Lectuye-27 Werkrng prmmeiple of De motor 29-9 -2 SET ae Prrrerple upon whith a de motor works fe NOY Spree oA. | cuvent canying conductor iS Placed: m meagnetrc freld, meckanrca/ MOIEE 7a Siypey/a hte on LM conductor, the pipectian of Whe 1S Bivansiby \R/ecnng'o.. (et hord yule Caiso Called motor rule) and Aence om ° Pee hoy moves a fhe Jicetion of farce. Whe magnitude ofthe mechansca/ Lovee Be OSC ON) the | conductor amg ivan by. F= BZe Le Newtons Where B ss the Fela Strength tin teslas Cwb/mm?) De rs the current through the Conductor 7, Amperes. LZ a) ERA (enpih"ar Chae educta,s ney meters.Ff ve motor Fypes ° a Pimaner® magnet De Motor ny seperote?” ayes Pe Wiote7 wid Sevres wound pce Motors. wd Shoot Cound Pe. Meteor Compound Rroune Lo “SEOve: vd— Beek onh Wikies 2 eee fo votate Ormature continues fo motor Cue aetron , the armature conductors cut ts fhe “Mmegnete Plus and thevehre aon ‘nv chife on, CREE ach OMA pen Gen oS back emr. “5 Ss 4 -£ opposes the are induced that The wrectien of this applied voltage- &s= Dawp volts. @) 60A watn , Equivalent crreuit of a motor "Ss sho ra + < Eb < La —ary emf rn na) % ey | the encluced nates fa motor, Eb Sepends among a ee current depends Upon the veatuy 5 ees for Oo constan em the back SPPplied voltage ond srstance. Lf the armature armature ye speed rs ent Eb WU C8 lod Oo Lie K LS high oe OC Lie =. uve Sunes 9 oo CO ——eyt the speed of Eke armature 18 Jow, th, Other, Pieter if Eb esses 186 and armat Ure more teSuking fry Checelopment cuvent Ta of lage torque:Comparison of DC and AC motors Basis Nature of the Input Current. Supply Sources Commutation Process Supply Phase Number of terminals Carbon brushes ‘Ac MOTOR oc moron Alternating Current is the Direct Current is the main the AC input power in the DC motor Three phase or single phase Energy is obtained from power from the supply _ batteries, cells etc. mains ‘Absent in AC motor Present in DC motor Both single phase and three Only single phase supply is phase supply are used used There are 3 input terminals There are two input RyB. terminals Positive and negative No carbon brushes There are carbon brushes in the DC MotorThe Armature is stationary Armature rotates while the stationary.3 phase ILM. Construction- Lifting bolt- Stator frame Stator core Stator slots Three phase stator winding Terminal box Rotor bars End ring Squirrel cage rotor Base support —>| Sectional view INDUCTION MOTOR 3-Phase Input SeA three phase induction motor has a stator and a rotor. The stator carries a 3-phase winding called as stator winding while the rotor carries a short circuited winding call a8 rotor winding. The stator winding is fed from 3-phase supply and the rotor winding derives its voltage and power from the stator winding through electromagnetic induction. Therefore, the working principle of a 3-phase induction motor is fundamentally based on electromagnetic induction. When the stator winding is connected to a balanced three phase supply, 2 rotating ‘magnetic field (RMF) is setup which rotates around the stator at synchronous speed (N.)- Where The RMF passes through air gap and cuts the rotor conductors, which are stationary at Start. Due to relative motion between RMF and the stationary rotor, an EMF is induced in the rotor conductors. Since the rotor circuit is short-circuited, a current starts flowing in the rotor conductors. Now, the current carrying rotor conductors are in a magnetic field created by the stator. As a result of this, mechanical force acts on the rotor conductors. The sum of mechanical forces on all the rotor conductors produces a torque which tries to move the rotor in the same direction as the RMF. Hence, the induction motor starts to rotate. From, the above discussion, it can be seen that the three phase induction motor is self-starting motor. The three induction motor accelerates till the speed reached to a speed just below the synchronous speed.Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Synchronous Speed Where, f= frequency and P is the number of poles The speed of induction motor is given by, N=N,I-s) Where, Nis the speed of the rotor of an induction motor, 1, is the synchronous speed, Sis the slip. The torque produced by three phase induction motor is given by, When the rotor is at standstill slip, sis one So the equation of torque is,Epis the rotor emf N, is the synchronous speed Ryis the rotor resistance Xp is the rotor inductive reactance The Speed of Induction Motor is changed from Both Stator and Rotor Side. Tal speed control of three phase induction motor from stator side are further classified as : * V/£ control or frequency control. * Changing the number of stator poles. * Controlling supply voltage. ° Adding heostat in the stator circuit.BLDC Motor-Construction or. The stator core frame which we inner periphery #0 house the Ths teehee compel it The rotor ix made up of forged steel be wound for the anme gumber of permancat mapacts, Ts on xhould be fedback ‘output is used 