INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TEST RIG

 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TEST RIG

THEORY:

The Principle parts of a centrifugal pump are the impeller with its
shaft and the casing which surrounds it. A centrifugal pump thus consists of
an impeller rotating inside a spiral or volute casing. Liquid is admitted to the
impeller in an axial direction, through a central opening in its side called the
Eye. It then flows radially outward and is discharged around the entire
circumference into a casing. As the liquid flows through the rotating
impeller energy is imparted to the fluid which results in increase in both the
pressure and the Kinetic energies. Since a large part of the energy of liquid
leaving the impeller is kinetic, it s necessary to reduce the absolute velocity
of flow and transform a large portion of this velocity head into pressure
head.
The name of the pump ‘CENTIRFUGAL’ is derived from the fact that
the discharge of the liquid from the rotating impeller is due to the centrifugal
head created in it. When a liquid mass is rotated in a vessel, these results a
pressure rise throughout the mass, the rise at any point being proportional to
the square of angular velocity and the distance of the point from the axis of
rotation. This high pressure near the impeller and the distance of the point
from the axis of rotation. This high pressure near the impeller outlet forces
the liquid out and cause it to rise in the delivery pipe. At the eye of the
impeller a partial vacuum is created, and the atmospheric pressure in the
sump forces the liquid through the suction pipe to replace that liquid that is
being discharge from the impeller.
DEFINITIONS:

(1) STATIC HEAD:

The difference between the liquid levels in sump and high level in
the reservoir is called the static head or static lift and is represented by h. It
can be divided into two parts…
(i) Suction head hs which is the height of the centre line of the pump
above the liquid level in the sump.
(ii) Delivery head hd is the height of liquid level in the high level
reservoir measured from the centre line of the pump.
Thus h = hs + hd

(2) TOTAL HEAD:

The head which a pump delivers must equal the static head (or lift) plus all
losses in suction pipe, impeller and delivery pipe, in addition to the velocity
head in the delivery pipe. The loss term must include the energy loss in the
Strainer, valves and bends in the pipes. Let hfs and hfd denote the head loss in
the suction and delivery pipes respectively, the total head or total lift is.

H = h + hfs + hfd + Vd2/2g

= h + hf + Vd2/2g

Where Vd is the velocity in the delivery pipe and hf is the total head loss in
the pipe system.

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:

For optimum performance (i.e. operation at maximum efficiency) a

centrifugal pump is required to run at its design – speed, which happens to
be the speed of the driving motor. At this speed the head discharge
efficiency discharge, and the shaft power – discharge curves are called the
operating characteristics.
The head and the discharge corresponding to the maximum efficiency
are known as the normal (or design) head and normal (or design) discharge.
Form these characteristics it is possible to ascertain whether or not the pump
will be able to handle a given quantity of liquid against the desired head
from the P versus Q curve the size of the motor can also be determined.

TESTING PROCEDURE:

Make connections of pump through the switch starter and energy meter. Put
on the starter and see that pump rotates in proper direction.
Put sufficient water in the main tank. Start the pump and do priming
in case pump does not give discharges. Keep the discharge valve full open
and let water in the main tank.
The reading of suction and discharge gauge and the power consumed
by pump be noted on energy meter. Measure the discharge of pump in the
measuring tank by diverting the flow.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Area of Measuring Tank (A) = 0.30 x 0.30 m2

Height of water in measuring tank (h) = 0.17 m. in 15 Sec.
Q = Volume (V) /time (t), where V = A x h

Sl. Hs Hd Q in m Energy Meter

3 imp Time in Sec.
No. /sec

240 1.5 1.02 x 10-3 15

1 7
mmHg Kg/cm2 m2/Sec.

CALCULATION:
(i) Shaft Horse Power:
3600 × No . of imp. of energy meter
I .P. Elec. =
Energy meter cons tan t × time

Where energy constant = 1600 imp/Kwh

(ii) Water Horse Power

WHP = 9.81  Q  H (kW)

Where,

H = 10 × (Delivery Pressure gauge + Suction /760) + X

Where X = 0.91 meter (Difference in Elevation of Pressure Gauges.)

Q = Discharge, m 3/sec

W.H.P.
(iii) Overall Efficiency = ----------- x 100
SHP
GRAPHS:

(1) Discharge v/s Energy consumed.

(2) Discharge v/s Head in m.