Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Robert P. Phlllips
Barber-Colman Co.
Specialty Tools Division
Rockford, 11
Introduction worm gear hobs, wherein both sides of the hob thread have
The following is a general overview of some of the dif- leads different from the nominal hob lead: one side longer,
ferent factorsthat lead to the specific design. and the selec- the other side shorter, This results in the tooth thickness
tion of the correct tool for a given hob bing application. There being successively less toward the roughing end of the hob ..
will be three main sections investigated: axial feed - The rate of change of hob position parallel to the
A Basic review of the generating process as it relates to workpiece axis usually specified in -inches per revolution
gear hobbing, including general nomenclature of hob of the workpiece.
terms, and specific tooth modifications. axiaJ. plane-A plane containing the axis of rotation,
B. Hob error as it relates to gear accuracy, axial p.ressure angle - See definition under pressur,e angle ..
C. Optimization of hob design. back-off _. See preferred term cam relief, under relief.
cam. - The radial drop of the form in the angular distance
Hob Nomenclature between adjacent tooth faces.
The terms in Fig. 1, along with additional terms and their centering device - A ground locating pin used to center a
definitions follow, tooth Of space of the hob on the centerline of the
workpiece.
Nomenclature of Hob Elements and Other chamfer - A beveled surface to eliminate an otherwise sharp
Terms R.ela.ting to Hobbing corner.
.adjacent flu~e spacing- The variation from the desired angle climb hobbIng - Rotation of a hob in the opposite direction
between adjacent tooth faces measured in the plane of to the feed of the hob relative to the workpiece at the point
rotation. of contact. -
adjacent thread spacing - The difference in the average varia- clutch. keyway- See term keyway.
tionsobtained by traversing along the desired helical path common factor ratio -In multiple thread hobs, the condi-
of one thread, indexing and traversing in a similar~an~ tion wherein the gear tooth-hob thl'ead ratio is not a whole
ner on an adjacent thread. number, but there is a common factor of the number of
approach- See preferred term tip .I.'eliiefm.odification. gear teeth and the number of hob threads.
approach distance - The linear distance in the direction of conventional hobbing-Rotation of a hob in the same direc-
feed between the point of initiaJ hob 'contact and the point tion as the feed of the hob relative to the workpiece at the
of full hob contact. point of contact.
arbor coUar-A hollow cylinder which fits an arbor, and is cutting facewidth - The axial length of the relieved portion
used to position the hob. of the hob.
auxiliary Ieads - A feature employed on some hobs, especially cutting speed - The peripheral lineal speed resulting from
rotation, usually expressed as surface feet per minute, ~sfmJ
depth of cut - The radial depth to which the hob is sunk In-
to the workpiece.
AUIliOR: drawbar - A rod which retains the arbor, adapter or hob
shank in the spindle.
MR ROBERT PHllLlPS is an Engineering Supervisor at the even .rati:o-In multiple thread hobs, the condition. wherein
Barber-Colman Company where he supervises the design engineer-
the gear tooth-hob thread ratio is a whole number,
ing of their hob product line. He holds a BS in Mechanical Engineer~
ing from the University of Wisconsin ill Madison. He is a Certified feed - The rate of change of hob position while cutting.
Professional En.gineer and has served as a SME Chapter fillet -1- A curved line joining two lines to eliminate a sharp
Committeeman. internal corner. - 2 - A curved surface joining two surfaces
34Geor T:ec:hnologv
1-108 TERMS
(SINGLE THREAd'!) RIGHT HAND GROUND HOB SHOWN)
ST"AI(!M7T
c..,"
-4
""'HOLI[ OliITH
0" CuT' D +,F
ST .. JIIT Q~
.y~C,HI C,URVI f
f~nlll LIN[
TOOTH' PIltO"LI
O~ HO-.