10 acted wow ‘ ‘conductors. the DC source through 1 and carries perm be mounted on the shaft. The sense thes in the Typical BLDC motor ix shown in Fig. 3-17 ‘erter circuit that Stator trame Stator core Armature Permanent magnet Sw omrmese ie A Dive iit BLDC mar Stator windings of a BLDC motor are connected to a control ci rc switching circuit or inverter circuit). uit (an integrated «The control circuit energizes proper winding at the proper time, in around the stator. ina pattern which rotates + permanent magnets on the rotor try to align with the energized el stator, and as soon as it aligns, the next electromagnets are, ae ne ofthe + Thus, the rotor keeps running, f https://www.youtube.com/watch?v-VaWGIVHUCBJATOR MOTOR A linear actuator (opens new window) is a machine component that is designed to 4 for str motion from an electric motor into linear motion. These components are typically Use push / pull movements, although they can also be used for lifting and tilting convert rotations! aight in force and speed. When we talk about linear actuators, we often discuss the trade-off betwee! id what is mn However, to fully appreciate this, its useful to understand how a linear actuator Works, 2 going on inside the actuator during operation. Some of the industries in which you'll find linear actuators include: * Aerospace * Automation * Automotive * Energy * Food and beverage © Machine tool © Materials handling = Medical = Packaging + Pharmaceutical © Printing SERVO MOTOR: A servo motor is a type of electric motor that can rotate or move to a specific position, speed, or torque based on an input signal from a controller. servo motor consists of three main components: « Amotor: This can be either a DC motor or an AC motor depending on the bes the application requirements. The motor provides the mechanical power to rotate or the output shaft. move , an encoder, a resolver, or anoth + Asensor: This can be either a potentiometer, an ii ce measures the position, speed, or torque of the output shaft and sends feedback ie the controller. sionals © Acontroller: This can be either an analog or a digital circuit that compares the signals from the sensor with the desired setpoint signals from an external ee computer or a joystick) and generates control signals to adjust the Source (such motor’s voltage or current accordingly.and ensure 's movement The controller uses a closed-loop feedback system to regulate the motor’: that it matches the desired setpoint within a certain tolerance. tegral- it tional The controller can also implement various control algorithms, such as prope! the performance of derivative (PID) control, fuzzy logic control, adaptive control, etc., to optimize the servo motor. Applications of Servo Motors fs f th: ¢ e of the Servo motors have a wide range of applications in various fields and industries. Som: common applications are: * Robotics: Servo motors are used to Provide precise motion and force for robotic. arms, legs, joints, grippers, etc, They enable robots to perform tasks such as picking, placing, welding, assembling, etc. * CNC machinery: Servo motors are used to drive the axes of CNC machines such as lathes, mills, routers, etc. They enable CNC machines to perform accurate and complex machining operations such as cutting, drilling, engraving, etc. * Automated manufacturing: Servo motors are used to cee ™ Cl ect, difleret. apn” TOME ce etecta PPI catigh see then of g darving motos Mainly ae 5 following factors Ls = Sle Chaya clearetras Cchanreql character sts oF motors for So Site and rating of metas +. Cosk Electyicol Chavacterist'es: = Starting Choractest es of a motor charvockerietres of for speed contol > Running oe - ~ Techniques - Techniques fox beakiog ehanreal Considerations - § Be qu pes of denclosuse> Types of beasto9s Hew ea0 emission of power would take 09 types “Acceptable level of norse = ing of motors cycle: Continuous tnfecmitientMicrocontroller based speed control for Induction Motor.2p ——$—— astoot fi Yacontvolled [—] Lise oe s? Bio f ecti ea ieee bridge Enducto? or j}—| sei) — inverter paotor Display speed feedback sed ap ary Eee gaurrel ptrolles block diagra VJ joop control of three phase cage Inductor lav Ge neon _ Fig: shows the here 12 _the poneiple of spetd control used ERe tayo raele statos voltege Ay, vasvable @ ares frequency CF) eantrof oF constant Nip contrel: operation eC as eee Ge Ac - Aa sges te connected we ctifre and applic ves (it lies supply 'S te an uncontrolled weqhhes = wae ene ftites Bane, (tebe 2 ON veriane noe VS dhe wsipple coment ta terecips oe Ee rectifier £0 produce o pure leperee oe ate ren |S sao tee ae Beeb fnvexter ithe pwr investor preduces qs Lhve, pope. votrele Collnoer retin bia ok = output voltage with constant wy ee anent output ° =F a? OO —a—astaltow VO\kag @ ~Thrs valtoge Sexves as a Por M¥e., Lhvee Phase tnducton motoy RE era ecoront Varrouvs controllers axe iraplemeoted by BE cunect conteollors means. of software pregrams: