Pege d ot3

Experiment No.4
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP SET TEST RIG

Aim : To study characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump at constant

speed
Deseription : A centrifugal pump consists of an impeller rotating inside a
casing. The impeller has a number of curved vanes. Due to
the centrifugal force developed by the rotation of the the
impeller, water entering at the centre flows outwards to
periphry. Here it is collected in a gradually increasing
This
passage in the casing known as volute chamber.
chamber converts a part of the velocity head (K.E.) of the
water into pressure (P.E.). For higher heads, multistage
centrifugal pumps having two or more impellers in series will
have to be used.

Experimental a. Prime the pump to be tested with water if required

Procedure: b. Close the two valves (valve B & C) inter-connecting the
delivery line of pump 2 and the suction, delivery line of
pump one completely.
C. If pump one is tested, open the valve in the suctiou line
(valve A) completely.
d. Close the pump delivery valve (valve B, valve D or
valve Edepending upon which pump is tested).
e. Turn on the pump switch
f. Note the following readings :
i. Pr. gauge reading G Kg/cm
ii. Vacuum gauge reading Vmm of Hg
ii. Time taken for 10 revolutions of the energy meter
disc.
iv, Time for 10 cm rise in collecting tank.
v. Difference of levels between the pressure and the
vacuun gauge, X m of water.
g) Take several sets of readings varying the head from
max. at shut off to min. where the valve is fully opened.
This is done by closing or opening the delivery valve
(throttling the valves).
 CALCULATION: -
1). For discharge Q
Area of collecting tank A = 0.6 x 0.6 m
Time for ten cmn rise of water =t sec.
Discharge Q=Ax 0.1/t =0.36 x 0.1/t m'/sec.
2). For Head H
Total head H= 10(G + V/760) m of water.
3). Optput of the pump (P)
Output = WQH/1000 Kw.
4). Input to the pump ()
Energy meter constant C = 1200 rev/Kw-hr.
Time for ten revolution of energy meter disc =T sec.Revolution of disc.
Input to motor =3600 N/CT where N= No. Of.
Pump input = motor input x efficiency = motor input x 0.8
5). Pump efficiency (n0)
Pump efficiency = Pump output x100.
Pump input
 CENTUt PUMP txpr.

OBSERVATION
1) Area of
2)
collecting tank : 0.6x0.6 m
Energymeter Constant : 1200 rev./KW-Hr
Sr. Pressure Olp l/p I Kw
No. Vacuum Total Time Dischar Time
Gauge gauge head H for 10 ge Q for 10 (total),
kg/cm? mm of m of cm rise t m'/S revol. T KW
Hg water sec. (secs.)

Result :

Conclusion :
 Closed
Open

Valves
A,C,D
Valves
B,¬

0PERATION
PARALLEL
OP
ERAT
LOK

SERIES
RIG
TEST

PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL
ALTECH
OX

D
 15.295
28.85 18.425
26.23
1.289
0.706 1.446
1.186 %
% n
n

0.9554
0.8541
0.7237 0.9501
1.106
1.138
1.151.148 /P KW
/P KW

Total
KW 0.1107 0.2506
0.17506
TotalX1o3
KW 8.12
0.0135 0.2464
0.0148 0.016 o/P
RIG o/P

TEST
10
for
Timerevolution 10
for
Timerevolution
sec(s)
33.16 25.26
28.125.12
SET 20.84
secls) 20.89
21.09
21.7

PUMP

Q 104
1.918
X 104
Discharge X
5.634 Q 104
X
4.554
Discharge 104 X 104
104
11.86X X
25.35
19.89
10
4.56
X 10 X
6.685 m'/s
CENTRIFUGAL m'/s

cm cm
2 rise
secs 37.53 12.78
15.79 10.77 2 secs
rise 15.81
6.073.622.84
for for
Time Time

Total
H
head
ofWVater H
head
TotalWater
of
m
3.315
4.316 2.447
2.447 24.789 12.842
21.18 7.039

Vacuum
gauge
Vgauge
ofHg Hg
of
Vgauge
Vacuum
gauge
1 100100 110110 2 140155
pump pump 60 90

for
for
Observations
kg/cm
gauge kg/cm
gauge
OUservations
Pressure Pressure
0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.4 1.1 0.5
2

Sr No 1 2. 3. 4. Sr. No 2
3. 4.
 fage d %6

Experiment No. 2
FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG

Aim : To study the characteristics of a Francis turbine.

