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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR

FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG

Manufactured by:

ROORKEE EQUIPMENT & MODELS PVT LTD

Factory : C-18 Ram Nagar Industrial Area, Ram Nagar
Roorkee Distt-Haridwar,
Roorkee-247 667.
Email: rempvtltd@yahoo.in , remtender007@gmail.com
Website: www.rempvtltd.com
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FRANCIS TURBINE

AIM OF THE OBJECT:

To determine operating characteristics of Francis Turbine.

INTRODUCTION

The hydraulic turbines are classified according to the type of energy available at the inlet of the
turbine, direction of flow through the vanes. The Hydraulic turbines mainly of two types:
1. Impulse Turbine
2. Reaction Turbine
Francis Turbine is axial flow reaction turbine. If the water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of

the shaft the turbine is known as axial flow turbine. And of the head at the inlet of the turbine is the

sum of pressure energy and kinetic energy and during the flow of water through runner at part of

pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, the turbine is known as reaction turbine.

The main parts of a Francis Turbine are :

1. Scroll casing
2. Guide vanes mechanism
3. Hub with vanes or runner of the turbine
4. Draft tube

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

This apparatus i.e. Francis Turbine is designed for laboratory experiments and study purpose and to
conduct tests in metric units for the following specifications:

Net head : 10 meters

Discharge : 1000 LPM

Normal speed : 1500 RPM

Motor & Pump : 5 HP Monoblock Pump Crompton Make

The turbine consists of a spiral casing a rotor assembly, shaft and brake drum all mounted on a

sturdy support pedestal. A straight conical draught tube is provided vertically after the runner. Rope

brake arrangement with suitable pulleys is provided for loading the turbine. The input into the
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turbine controlled by a set of guide vanes. The net supply head is measured by means of a

differential manometer. For the measurement of speed tachometer is to be used.

SPECIFICATIONS

Motor : AC 5 HP (Kirloskar make)

Centrifugal pump : 80 x 85 mm coupled with motor (Kirloskar make)

No. of guide vanes : 8

Brake drum diameter : 230 mm

Rope Daimeter : 15 mm

Gauge : Pressure gauge

STANDARD DATA

g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/sec2

D = Diameter of brake drum = 200 mm = 0.200 m

D = diameter of pipe = 0.064 m

A = area of pipe = 0.0032 m2

Cd = Coefficient of discharge = 0.68

h1 –h2 = Difference of Pressure across the limbs of orifice meter

FORMULA USED

1. TOTAL HEAD
H = 10 x Pressure Gauge reading = ……. meter

2. WATER FLOW RATE OR DISCHARGE Q

A1= area of pipe

A2= area of throat

3. IHP(Input)
= γ Q H kW
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γ Specific weight of Water = 9.810 KN/m2

4. B.H.P. (Output)
kW
Where,

kW

Where,

Rope with Hanger weight = 1.0Kg

W1 = Weight + Hanger with Belt Reading

W2 = Spring Balance

D = Brake drum diameter + Belt Diameter

= 200 mm + 15 mm +15 mm = 0.230 meter

N = Number of R.P.M. of brake drum

5. EFFICIENCY OF TURBINE

PROCEDURE
1. Unload the Turbine if there is any load on it.
2. Fill the sump tank with sufficient amount of water
3. Switch ON the power supply to start the centrifugal pump
4. Now open the delivery valve slowly and adjust the required head at the inlet
of turbine. Simultaneously manipulate by-pass valve so as to adjust the required head.
5. Now open the supply of the water top cool load drum.
6. Now adjust the load on load drum and note the corresponding reading on fixed
spring balance. Also measure the RPM.
7. Repeat the above procedure for different inlet pressures
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FRANCIS TURBINE OBSERVATION TABELS

S. RPM Pressure
2
No. N Gauge Pressure Difference (kg/cm )

= H x 12.6 cm
Reading h1 h2 H = h2-h1
of H2O

Rope ηTURBINE
Break
Pressure BP Input BP Output
S.No reading
W
Head kW kW (Output/Input) x 100

CALCULATION EXP :-
1. TOTAL HEAD

H = 10 x Pressure Gauge reading

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= 10 X gauge reading

= meter

2. WATER FLOW RATE OR DISCHARGE Q

m3/se

3. INPUT = γQH
γ Specific weight of Liquid = 9.810 KN/m2
=Kw

4. . OUTPUT =

Belt with Hanger weight = 1.0 Kg

w1 = Weight + Hanger with Rope Reading

w2 = Spring balance

D = Brake drum diameter+ Belt Diameter=220 mm+15 mm+15mm = 0.230 meter

N = Number of R.P.M. of brake drum

Kw

= kW.

7. EFFICIENCY OF TURBINE
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η= %