0" P!IIIUUIII' ANGLE
Fig. 1
Mcre-h/Aprill 1986, 35
hunting ratio - See preferred term prlme ratio. Circular Pitch - The distance along the pitch cylinder bet-
infeed- The radial rate of change of hob position, relative ween corresponding elements of adjacent hob thread
to the workpiece axis, usually specified in inches per revolu- sections ..
tion of the workpiece. Linear Pitch - See preferred term. Axial Pitch.
key - A mechanical member through which the turning force Normal Circular Pitch - The distance between correspon-
is transmitted to the hob. ding elements on adjacent hob thread sections measured
keyseat - The pocket, usually in the driving element, in which along a helix that is normal to the Thread Helix in the
the key is retained, Pitch Cylinder.
keyway-A slot through which the turning force is transmit- Normal Diametral Pitch - 11' [3.1416) divided by the Nor-
ted to the hob. May be either a longitudinal slot through mal Circular Pitch,
the hole or a transverse slot across the hub face. U the lat- pitch circle - A transverse section of the hob pitch cyUnder.
ter, it is called a clutch keyway. pitch cylinder-A reference cylinder in a hob from which
lead - The axial advance of a thread for one complete turn, design elements, such as lead, lead angIe, profile,and tooth
or convolution. thickness are derived.
lead angle- The angle between any helix. and a plane of rota- pitch diameter - The diameter of the pitch cylinder.
tion. In a hob, lead angle usually refers specifically to the pitch point - The pointat which a tooth profile intersects the
angle of thread helix. measured on the pitch cylinder. pitch cylinder.
lead variation - The axial deviation of the hob teeth from the pressure angle - The angle between a tooth profile and a line
correct thread lead. perpendicular to the pitch cylinder at the pitch point. In
le.ader - See preferred term sharpening guide .. hobs, the pressure angle is usually specified in the normal
linear pitch - See preferred term axial. pitch, under pitch. plane or in the axial plane.
linear pressure angle - See preferred term axial pressure angle, Axial Pressure Angle - The Pressure Angle as measured in
under pressure angle. an Axial Plane .. The term Axial Pressure Angle is pre-
lug - An extension of hob tooth profile above the nominal ferred to the term Linear Pressure Angle.
top cutting edge. Sometimes caned spurs or prongs. Normal Pressure Angle - The Pressure Angle as measured
non-adjacent flute spacing - The variation from the desired ina Normal Plane.
angle between any two non-adjacent tooth faces measured prime ratio - In multiple thread hobs, the condition wherein
in the plane of rotation. the gear tooth-hob thread ratio is not a whole number and
normal circular pitch - See definition under pitch .. there is no common factor of the number of gear teeth and
normal diametral pitch - See definition under pitch. the number of hob threads.
normal plane - A plane perpendicular to a pitch cylinder protuberance- A modification near the top of the hob tooth
helix .. which produces undercut at the bottom of the tooth of the
normal pressure angle - See definition under pressure angle. workpiece.
number of threads - In multiple thread hobs, the number or rake - The angular relationship between the tooth face and
parallel helical paths along which hob teeth are arranged. a radial line intersecting the tooth race at the hob outside
sometimes referred to as number of starts. Should not be diameter measured ina plane perpendicular to the axis.
confused with the term, number of threads per inch, which Negative Rake - The condition wherein the peripheral cut-
is commonly used in designating the axial pitch of screw ting edge lags the tooth face in rotation.
threads, Positive Rake- The condition wherein the peripheral cut-
offset - See preferred term rake offset. tingedge leads the tooth face in rotation.
outside diameter - The diameter of the cylinder which con- Zero Rake- The condition wherein the tooth face coin-
tains the tops of the cutting edges of the hob teeth. cides with a radial line.
outside diameter runout - The total variation in the radial rake offset - The distance between the tooth face and a radial
distance from the axis to the tops of the hob teeth. line parallel to the tooth face, Used for checking rake.
overtravel- The linear distance in the direction of feed of the ramp - A modification at the bottom of the hob tooth which
hob beyond the last point of contact of the hob with the produces a chamfer at the top comers of the tooth of the
workpiece. workpiece.
pilot end - On shank type hobs, a cylindrical or conical bear- relief - The result of the removal of tool material behind or
ing surface opposite the driving end. adjacent to a cutting edge provide clearance and prevent
pin. mea5Ufement - The measurement taken over pins of equal rubbing [heel drag).
diameter placed in specified tooth spaces in the workpiece. Cam Relief-The relief from the cutting edges. to the back
pitch - The distance between corresponding, equally spaced of the tooth produced by a cam actuatedcuttingtool
hob thread elements along a given line or curve, The use or grinding wheel ona relieving [back-off] machine.
of the single word pitch without qualification may be con- Side Relief- The relief provided at the sides of the teeth
fusing. Specific terms such as normal diametra! pitch, nor- behind the cutting edges. The amount depends upon the
mal circular pitch, or axial pitch are preferred .. radial cam, the axial cam, and the nature of the tooth
Axial Pitch - The pitch parallel to the axis in an axial plane profile.
between corresponding elements of adjacent hob thread scallops - The shallow depression on the generated form pro-
sections. The term Axial Pitch is preferred to the term duced by hob action.