in dams &
Description : Francis turbine is a reaction turbine used
into
reservoirs of medium height to convert hydraulic energyradial
turbine is a
mechanical and electrical energy. Francis best suited for
inward flow reaction turbine which are
the advantage of
medium head say 40m tÍ 300m. this has
reducing the
centrifugal forces acting against the flow, thus
ranges from 25
tendency of the turbine to over speed the N,
to 300.
3.72 Kw (5 hp) turbine
The turbine test rig consists of a pump
centrifugal
supplied with water from a suitable 15 hp a flow measuring
through suitable pipelines, sluice valve and
venturimeter. The turbine consist of a C.I. body with a
consisting of two
volute casing and a gunmetal runner,vanes. The runner is
shrouds with aerofoil shaped curved
gunmetal guide vanes.
surrounded by a ring of adjustable wheel
vanes can be rotated about their axis by a hand
These
their position is indicated by a pair of dummy guide
and turbine casing. At the outlet, a
draft
vanes fixed outside the turbine.
the net head across the
tube is provided to increase drum to
runner is attached to an ofp shaft with a brake
The
absorb the energy produced.
pump enters through the guide
Water under pressure from through the spiral casing and
vanes into runner while passing
a portion of the pressure energy is converted
guide vanes, runner at a high
velocity energy. Water thus enters one
into
through the runner vanes, the
velocity and as it passes converted in K.E. Due to the
remaining pressure energy is the
the vanes, the KE. is transformed into
curvature of mechanical
i.e. the water head is converted into from the
M.Energy, water
runner rotates. The
energy and hence the
into the turbine. The discharge
runner is then dischargedregulated by operating guide vanes
through the runner can be pipelines into the turbine is
through the
also. The flow venturimeter fitted in the pipeline. The
measured with the pressure gauges. The net
venturimeter i_ accompanied withturbine inlet and exit is
across the
pressure difference The
gauge and vacuum gauge.
measured with a pressure
 jealye
Tube
Draft
Sump
Runner
6
o%
2
Page

Casing
Scroll
RIG Ventecimetr
StoyVomes
TEST
TURBINE
FRANCIS SpeeRing

Gauge Set
Pamp Level
Floor
Resur
oot
Valve
Sump

Delivesy
Pipe

Syclion
pipe
 FRANCIS TURBINE EPT Page 3 56

turbine o/p torque is determine with a rope brake

dynamometer. A tachometer is used to measure the speed in
Ipm.

Procedure : 1) Prime the pump if necessary.

2) Keep the guide vanes at 2/8h opening.
3) Close the main sluice valve and then start pump.
4) Open the sluice valve for required discharge when the
pump motor switches from star to delta mode.
5) Load the turbine by adding weights in weight hanger,
open the brake drum, C.W. gate valve for cooling the
brake drum.
6) Measure the turbine speed (rpm) with tachometer.
7) Note the pr. Gauge &vacuum gauge readings.
8) Note the venturimeter, pressure gauge readings.
9) Repeat the experiment for other loads.
10) Repeat the experiment for guide vane openings 4/8, 6/8
and fullopening. be
11) For constant speed tests, the main sluice valve has to
adjusted to vary the inlet head and discharge for varying
loads (at 3/8" guide vane opening).

Calculations : 1. To determine discharge, Q:

Venturimeter line pr. gauge readings, P =3.0 kg/cm
Venturimeter throat pr. gauge reading, P,=2.8 kg/cm
Pressure difference, h= (P-P2) x 10m of water,
.. h=(3.0- 2.8)x 10
.:. h=2m of water
Venturimeter discharge, Q =0.0131Vh m'lsm'/s
Q=18.53 x 10
2. To determine the inlet head of water kg/cm
Turbine pr. gauge reading, G= 1.031
V=90mm of Hg
Turbine vacuunm gauge reading,
Total head, H= 10(G+ V) m of water
760
.:. H=(1.03 1+ 90/760) x 10
.:. H=11.5m of water
3. I/P of the turbine :
1000H.P.
IP power, I =QxHx
75
=9.81Q.H. KW
:I-(18.053 x10)(11.5) (1000)
75
CALCULATIONS: -

). To determine discharge Q
Venturimeter line pressure gauge reading = P, Kg/cm
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading = P, Kg/m
Pressure difference h = (P -P)x 10 m of water.
Venturimeter equation Q=0.0131 hm'/sec.
2). To determine the inlet head of water
Turbine pressure gauge reading = G Kg/cm
Turbine vacuum gauge reading = V mm of Hg.
Total head H= 10(G + V/760) m of water.

3). Input to the turbine

Input power I= WQH/L000 Kw.
4). Turbine Output
Brake drum diameter = 0.30 m.
Rope diameter = 0.015 m.
Equivalent drum diameter D, =0.315 m.
Equivalent drum radius Re=0.315/2 =0.1575 m.
Hanger weight =To = 1Kg.
Weight on the hanger = T, Kg.
Spring balance reading = T; Kg.
Resultant load =T=(TË+ To - TT) Kg=(T; +To-T) x 9.81 N.
Speed of the turbine = N.rpm.
Output power = 2TNT,/60 = 2rN(T x R)/60 Kw.
5). Turbine efficiency
Efficiency %n=Output/Input x100.
Performance Characteristic curves
1). Constant Head Characteristic Curves
From the data obtained from the tests unit discharge Qu, unit power unit
Nu, and overall efficiency no are computed for each gate openingPu,with speed
N, as
abscissa the values of Qu, P, and 10 for each gate opening are plotted. For Francis
turbine Qu v/s Nå are dropping curves. The curves P, v/s N, and no v/s are
in shape. parabolic

