ground floor, Upper ground 1st, 5th,
8th, 11th and 14th floors.

 Demolition Date-: January 12, 2020. Time-: .11am.

 Demolition company-: Edifice Engineering (Mumbai).

 Cost-: 86,76,720.₹.

 Explosive used-: 700 kg.

 Floors : 17

 Debris in tons : 26,400

34
  Coordinates : 9°55’49.90”N, 76°19’24.95”E

Challenges-:
Flat is surrounded by backwaters. The flat has to be demolished even while
ensuring that the rubble does not fall into the backwaters. A KSEB electric tower
next to the flat. Another small building is also the area but fewer houses. The plan
is to make flat collapse towards the eastern side.

5.5) Mina Plaza :

 Explosive used : 6,000kg of explosives and 80,000 detonaters

 Location : Abu dhabhi (United Arab Emirates)

 Floors : 144 Floors

 Process of demolition : Control Implosion method

 Reason of demolition : The main reason for tearing down the

Mina Plaza Towers is to make way for a large tourist destination
in the port area.

 Demolition time : 8 am

35
  Demolition Date : 27 November 2020.

 Coordinates : 24.5170°N, 54.3760°E.

Abu Dhabi's iconic conic Mina Plaza, which comprises four 165-metre
high towers, was reduced to dust and rubbles in just 10 seconds last month The
demolition, which involved the use of 6000 kg plastic explosives and detonator
cord, was done at 8 AM, following which the skyline of Abu Dhabi changed
completely.

The Department of Municipalities and Transport (DMT) said the abandoned

unfinished tower blocks, located in Mina Zayed area was demolished to pave the
way for an all-new wharf in the iconic port-side community.

The demolition involved the use of 6000 kg plastic explosives and detonator
cord. Even though the procedure lasted for only 10 seconds, it changed the skyline
of Abu Dhabi completely.

According to reports, the controlled implosion was done to pave the way for the
redevelopment of a three million square-metre port area. It was part of the second
phase of a project that involves the redevelopment of Mina Zayed.

The demolition work on the Meena Plaza Towers in Abu Dhabi started on
Friday morning. The process which took 10 seconds to complete was implemented
following the highest international safety standards.

Shops and markets in the Mina Port area (Mina Zayed) are temporarily closed
until 4pm on Friday, November 27 to allow the demolition process to be
completed, said authorities.

36
PRIOR TO DEMOLITION-:

 The first phase involved the inspection of the building plan of the apartment to be
demolished. This helped in understanding how the building was constructed and where
the main pillars are located.
 In the second phase, the team of demolition experts inspected the building. The
structural of each floor of the building was scrutinised. And notes were documents.
 In the third phase, The plan for demolition was formulated. This plan was prepared by
considering the building plan., Inspection of the building and take away from earlier
demolitions. In some cases, a 3D model was developed using the computer. This helps in
virtually checking what would happen during the time of demolition. A controlled
explosion or building implosion method would be used to tear down the multi Storeyed
buildings at Maradu within seconds.

TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES TO BE USED FOR DEMOLITION -:

3. Emulsion ( superpower 90’)
4. Shock tube detonator
5. Detonating fuse.
6. Electric detonator.

1) Emulsion ( Superpower 90‟)-:

Superpower 90’ packages emulsion explosive is robust, high-strength, detonator

sensitive explosive. It is Nagpur - based solar explosive would be used to demolition
the Maradu flats-. Ammonium nitrate is the main constituent of the explosive.

37
 2) Shock tube detonator-:

A shock tube detonator is a non- electric explosive fuse or initiator in the form of
small diameter hollow plastic tubing used to transport on initiating signal to an explosive by
means of a shock wave traveling the length of the tube.

3) Detonating fuse (with dynamite)-:

In fuse, detonating cord also called cordeau and prime cord is a hollow cord filled
with a explosive material. It is fired by a detonator and is capable of initiating the detonation of
certain other explosives at any number of points and in any desired pattern.

4) Electric detonator-:.

An instantaneous electric detonator is a type of electric detonator that explodes

instantaneously when electricity is turned on.

38
Chapter 6 : Conclusion of project

 Demolition method applied in a structure depend upon various factors such as site
condition, type of structures, age of building, height of building, and economy and most
important it’s location with presence of its surrounding with its Structural stability
controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety of both the workers and
the surrounding so as to cause least amount of injuries and accidents.

 Type of demolition method depends upon various factors such as site condition, type of
structures, age of building, height of building and economy.

 Anyway controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety.

 Explosive demolition is the preferred method for safely and efficiently demolishing the
larger structures.

 Leads to a safe and controlled demolition for the occupants and neighborhood.

 Development in techniques allows rapid demolition with no harm to the environment.

 Type of demolition method depends upon various factors such as site condition, type of
structures, age of building, height of building and economy.

 Anyway controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety.

 Explosive demolition is the preferred method for safely and efficiently demolishing the
larger structures.

 Almost all major building implosions in the world are handled by 20 well-established
companies, blasting is passed on from generation to generation.

 It is concluded that before carrying out any demolition works, building survey must be
done carefully, so that it may not cause any severe damage to the environment, public
and adjacent properties around the building which is to be demolished.

 Any type of building to be demolished, its method depends upon various factors such as
site condition, type of structures, age of building, height of building and economy and
most important its location with presence of its surrounding with its structural stability.

 Controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety of both the workers and
the surroundings so as to cause least amount of injuries and accidents.

39
 Explosive or implosion demolition is the most preferred method for safely and efficiently
demolishing the larger structures which requires a very high precision.

 The procedure of demolishment should be carried out with the aim of minimizing the
risks of causing damage to persons and properties of the public, endangering the health
and safety of site personnel and damaging the neighborhood environment.

 It is concluded that before carrying out any demolition works, building survey must be
done carefully, so that it may not cause any severe damage to the environment, public
and adjacent properties around the building which is to be demolished.

40
References and bibliography :

 “International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering” (ISSN 2250

9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2013),pp 322-349.
 Kevin Hooper, “Successful Demolition of Historic Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
Launch Facilities: Managing the Process to Maximize Recycle Value to Fund Demolition
–8481” , WM2008 Conference, February 24 -28, 2008, Phoenix, AZ, pp159.
 Rupel Symonds, recycling construction and demolition wastes”, The Boston Society of
Architects, April 2005, pp 378.
 Www.google.com
 Www.studymafia.org
 Www.slidernet.in
 http://www.implosionworld.com/history.html
 www.wikipedia.com
 http://archsd.gov.hk/media/11640/dem
 Shweta O. Rathi, P.V. Khandve. 2014. Demolition of Building and Overview
International
Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD).
 Dr. JayeshkumarPitroda. 2015. Demolition methods and comparison International
Conference on Engineering issues, Opportunities and Challenges for Development.
 R.B Karthick, R.M Manojkumar, Dr. K. Muthukumar, V. Bhuvaneshwari. 2017. Study of
safety in demolition International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology.
 Pauli Hietala, Kjell Larsson, Mikael Hedlund, A handbook: Demolition with Brokk.
 Hong Kong standards. 2004. Code of practice for demolition of building.
 Workplace Safety and Health Council in collaboration with the Ministry of
Manpower.2009. Technical advisory for demolition.
 Safe Work Australia. 2016. Demolition Work Code of Practice

41