Linear Pitch. setting angle - The angle used for setting hob swivel to align
36 Gear Technology
the hob thread with the workpiece teeth.
shank - That projecting portion of a hob which locates and
drives the hob in the machine spindle or adapter.
sharpening allowance' - The amount by which the pitch
diameter of ill worm gear hob exceeds that of the worm
. to allow for the reduction in diameter by sharpening. r
sharpeni;ng guide - A cylindrical part with flut~s, having the
same lead as the hob flutes, used for guiding the hob along
the correct lead when sharpening. GEAR TOOTI-4
short lead.-A feature employed on some hobs to obtain
generated fillet or underCut conditions not obtainable with
nominal lead.
siderelief=See definition under relief.
stock aDowance- The modification of the hob tooth to leave
.Fig.2
material on the workpiece tooth form for subsequent
finishing ..
tang~ntiaJ feed. - The rate of change of hob position along portion of the hob tooth behind the cutting edge.
its own axis, usually specified in inches per revolution of wobble- The motion of a hob when the radial runout varies
the workpiece. along the hob length.
thr~ad - A helical ridge, generally of constant form or pro- worm geae hob oversize - See preferred term sharpening
file. In a hob, unlike a worm or screw, the thread is not allowance.
continuous and exists only at the cutting edges of the hob
For varying specific reasons, it is possible to alter the
teeth. Therefore, it is sometimes referred to-as the thread
straight sided rack form in order to achieve a modified
envelope"
generated gear tooth form.
thread envelope - See preferred term. thread.
thread .h.elix - The helix of the hob thread. m the pih:h The hob in rig. 2 was designed to eliminate sharp corners
cylinder. at the tops of gear teeth. It can be made to produeea desired
amount ofc:hamfer or radius, but. to do this the number of
tip relief - A modification in which a small amount of
teeth in the gear must be known. Obviously, the form of such
material. is removed from the basic profile near the tip of
a modification produced by a given hob will vary with th
the gear tooth.
number of teeth in the gear, just as the width of the top of
Itip relief modification - A modification on the sides of the
the gear tooth varies.
hob tooth near the bottom which produces a small amount
of tip, relief.. Such modification is usually incorporated in The topping gear hob shown in Fig. 3 is used for cutting
spur gears and helical gears. This hob finishes the tops of gear
finishing hobs excep] in the finer pitches.
tooth-A projection on a hob which carries a cutting edge, teeth, holding the outside diameter of the gear to a g{ven
tooth face - The tooth surface against which the chips dimension in relation to the pitch line and root diameter.
Several advantages accompany the use of topping hobs that
impinge.
in many cases result in material savings. For instance, the
toothpfofile - Outline or contour of hob tooth cutting edges.
finish-hobbed gears may be chuckedon the outside diameter
tooth thicl<ness - The actual width or thickness of the hob
in subsequent operations for hole finishing when necessary,
thread at the pitch cylinder. The use of the single tenn tooth
Moreover, their use eliminates an accurate finish-turning
thklmess without qualification may be confusing. The
operation on gear blanks before hobbing. Addi'tionally, gears
specific terms normal tooth thiclcness and axial tooth
hobbed with topping hobs may be quickly inspected f·or pitch
thleknessare preferred,
line thickness to ordinary commercial limits by measuring
Axial Tooth Thickness - The tooth thickness as measured
in. an axial plane .. the outside diameter with a micrometer.
Normal Tooth, Thickness - The tooth thickness as
measured along a helix normal to the thread helix ..
top radius - Radius of the arc joining the top and a side cut-
ting 'edge of a hob tooth.
WHOI..~ OEPTH
total indicator reading Itir]- See preferred term. total! indicator
OF' CUT
variation.
total indicator variation i[ tiv]- The difference between max- I
imum and. minimum indicator readings duringa. checking TOPPING
cycle.
undercut - The condition at the base ofa hobbed workpiece
Iorm whereinadditicnal material beyond the basic form
is removed, Under certain. conditions this may occur natur-
.ally, while in other cases it may be produced by intentional
modification of the hob tooth. .