2). Constant Speed Characteristic Curves

Output power v/s discharge and no v/s discharge graphs are plotted. Both these
graphs should be plotted from a certain minimum discharge Qo, which is
required to
Initiate the motion of the turbine runner fromn its state of rest. Output v/s
graph as a straight line and overall efficiency no v/s discharge graph is discharge
curvilinear.
Resutb

ONCLLS1 ONS
 Efficiency
% 24.51 25.23
29.4230.886.3016.13 31.42 15.50 29.63
n 6.88
17.52 26.84 6.14 25.61 31.46 17.92
6.83
27.58
30.89
31.48

O/P (KW) 0.3260.835 1.2611 0.343

0.848 1.561
1.057 1.324 1.409
1.247 0.788
0.289 1.203
1.310 0.281
1.391 0.703
1.029
1.153
1.175

Turbine(KW) 4.2863
4.2863 5.4394 5.25014.7135 4.4224 3.9263
4.942 4.96685.0829
4.3118 5.2579 4.4224 3.733
I/P 4.7374.769 4.697 4.119 3.733 3.733

(T;-T;
NCT 1) 6.55 4.75 8.35
2.9 4.7 8.35 2.854.7 8.25
+ 6.5 2.9 4.8 6.758.35 2.9 6.6
1 1 1 1
(kg)
T,
balance
Spring
0.1 0.3 0.45
0.65 0.15 0.25
0.3 0.5
0.75
0.1 0.2 0.250.65 0.1 0.4 0.65
HEAD 0 0 0 0
(kg)
TË
on hanger
Wt
CONSTANT
2 8 0 2 4 8 4 6 0 2 4

Speed (rpm)
2020
1780
1390
1190 164013401170
1840
9802120
1680
1790 155012001030 150013401080
1740 870

READING: Discharge
(m'/s) 0.0403
0.0393 0.0393
0.0393 0.0393 0.037 0.0393
0.0393 0.0393
0.0393 0.0393
0.0393
0.0393
0.037 0.037 0.037 0.037
0.037 0.037
0.037

TURBINE P;-P,
(P-
Pa)x10

Venturimeter
reading 9.5
9 8 9 9 9
8 9 9 9 8 9
FRANCIS
0.8 0.95 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
0.25
P, 0.6 0.150.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1

1.15 1.1
P, 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1,1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
1
12.1842
12.1842
13.1842 10.1842
12.1842
13.052 11.118
11.184 14.486
14.986
11.118 13.618
13.618 12.986
13.684 10.684 9.684
9.684
head
Inlet 12.052 9.684

VacuumHg)
gauge
(mm
75 85 85 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
90 90 90
80 80 90 85 85 75

Pressure
(Kg/cm)
gauge
1.351.251.251.251.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.10.950.9 0.850.850.85
1.2 1.1. 1.4
1
position 2 Full
Gatevalve
 % 8.67 28.159 31.46 35.57 47.13
n

B.H.P(KW) 0.1779 0.836 1.130 1.450 1.922

(KW) 2.0517 2.9706 3.5915 4.077

LH.P 4.0782

1)(Kg)
(T-T;
NCT 4.7 6.35 8.15 10.8
1
+
balance
Spring(kg) 0.3 0.65 0.85 1.2
0

on
Wt (kg)
hanger
11
4 6 8

(rpm) 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100

N

Discharge
(m'/s)0.0414 0.0393 0.0403 0.0403
0.037

(P,-P,)x10
P,-P2
10 9.5 9.5
9
reading
Venturimeter

0.8 0.9 0.95 0.95

1

1.3 0.8 0.4

P2 0 0

1.6 1.3 0.95 0.95

P1 2.3

8.1842 9.3157
10.315 10.3157
Inlethead 5.052
opening
VacuumHg)
(mm
gauge 100 100
90 100
80
3/4""

(Kg/cm)
opening:Pressure 0.9
gauge 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9

Valve 5.
1. 3. 4.
Sr. No 2. 1
 (Kg/cm(mm
positionHg) valve Gate
valve y
opened.
from ad gauge
Pressure
opening:
Valve N=
the and
gauge
Vacuum
inlet
meter gy
head
|Venturimeter
| reading
PI
or D
alve P2
FRANCIS
lineuctiou P1-P2
of
line ery X TURBINE:
tecting
he (P1-P2)
10
uired
m'/s)Discharge AT
l series n CONSTANT
Z
K.of
E.)
nber. y (rpm)
(kg)TI SpeedN
to
wards SPEED
hanger
Wt
ofation on
Dueo anes.
ating (TI12T2
balance
SpringN
(kg)
atip +
1)
(KW) LH.P
(KW) p
B.H.
n%
 (%)
n
(KW)
Turbine
OP

(KW)
balance
(TIT2
WP

1)
N +
Spring (kg)
T2
HEAD |
(kg)
hanger
Wt
on
TI
CONSTANT
Discharge
Speed (rpm)
N

READING:
m''s)
Q
(P1-P2)
TURBINE 10
X
Venturimeter
reading
Pl-P2
FRANCIS

P2

PI

Inlethead

VacuumHg)
(mm
gauge
(Kglcm)|
Pressure
gauge

position
Gate valve 1/2 1/4 3/4 Full