Ih bpecaad AD bpecal Ke. SIKOHOMUYECKOE OBOCHOBAHME CPEACTB OCBOEHMA MUPOBOrFO OKEAHA Os TEXHUKA OCBOEHNA OKEAHABBK 65.9(2)37 B87 YK 551.46.073.003.8 Ye CYFS B87 B PENAKUMOHHAA KOJIAEDHA CEPHM: VW. B. AKOHHHKOB (orserctsennuit_peaaxtop), B. HW. BA- PAHLEB, B. M. Kee inoD, A. H. OMMATPMEB, B.A JIO- BAHOB, B.T, MACAEHHHKOB, HM. B. MEPEHOB, B. A, MOJI- UAHOB, H. ©, PYCEUKHM (san. penaxnued), H. T. IHAMA- HOB, A. 1. WWATOIWJHHKOB, H. I. WHKEP, B, Cc. ACTPE- BOB Peuensentn: K. fr. CYBOPOB 9. 0. KYPBAHOB Haysuaii penakrop A. A. HAPYCBAEB ——— > Slba0TERA dou, KopaSaserpoureaya.} Bpecaas J. B. EE { TexHuKo-sKOHOMMYCCKOe OOOCHOBANHC CPCACTB OC- poeHua Muposoro oxeana.— JI.: Cyaoctpoenre, 1982 (Texnuka ocrocnua oKealia).— 240 ¢., HI. MCBH te a 1" eLeAvTh OYTeM Te XHit- Ro okamre snepaae cieiaHa TOMnTKa Upenont : xo-ompnonmnectare oSocHoRaHas suiGop oGvoKTo® okeaHOTeR aa Gonee nono YROBACTROPSIOIIAX TpeGoBain cre ari sRporsn oGtapuna MaTepHan HM Bie! Meno “oneaHa, Tiokazanu epcnektHent ocpoeimm MPa: orexHK. pace HOT, ouenKH SkoHOMMUeCKOA Shier Dp Peet OOO ae ROR TporHosnposanwa Satya, ano MOHATHE 06 HAMepeRHAX WH nf oot e ~3605030000—065, 65.9(2)37 648(01)—-82 2—82 © Usnatemacrso , 1982 NPEQMUCNOBKE Tpyauo Tepcolenuth pOdb, KOTOpyio urpaeT oKeaH BOKU3HH YelOBeyecTRa. C speBHuX BpeMeH OM Obl HCTOUHHKOM THUEREIX PCCYPCOB, 10 HeMy Mpomerama ceTh TPancnopTHitx Maru- crpadel, OOBEAHHAIOMIMX OTQaIeHHbIe CTpaHbl KH MOsBOMAIONAX HCNOAbSOBaTb CaMbIi JEUICBbIM BHA Tpancliopra — mopcKol. B, waln AHH pOAb OKeaNa BOSpacTaeT H APHHIMHTHaNbHO MeageTca. Bos- HHKia MW yemeliHo pellaerca npoGmemMa oceoenna riy6WH M WHA OKeaHa, B HiCpBY!O OVepesb KOAOCCAADHLX MUNePaTbHbIX HU SHEpre- THYCCKUX PecyPCoR, Yuenble H Tocyzapcrecnuble JeATeH, OU€HHBaA 3HayeHHe Mpo- Os1eMbI OCBOCHHA Mupogoro oKeatHa, CTaBAT €e B OHH PAL C Kap- AHHaJIbHbIMH HAYTHO-TeXHHYeCKMMH NpOOw.eMaMH COBpeMeHHOCTH, © pagBuTHem AAeploli SHepreTHKH HM OCBOeHHEM KOCMOCa, : Okcan mocTeveaHo cTaHOBHTCH TOJeM HHTCHCRBHOM BpousBog- CTBeHHOM meATeabHocTH. Hexotoppie OGmacTu ee, B YaCTHOCTH, pas- BelaKa H Ho6nYa TOMe3HHIX HCKOMACMEIX, BOSHHKAH B Halle BpemMaA H pasBaRaiotch 6ypubIMH TeMMaMH. OToT apolccc, aBssiomulica ccleACTBHEM Kak pacTyux HacylllablxX NoTpebuocteli, Tak H HaydHO- TeXHHYeCKOrO Mporpecca, MopowAaeT MHOMHECTBO HOBLIX BeCbMa CAOMHLIX TEXHHUCCKHX, IKOMOMAYECKUX, SKOAOTHYCCKUX A MP aBOBbIX npo6iem, M CaM, B CROIO OUePejd, CTHMYANPyeT PasBUTHe HOBHX HaY4HBIX AMCUMITIHH, OcoGoe MecTo B aTOM KOMIJeKce mpo61eM 3allMaeT 9KOHOMHKa ocnocHua oKxeaHa. [Jpukaaquaa PyHKUMA 9TOH Hay4HoH oTpacaH — Pa3paGorKa H peaqusalluaA MeTOgOB O6ocHOBaHUA Hu BEIGOpa NyTeH ocBoenwa Muposoro oKeana, oGecieyHBalollux jocTHKeHHe Tpe- OYeMbIX Pe3y2bTATOB MPH HaHMeHDLIHX 3aTpaTax. EcrecrBeHHo, 4TO B pelleHHH 