.Fig.. 3
wear land - A cylindrical or flat land worn on the relieved
Gears are frequently hob bed and then finished by shav-
ing or grinding. Hobs.Ior producing such gears are referred
Ito as semi.-finjshing hobs. The hobbing of such ge~fS has
not been considered a roughing operation because of theac-
curacy required for leaving a minimum and uniform amount
of finishing stock. (Fig. 4)
The protuberance type hob shown in Fig. 5 generates
undercut at the bottom. of the gear tooth to provide Clearance
for the shaving cutter and to prevent the formation of an
abrupt change in profile with its, resulting stress, concentra-
tion ..Wi.th small numbers of teeth, the tooth form cut with
a hob without protuberance is often undercut enough, but
a protuberance is required for larger numbers of teeth to
eliminate contact between the tip of the shaving cutter and
the fillet on the gear tooth.
PRE·SHAVE
,POINT OF INTERSECTION
Of PR!SHAVED PROfiLE LOWEST POn-+r
WITH UNDERCUT OF CONTACT WITH
MATING GEAR
Fig. 4
38 Gear Techn.olog,y
Spe~,hed
RadIal iPlan.
Tru.,
PIOI
PRO"iUBERANCE
PROOUCES UNDERCU1
,
1
~roldl \...--.oj
GEAR TOOTH Erro.
II]
I
P",:1 I
1 I~ 1' "IIITli!'
II III
-"
I
1
,any three axialpUches - The 'total indicator variation in three 'I
II I
I!
revolutions along the true helical path (1080 degrees) on
I II u.....l ,: if,l
a. single thread hob.
totall- The total indicator variation on teeth when travers-
.I
L~ad error
_.
111
__ ... -
"l '" 1I
.'lk! J I I
I
ing along true helical path of all teeth in hob. ~ ~
Qni! .11 .. _1 P'len
- I II
11'2 Gashts:
1 2 l 4 S 6 9' 13 20 30 51
DIAMETRAL PITCH Thru ThfU Thru Thn! Thru Thrill Thru Thru Thru Thru ;nd
1..999 2.?'l9 3.999' H99- 5.999 R.999 12.999 19.999 29.999 50,.999 finer
RUNOUT (I." Thread l CLASS
AA 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Iluh Face" A K 5 ,2 2 2 2 2 2 ,2 2 2
[J 10 B 4 4' 3 3 2 2 2 2
C 10 R ·l 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
n 10 R s 5 4 4 3 3 3 3
:\i\ .2 .2 .2 1 1 I 1 1 1
1(1 3 2 2 2 2
Huh Dinmetcr" ..\
" 3 3 2
:)
n 12 II () 5 .\ 4- 3 2 2 2
C 12 R Ii 5 4i 4 3 2 2 2 2,
n 1~ 10 R 8 6 6 5 5 4 3
:\.,\ 3 3 3 2 2 2
OUI~ii(lc Diameter" A HI 10 10 HI i 5
n J::i l:l In 10 7
C :W Ii 12 12 10 u
u 35 1:; ?-
~,:l' .20 15
LEAD VARlATI.ON
3 2 1.7 1.i 1.7 1.i 1.5 1.5,
Tnlllh lu T""lh" 7 j '·"1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
I Til 1'1:;.111 HI II 6 .\ 3 33332
15 12 II 6 5 , 4 443 3
25 211 lei U 12 HI 111 B 6 5
,\ II .1 ·l 3 :~ 3 3 :2 2 :2
t Thrcud B 12 i 6 5 5 5 4 3 2
C It! 10 I) 7 6 6 5 5 3 3
o 27 18 16 14 12 11 9 8 ,6
A ') (, ., -I ~ 3 3 3 2 2
3 Threati B l·J 12 3 7 6 6 5 543
C 21 16 12 io 8 765 543
o 29 24 20 18 16 1-1 12 10 9 7
A 10 6 s ,~ 443 3 3 2
R ]'(. 13 () I! 7 6 6 544
C 2·' IR 13 11 9 7 7 6 5 4 4
D 31 26 22 :w 18 16 13 11 ]0 8
.,..\,\ B 6 -I. 3 3 2 2 1.5 1.5
