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Experiment No. 3,
PELTON TURBINE

Aim : Tostudy the characteristics of pelton wheel turbine

Description : Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine used to utilize high head
for generation of electricity. Allthe available pressure head
is converted into energy by means of spear and nozzle
arrangement. The water leaves the nozzle in a jet form and
this water jet strikes the buckets of pelton-wheel runner.
These buckets are in the shape of double cup joined at the
middle portion. The jet strikes the knife edge of the bucket
with least resistance and shock. the jet then glides along the
path of the cup and deflects through more than 160° - 170°.
This causes a change in momentum of the water jet and
hence an impulsive force is supplied to the cup. As a result
the cups attached to the runners move which in turn rotates
the shaft.
The pelton wheel is supplied with water under high pressure
by a centrifugal pump. The water flows through a
venturimeter before it enters the turbine. A gate valve is used
to control the flow rate to the turbine. The nozzle opening
can be increased or decreased by operating the spear wheel at
the entrance side of turbine. The turbine is loaded by
applying dead weight on the brake drum by placing the
weight on the weight hanger. The inlet head is read from the
pressure gauge and speed of the turbine with a tachometer.
Procedure : a) Keep the nozzle opening at 2/8h open position.
b) Prime the pump if necessary.
c) Close the delivery gate valve completely and start the
pump.
d) After the motor starter has changed to mode and the
motor is running at normal speed open the delivery gate
valve.
e) Note the turbine inlet pressure in the
to the nozzle bend. If the pressure is pressureorgauge fixed
higher lower than
required pressure adjust the delivery gate valve to set to
design inlet pressure. At the same time ensure that the
flow rate does not exceed the design valve as
rate will overload the motor.
large flow
f) Note down the speed of the turbine.
 75 mm Suction pipe
65 mm Delivery Pipe
--Foot
Valve
Uhderground
Tans
75X65
Aessuse PELTON
Gjauge
Mo:oblbck
WHEEL
Punnp
Set TURBINE
Pelton
Whee!
Turbine
TEST
VentusirnetertnmG5
RIG
---f
Dischaye
Valve
 g) Note down the
venturimeter
h) Load the turbine by adding pressure gauge readings.
weight to the hanger.
i) Repeat the experiment for different loads.
i) Repeat the experiment for 4/8, 3/4 and
positions of the nozzle. full opening
k) For constant speed test at lower load the flow
rate and
inlet pressure is reduced by closing the delivery gate
valve.
Calculations : For 1 set of readings of 1" table
a) To determine the discharge Q
- Venturimeter line pr. Gauge reading
Pl -6.2 kg/cm
- Venturimeter throat pr. Gauge reading
P2 - 6.0 kg.cm
- Pressure difference, h = (P,-P)x 10 m of water
.:.h=2m of water
-Discharge, Q = 0.0055 Vh m²/s
.:.Q=7.78 x 10 m'/s
b) To determine head H
- Turbine pr. Gauge reading, xG=3kg/cm'
.:. Total head H=Gx 10.0 m of water
..H=30m of water.
c) Input to turbine (1)
I=(1000) gQH/736 Hp
:. I=(1000) (9.81) (7.78 x 10) (30)736
.:I/P =3.112 Hp
d) Turbine Output (P)
- Brake drum dia=0,40 m
-Rope dia =0.015 m
Equivalent drum dia =0.415 m
Hanger weight T, = 1kg
Wt.on hanger (Ti) = 2 kg
-Spring balance load T2 =0.2 kg.
- Resultant load T = (To + TË -T2) = 2.8 kg.
Speed of the turbine, N= 900 rpm
Turbine output = LDNT Hp
4500
.:P=x(0.415)\(900)(2.8)
4500
.P=0.73 HP
 t<pld (Pelton hee)

Caleulatinng: -
1). To determiue Gicharge
"Iertur'meter 'ine pressure gaug ing = P; Kg/cm
Ver.turirieter throat pressure gauge rcading = P2 Kg/cm
Presrure iference h=(P1-P) x 10m of water.
Ciscirarge ( =0.0155Vh m'/sec.

2). To determine head H

Turt ine pressure gauge reading = 3 Kg/cm
Total head H= Gx 10m of water.
?;.npu: ofurbine I
rput = WQH/1000 Kw.

4). Turbine outputP

Brake drum diameter =0.40 n.
Rope drum diameter = 0.015 m.
Bquivalent drum diameter, D =0.415 m.
Hanger weight T,= 1 kg.
Weight on hanger = TË kg.
Spring balance load =T; kg.
Resuitant load T = (To+T,-T;) kg = (TotT;-T;) x 10 N.
Speed of the turbine =N rpm.
Turbine output = 21IN(T.DI2)/60 kw.
5). Turbine efficiency nÍ
Turbine efficiency no=P/lx 100 %
Performance characteristics curves: -
1). Constant head characteristics curves
Erom the data obtained from the tests unit discharge
and overall efficiency (n) are computed for each gate
(Qu), unit power (P), unit speed (N.)
opening. With N, as abscissn the
values of Qu, Pu and no for each gate opening are plotted. For
are horizontal straight lines. The curves P, v/s N, are parabolicPelton
in turoine Q, v/s N,
2). Constant speed characteristic curves shape.
Output power v/s discharge and mo V/s discharge graphs are plotted. Both .l.
should be plotted from a certain minimum discharge Qo, which is grapns
motion of the discharge graph is astraight !ine and
overall required to initiate the
graph is curvilinear. efficiency no v/s discharge
 head
OBSERVATION: For Constant

reading = kg/cm
1). Pressure gauge
=
2). Total Head
m.
Nu= Qu= Pu=
Dynamometer Reading Speed O/P= VP= NVH Q/VH P/H2
Q= 2r1NTD WQH O/P
Venturimeter Reading T= N
Spear Equi- 0.0)55Vh Wt. on Spring Net
(To+T;- RPM 2 1000 I/P
valve P | P2 P;- P2 Bal.
Kg/cm h m. m'ls Hanger KW KW
position Kg Kg, TË kg T; kg T)10
cm cm N
OBSERVATION: For Constant Speed
1). Constant speed = RPM

