ElHER ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS

OBJECIIVE:

To study the operation of Kaplan turbine.

AIM:

I. To delermine the output power of Kaplan turbine.

2. lo dternine the efficiency of the Kaplan turbine.

THEORY:

The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine. It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian
professor Viktor Kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with
ulomatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water
level.The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient
power production in low-head applications that was not possible with Francis turbines. The head
rmgcs from 10-70 meters and the output from 5 to 120 MWN. Runner diameters are between 2

umd 8 mcters. The range of the turbine is from 79 to 429 rpm. Kaplan turbines are now widely
Ised throughout the world in high-flow, low-head power production.

The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid
chunges pressure as moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Power is recovered
from both the hydrostatic head and from the kinetic energy of the flowing water. Kaplan turbines
ure widely uscd throughout the world for electrical power production. They cover the lowest
heud hydro sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions. The Kaplan turbine is the
lOst widely used of the propeller-type turbines, but several other variations exist:

Propeller urbines have non-adjustable propeller vanes. They are used in where the range of
hend is not large. Commercial products exist for producing several hundred watts from only a
lew leet of head. Larger propeller turbines produce more than 100 MW.

Bulh or T'ubular turbines are designed into the water delivery tube. A large bulb is centered in
the water pipe which holds the generator, wicket gate and runner. Tubular turbines are a fully
ANluldesign, whereas Kaplan turbines have a radial wicket gate.
 ETHER ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS
Pia turbines are bulb turbines
with a gear bOx. This allows fora
smaller generator and bulb.
Sirallo turbines are axial turbines with the
generator outside of the water channel, connected to
the periphery of thc runner.

S turbines clininate the need for a bulb housing by placing the

generator outside of the water
clunel. This is accomplished with a jog in the water channel and a shaft
connecting the runner
dgenerator.

VLIturbine an open flow, very low head "kaplan" turbine slanted at an angle to the water
(low. I has a large diameter >3.55m, is low speed using a directly connected shaft mounted
jermnent magnet alternator with electronic power regulation and is very fish friendly (<5%
mortality).

T'yson turbines are afixed propeller turbine designed to be immersed in a fast flowing river,
cither permanently anchored in the river bed, or attached to a boat or barge.

DESCRIPTION:

enters the turbine through

The present set-up consists of ascrollcasing housing a runner. Water
axially. The runner has a hub and
the Stationary guide vanes and passes through the runner
turbine by means of Centrifugal
uirloil vanes, which are mounted on it. The water is fed to the
end of a central SS shaft and other end is
P'ump. The runner is directly mounted on one
cylinder made of acrylic is fitted in
connectcd to a brake arrangement. A transparent hollow
of flow. Load is applied to the turbine with
betweenthe draft tube and the Casing for observation
calculated. The
that the efficiency of the turbine can be
the help of rope brake arrangement. So turbine. The set-up
supplied with control panel. A draft tube is fitted on the outlet of the
scl-up is
with guide mechanism. Pressure and Vacuum gauges are fitted at the inlet and outlet
is complete
supply head on the turbine.
of' the turbine tomeasure the total

UTLITESREQUIRED:
Water supply: Initial Fill
ElectricSupply: 3 Phase supply, 440 volt AC
Floor Drain

Space required 2.5mx 1.5mx 3.0 m

 ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
from dust.
(lcan thc apparatus and make it free
(lose allthe drainvalves provided.
that no foreign particles are there
3. Fillsump tank %with clean water and ensure
50Hz).
Now switch on the power supply (440 VAC,
Switch on the pump with the help of starter.
Now turbine is in operation.
7. Regulate the discharge by regulating the Guide vane position
8 Load the turbine with the help of hand wheel attached to rope brake dynamometer
9. Note the pressure gauge reading.
10. Note the RPM of the turbine.

Note the spring balance reading.

12. Repeat the same procedure for different load and different discharge.
13. When thec experiment is over, first remove loadon dynamometer
14. Switch off pump with the help of starter.
15. Switch off main power supply.

OBSERVATION & CALCULATIONS:

STANDARD DATA:

(o-ctlicicnt of discharge through venturimcter Diameter of rope D, 0,010 m

0.94
Acceleration due togravity g =9.81 Diameter of Brake Drum 0.2 m
Density of water pw = 1000Kg/m Diameter of Venturimeter, Dy =0.065 m
Diameter of pipe D, =0.080 m
 ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS

oSERVATION TABLE:

N (RPM) P, P; H W, W; WI
S.No.

CALCUL.ATIONS:

I| 10x P "m" of water

(, Lx D; (m')
4

4, =x
4
D; (m')

a,e, 28 m
/ai-a;)
W, =W -W;
2x9.81xIXNxW, xR, Kw
I,, = 60000

D, +(2D)

P, XgxQxH
1000
-(Kw)

I100%
T
ETHER ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS

(LCULATION TABLE:
S,Nu, N(RIM) Q(n'sce) T(kW) Re (m) T, (kW)
4(%)

NOMENCLATURE:

Nom Colunn Heading Units Type

2
('ross-scctional arca of pipe m Calculated
Cross-sectional arca of venturimeter m Calculated
Co-efficient of discharge through venturimeter Given

Diameter of pipe Given

Diameter of Brake drum m Given
Dy Diameter of venturimeter m Given
D, Diameter of rope m Given

Input power KW Measured

Output power KW Measured
Acceleration due to gravity m/s* Given
T'otal Head m Calculated
Pressure difference Kg/cm Calculated

P, P, Pressure readings on both pressure gauge Kg'cm Measured

RPM of runner shaft Measured

Discharge m'/s Calculated

R, Iquivalent Radius m Calculated

Wi Applicd weight Kg Measured

W: Dead weight Kg Measured

Density ofwater Kg/m Given

Elicieney of turbine Calculated

 ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS

PRECAUTIONS & MAINTAINANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

volts.
Do ot run the pump at low voltage i.e. less than 390
simultaneously
1 Nover ully closcd the delivery line and bypass line valves
dust.
I Always keep the apparatus free from
the pump once in a week.
lo preventclogging of moving parts, always run
parts, once in three months.
4 l'reyucntly grcase/oil the rotating
clean water
0. Always usc apparatus
will not be in use for more than one month, drain the
1. If the upparatus
completely.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

motor may be reversed. Change the

pump is not lifting any water, the revolution of
I. If the
motor to change revolution.
electric connection of the
panel is not showing input, check the main supply.
2. If the
 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

RRA
A
NGMENT

LOADIN

VENTURIUETER

PRESSURE
GA
UGE

BUTTERFLY
VALVE