Am, One ,\:'Iilal Pill'h" !I. 25 III III R Ii 5 5 4 4 J 3
1 Thread D 3~ 2~ 17 11 9 7 7 664
C 45 3.:; 22 U II 9 9 8 8 S 6
n (ill 511 ·HI 30 25 :10 20 18 16 ]4
i\ 25 ;!O 10 8 (, ~ 5 4 -I. 3 3
n 3.~ 30 Ii 12 10 8 8 774
c ..s .1.) 22 II! 15 12 12 HI III II r,
I) 60 50 41) 30 25 211 20 18 16 ].1
,.\..\ 12 I) 6 ~ a 4 4 3 3
J\n~'Thr('C' A:c.bJ Pitr:hcs' A 3R ,2() 15 12 9 8 8 7 '7 5 5
I Thread D 53 38 22 Hi, ]2 n 10 9 9 7
C 70 50 30 21 16 14 13 12 12 12 8
n LW 100 80 60 50 40 35 25 20 16
40 Gear Technology
(AU readings, in tenths of athousandrh ol an inch )
I. 2 1 4, S 6 9 13 20 30 51
DlAMEXHAL, P[TCH Thru Th'rll Thrll Tnl'U Tluy Thru Tnl'u Thfu Thru Tbl'u !!nd
1.999 2.999 3.999 4.'999 5.999 8.999 12.999 19'.999 29.999 SO.999 Finer
LEADVARIATWN (eon'l.) CLASS
A 311 30 15 12 9 8 8 -, 7 5 5
Any Tllf.CC Axial Pitches- B 53 38 22 20 15 12 12 10 10 7
2 • 's I'll read C 70 50 30 211 20 118 16 I·~ l·~ 12
n 120 ]110 lin 611 SO ·lU 35 22 11ft
A 11 I) II 7 6 5 4 3 3 3
Adjnrcnt Thrc.ul 'to
B H 12 11 In 9 8 (j 5 5
Thrc:ul Spacing·
C 20 17 !:; 13 It 10 9 8 5
2 Thrcad
D 26 22 1') 17 is n 12 11 ]0
13 II !II R .; 3
"
:\ 7 (, 4
B 16 1-1, 12 11 1n I) i 6 6
C 22 19 16 U n 11 111 C) B 7 6
D 28 2:1. 20 18 Hi 15 13 12 11 10
I:; 13 P '1 5 .~ 3
"
!) R 6
18 HI 14 12 II III II 7 7 (j
~ 2 3 4 S 6 9 n '10' 30 SI.
DlAMETRAL PITCH Thrv Thru Theu Thm Thtu Thru Thru Thru Tbru Thru Ind
1.999 2.999 3.999 40999 5.999 8.999 12.999 19.999 29.999 50.999 Finer
TOOTH PROFILE (,con·1.! 'CLASS
AA 15 15 10 10 11) IO ]0 5, 5
Toolh Tilicknes8 A 30 20 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 5 5
'I Minus Only I B 30 20 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 5
.1.· J Thread C 35 25 20 20 15 15 15, 15 15 ]0 10
0 40 35 30 2S 20 20 20 ::0 20 15
SHARPENING u·" Thmd)
AA 20 15 10 8 8 6 6 6 6,
S(lad",~ DCI .....·ccn A 40. 311
;,.~
~;). 20 15 10 10 10 10 10 10
Adjacent FIUIC!" B 50 45 40 30 20 15 15 10 10 10
C SO 4S 40 30 20 15 IS 10 10 lO 1Il
D 6:1) ,60 50 SD 30 25, 25 20 11 17
AA 40 35 '1)-
-;) 15 l5 15 15 15 15
S~ileing Belwcen A 80 60 50 • 40 30 30 30 25 25 20 20
Non.Adjacenll Flutes," B 100 90 80 60 50 50 SO 40 3S 30
G WO 90 80 60 50 SO SO 40 35 30 3U
D 120 120 100 100 80 80 70 60 SO 4IJ
AA 10 8 6 5 5 3 3 3 3
OuUin:;: FiI'ce! A, 30' 15 10 8 6 5 5 3: 3 3 3
R.adial To, n SO 25 ]5 HI 8 7 7 5 5 5
Gun!n!; OC:IIIII- C 50 25 rs ,,) 10 8 7 7 5 5 5 5
D ]01) 75 50 40 30 20 20 15 I5 III
FACE WIDTH o to I" 1" to :2" 2" to 4" 4,f~' to 7'" 7" ami til'
AA 8 10 15 20 20
Accural'~' or Flutcl'. A 10 15 25 30 50
Sln1i;:hl Anti Helical" 0 10 15 25 311 5U
C 10 IS, 25 30 511'
D ]5 23 38 45 75
BORE 11·"Thrud,
BORE DIA~IETER 2.500~ 2.000" .LSOO" 1.250" .iSO" ,500" & smaHe.r
A.A 2 :2 .2
UialllCler. Straight Bore A 8 8 5 2 2 2
\ Plus Only, B 10 10 83 2 2
C 10 10 8 3 2 2
D W 10 8 5 4i 3