Gate Venturimeter Reading Q= Dynamometer Reading Speed O/P= /P= Nu= Qu= Pu=
valve P P P;- P2 Equi- 0.0035vh Wt. on Spring Net T= N 2rjNTD WOH OP NNH Q/VH PH2
position Kg Kg Kg/cm hm. m'ls Hanger Bal. (To+T;- RPM 2 1000 IIP
cm cm T, kg T; kg T2)10 KW KW
N
PositionValve Gate 2)

N=900
CONSTANT
rpm SPEED
FOR
Kgem P.

Venturimeter
Readings
Kglcm P>

Kg/cm? P,-P2

water, h
ofm'HeadEqu.

0.0055Vh Q=

hanger
kg
TË Wt. on
Dynamometer
Readings
Bal.
Spring
kg
T;

kg NCT
(T,-T;)+1) T

loheel
felonE.
N
rpmSpeed

DNT6
oP
=
Kw

pQH IP=
Kw
0.1

olp
ilp %

VH N,=
N.

N4=P=|
VHQ.

H3/2
P.
 Observations:
position valve Gate
l4 3|4 Full

62 58 51 45 Head
m
For
Constant
6 5.6 5.2 4.7 Kg/cm P

Venturimeter
reading Head
5.8 5.2 4.4 3.7 Kg/cm P

5.8 0.4 0.8 1

Kg/cm -P2 P,

water
h(m)
Equivalent
head of
2 4 10

0.0078 0.011 0.0155 0.01739

m'/s 0.0055
Vh Q=

hanger Wt
on
6 4 2 6 4 2 6 2 2 0
TË
kg TURBINE
PELTON
Dynamometer
reading

0.175 0.375 balance

0.3 0.25 0.1 .0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.31 0.22 0.12 0.4 0.31 0.25 0.15 kg
T;Spring
0

4.825
|18.625
8.7 6.75 2.9 6.7 4.8 2.9 6.69 4.78 2.88 6.69 4.75 2.85 -T,+T=T1 NCT
1 8.6 1 8.6 1 1

1050 1140 1250 1340 1450 1300 1350 1400 1460 1510 1295 1340 1390 1440 1480 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 RpmSpeed

1943.97 1283.47
1637.53 826.95 2386.07
308.56 1924.8 901.013
1430.04 1907.7 314.95 1781.98
2199.11 1315.84
321.33 2370 1413.9882.5 819.87298.3 TDNT
60 (W) o/P

4742.5 6256.6 7752.16 7674.19

Wa4
(W) /P

34.529
40.99 27.06317.44 6.5138.1330.7622.85 14.4 5.1330.57 24.618.2411.38 4.0628.6523.2217.1410.68
3.88
(%) 1/P 0/P

133.35144.78 177.26
170.18184.15170.69
158.75 198.27
183.83191.71 187.63
181.33 194.63
201.64207.24 186.34
178.85 193.79
201.25208.7
rpm
NNu

0.00099 0.00217 0.0026

0.0014
M'/s VH Qu

0.6325
3.9853.357 2.631.695 0.7262
5.39 4.35 3.232.036 6.4945.2273.8742.4180.8637.2835.9024.3582.7150.988
(W) P Pu
 H
0.3 0.011 0.4 5.9 5.5
0.0031 96.16 46.70 1.349 0.630 8.7 4
.5 0.014 0.25 0.011 0.4 6
5.6
0.0035 107.5 45.31 1.0791 0.489 6.75 6 4
10 0.0154 0.0095 0.3 5.7 FULL
0.0035 120.2 47.65 0.745 0.355 340 4.9 0.1 4 3
0.0156 0.0078 0.2 6 5.8
0.0032 138.8 46.62 0.459 0.214 2.95 0.05 2 2
6
0.0145 0.0055 0.1 5.9
0.025 0.0038 240.4 66.6 0.108 0.072 1
2 1 +T; kgT; kgTË water
h Kg/cm Kg/cm position
(%) 60 m'/s Vh Kg/cm
H/2(KW) IJP WOH nDNT Rpm T=T, balance hanger of Pi-P2
(KW) 0.0055 Equivalent head P P1 valve
m 0/P (KW) Speed NCT Spring onWt Gate
ad N /P Q=
P Nu= no= O/P reading
Dynamometer reading
Venturimeter
Pu= Qu=
0.415m
Observations:
=D
 N
Valve Opening Nu= Qu= (10') Pu=P/H°/2 (10)
559.17 10.256 6.932
S12.77 11.629 19.622
400.75 11.753 27.25
325.99 11.753 30.7
294.147 11.753 35.311
547.74 9.7365 5.915
475.4 9.7365 15.39
447.123 10.03 24.81
363.118 10.03 28.25
316.5 10.03 31.04
482.09 10.4017 5.817
462.755 10.4017 16.01
444.127 11.547 24.4
3/4 343.84 10.616 44.4
10.616 48.643
295.13
12.025 12.97
552.43
12.025 31.14
488.934
12.628 50.77
Full 430.603
12.628 56.74
347.053
12.628 54.95
263.503