ALL DIAJ,IETE.RS LENGTH
AA 75
Percent 0,£ BC!I.rinr; A 75
COlltacl, Slrai~h'l Bore D 75
C 60
D 50
ALL TAPERS CIRCUMFERENCE LENGTH
I"'r"rnl 111£ n"!!Irilf!!; AA 9S 75
t:uflh!CI, "."':I'cr Do,re A 90 60
B 90 60
C 90 60
HIGH PRECISION
STANDARD HOB SPEClHCATlONS &: TOLERANCES
RECOrv£ll.1ENDED HOB SIZES
Single Thread Coarse Pitch Hob Sizes
f,or Ground and Unground Hobs
(1-19'.99 Normal Diametral Pitch) I PR,ODUC'TIION AIND
II SP!ECTIO
For Spur and Helical Gears
No.rmal Nominal
Diametral Hole Outsid Overall
Pitch
I
IVt
Diameter
2~/2"
2"
Diameter
lOY.
aw
Length
15
12"
N OIF GEAR"S
IV~ 2" ~ 10"
With Cameron AKR.ITITE
1% Z' '7W go chucks and arbors
2.00-2.24 IVz" 5111" S" • Simp'le, fast hydraullcact.ion
2.2,S.:2.49 IV~· 51/z N
7Vz"
• Repeatable, high preclslon
2.50.:2.74 IV1" 5·· 7'
IV1" 5" 6" • Unusual grippl,ng capability
2.7,5..2.99
H',· 4Yz" 5"
• Long, treubte-tree service
3.00-3.49 me
3.50-3.99 llA." 'P4r 40/,"
4.0Q-4.99 llA" 4" 4" I • From b:lanksto
S.0Q-6.99 Bit" 3W 3Vz· Une,finish and
inspection wiUl
7.00-7.99 11/4." 3V." 3V," one handling
8.00-11.99 lW ;r 3"
12.00-13.99 IV. .2Y,· 2l/,- Send for our
¥t," 2" 2" dese.rlptille ,catalog
14.00-19.99 PAN 2V2" 2Vz"
3.14," 1""" 1'Is"
0/.
W
11/2·
IV."
l/.
11s"
(.20 Normal Diametral Pitch and Fin r)
For Spur and Helical Gears
i
I .3937 (10 mm) r lit"
.315 (8 mm) 3/,·' Vz" Normal Number Nominal
¥t,. IV," %" Diametral of Hole Outside Overall
131·200
Vl" IV." Vz' Pitch Threads Diameter Diameter length
.3937 (10 mm) I 1" l/%" 2(J..29.99 2, 3 or 4 IV." 2 liz" 2Va"
I .315 (8 mm) I ,/tw lj~" 30-50 2, 3 or 4 l/c~ l%~ l!jl~
Fig. 11
Method 01 Measuring, the Cutting Fa.ce
Error !oflh. Hob Flute
Fig. 9
44 Gear (echnoloQY
diameter of a multithread hob is larger than. a corresponding
TABLE 2
single-thread hob but does not increase in proportion to the
number of threads. Therefore, the number of flutes does not M2 M2HC M3 M4 M35
increase in direct proportion to the number of threads. 100 100 110 125 120
'CLAS,SIFIED ----
Rates: Classified Display-$100 per inch P.ayment: Full payment must accompany Closing date: Ads must be received by the
(minlmLlm, 3 ") Type will be set 10 advertiser's classihed ads. Mail copy to Gear Technology, 25th o. the month,. two months prior to
layoul or Gear Technology will set type at no ,P.O. Box 1'426, !Elk Gr.ove Village, II.. 6000'7. pllb'llcation, Acceptance: Publisher reserves
,extra charge. 'Word Count: 35 characters A.gellcy 'Commlssl~ol1: No agency commis- the' right 1.0 accept or reject classlfiedadver-
per line, 7 lilles per inch. sion on dassifieds. Iisements at his discretion.
e
We have • Cleveland Rigidhobbers
lingl machines andiare looiking for an • Gould & !Eberhardt
en gi neer with tech nlcal knowl'edge 'of
gear processing and quality require- • Barber Colman
ments up to AGMA 10-15 'geariing.
Shouild have knowledge of set-up and
...
tooling requlredl for gear cutting and
grliMlng operations. PRESS~ATION!INC. B&A IMIACH:INING
The salaJY we otfer Is In keeping with 522 Cottage Grove Road
your alJilltyand the responsibilities Bloomfi.eld, Conn. 06002 PO Box 536
oI the job. In addltl'on, we have liberal {203) .242-8525 Sharon, TN 38255
benefits in terms of health and 11-800-238-0651
welfare, dental, vacation" holiday and
pension pian.
CIRCLE A-22 ON IREADER ,REPLYCARD cn~CLE A~210N READER REPLY CARD
lit you are Interested lin a challenging
career woriking with expens in the In-
dustry, send us a leUer/resume to:
46 Gear Technology
SUBC'ONTRACT WORK There's sUUtime ...
closing date for a c:lassj.fjed ad
in the MaylJune issue ls
IMarch26th.
GEARS-SPLINES 'GEAR TOOTH ,GRINDING
D:I!SIGN .A'NDTOOLl'NG & HONING .oNLY
• Custom gear design lincluding non-
standarer pressure angles for more Product,ion Quantities
strength. 3/4" P.O. to 27.5" P.O..;
• Programs to' enter tooling' data in· 3.5 D.P. and 11" Face
to computer rUes and' search for ex- •
isting C\ltters to cute new gear or
spline,
We have no turning, "obbing or
shaping capability
• Gearingl computer software for
sale,
• Consliiting seNices for gear and
spline problems.
.ALLEGHIENY GEAR CORP.
VA_N 'GERPeN~REECE ENGINEiERING
23 Dick Road!
1502 Grand Blvd.
Ced's.r Falls, Iowa 506113 Depew, NY 14043
(319) 266,4674 71'6·684·381: 1
CIRCLE .A~2A 'ONI READER REPLY CARD CIRCLE .A-25 ON READER IREPLYCARD
DESIGN AND SELECTION OF HOBS ... The intent of this section is to suggest the importance of
(continued from page 45) proper selectionof high speed steels used in combination wi.th
titanium nitride coatings.
There are two modes of .failureclirectly related to the
time be increased by increasing the feed and/or speed. Max- substrate materiali used with titanium nitride coated tools,
imum values in this area are sought with regard to: cratering, and lack of adherence.
a. Tolerances specified. After a coated tool (hob, shaper cutter) is sharpened, the
b. Surface finished required. titanium nitride layer is removed from the cutting face 'of the
c. Stability and design of machine. toath. This exposes the substrate material and thus,thecrater~
Sometypical figur~ for relative feeds and speeds are shown ing resistance is only as good as the base metal. If the primary
in Table 3 and 4. As with the other comparison tables, all mode of failure on an uncoated tool is cratering, simply
the materials are shown in. relation to an M2 tool. It should coating the tool with titanium nitride is not the solution.
be pointed out that these figures are only approximations. Another point to keep in mind is that although eratering was
Actual r,eswts may vary according to how aggressively the not a problem with the uncoated tool, with increased feeds
original M2 tool is being applied. and speeds and more pieces per sharpening being cut, it is
likely that cratering may become a problem. \lVhether (rater-
Titaruum Nitride Coatings ing was a problem with the uncoated tool or developed after
To develop the proper tool design for a specific applica- titanium nitride coating, it would be suggested to, try a higher
tion, yet another variable must. be given consideration - alloy steel (one high in abrasion resistance). ]I cratering (on-
titanium nitride coatings. tinuesto be a problem after trying different tool steels, it may
In an effort to improve tool life and increase the produc- be necessary to revise (slow down) the operating conditions.
tivity of the gear cutting process, extensive research and Occasionally, the wear pattern of coated cutting tools can
development has taken place in the past few years to sue- be flaking dose to the cutting edge. Consequently, the tool
cessfuUy apply titanium nitride coatings to high speed steel
tools. (continued on page 48)
Mareh/.Apfll1986, 47