3TOH 3anayH nepBocTeneHuyi0 poab Hrpaer OGocHoBa- HHe OKeaHoTeXHNKH — TeXHHYecKHX CpegcTs ocBoenia Mupozoro oKeana. Tip sTOM Camo HampaBneHve paspaGoTKH TCOpeTHYecKuX OCHOB H MPaKTHYCCKHX Me€TOJOB TEXHHKO-SKOHOMMYeCKOTO O60CHO- BaHUs CpeNCTB OCBOeHHA OKéaHa MOCTeneHHO otpopMaaeTca B Ca- MOCTORTEABHYLO SKOHOMMYECKYHO ANCUMETMHY, . Tlo xapakrepy HCnonb30BaHus YaCTb cpeacTB ocBoeHHs Mnpo- BOrO oKCaHa TPaAMUHOHHa — K HHM OTHOCATCA TpaHcnopTHble H 1* 3prioupoMblcnoBbie cyga. J[pyrne cpeactaa — naydno-nccaeqoBa- Teapckue cya, GypoBbie cyaa, caMOnosbemuble H TonynorpyxHnie Sypopple ycraHoBKH (maaTopMbl), cyla o6cnyxuBaHAS MOPCKHK HePTenpoMEIcce, NOABOMHEIe oOuTaéMble u HéecOuraempie alla- paTbl — chopMupOBasMcb Kak THI B Halle BpeMa. Metosn o6oc- HOBAHMA TPaNWUMONNLIX CpeACTB CTORKUAECh A AOCTATOUHO TOKO W3.10XKEHKI B ANTepatype, B TOM 4yucne B MoHOrpadusx B. HW. Kpa- ena, O. K. Crynnna, 3. JI. JIumouopa [29] » A. H. Paxopa [50]. B oatax ny6nnkallNax paCCMaTpHBaOTCA KONKpeTHble BOUpPOCnl o60cHOBaNMa HMeNIO TPaHCHopTHEx CyOB H HMeHHO prrGoupombic- JIOBBLX CYAOB, @ BONPOCh TeEXHHKO-9KOHOMHYeCKOTO o6ocHoBaHua He- TPaAHUMOHHbIX THOR cpexCTB oOcBoeHKA Mupoporo GkeaHa He Oc- BCULAIOTCH, TexHiko-3KOHOMHYEeCKoe OFOCHOBaHHe CpeAcTB ocBoeHHA Mupo- Boro OKCaHa uMccT cBOH ocoGeHnocTH. Onn onpedensorca Helto- CpercTBeHHOK cneltHpukoH STHX cpeACTB H KOMMAeKCHOCTHIO BCekt Npo6aeMH, TONHOMeHHOC peleHue KOTOpOK BO3MOxXHO TOsIbKo B paMKaX mpesxycmotpeaHoro AoKymentama XXV u XXVI ceesgzon KCC nporpaMMHo-yereporo Maannposanua. 3aqata TexHHKO-aKOHOMHYeCKorO OGoCHOBaHHa TpebyeT RocTa- TOWHO CepbesHOH MOXroTOBKK B PaSIHUHWX OO1ACTAX 3HaHKH — UPOCKTUPOBAaHMH, TeXHOAOTHH M Opranusallun mocTpoliku obbeKTos, oco6eHHocrax ux akcnayatauun. [lostomy wapamy ¢ «mpodeccuo- MaibIbIMH> 3KOHOMACTAMH BOmpocaMH TeXHHKO-9KGHOMMYeCKOrO oSocHOBaHHa 3aHHMaeTca Bce GombUlee YHCJo MHKeHepoB-KOpab.re- cTponTeach, MeXaHBKOB, CilelMaaucTOB Apyroro npoussd, He UMCIO- IHX FOCTATOUNOH NOXTOTOBKH Mo 3KOHOMHKe, B YaCTHOCTH Mo TIpob- HCMC SKOHOMHYeCKON ad*eKTUBNOCTH, H HsyqalOULHX STH BOTIPOCEI CaMOCTOATeILHO. C yyeTOM 3TOTO B KHHTe C2KAaTO PAaCCMOTPCHLI Oc- HOBHHe NOWATHA SKONOMEKH B oOLeMe, HCOOXOAHMOM 349 paboTH B ston o6aactH. Xora asTop cTpemMica u3JlaraTb MaTepHan Ha ypoBHe compe- MeHHBIX NPCACTaB.TeHHH H MCTOAONOrHH, MaTemMaTHYecKuit allapat B KHKTe HCNO1b30RaH MHMMMA.IbALIA, TIpu 3TOM oco6oe BHUMAHHE o6paueno pe ¢TOJbKO Ha CTporocTh (opMasjbHOrO annapata, CKOIBKO H4 ACHOCTh W MOCACAOBATEMbHOCTH 9KOHOMMUCCKOH TpaK- TOBKH. Tlyuxr 1.2 nawucan copmectuo c K. T. Cysopossim, Astop Bui- paxaer ray6oKyo lpusHatetbyocth npodeccopy B. B. Poxaecr- Bencxomy, aouenty M. B. Capennepy, kang. rexu, wayx A. MW. Iur- puesy, Kawa, 9KOHOM. Hayk V1. C. Oxecckoii, oxasaBilMM noMOLID Tp NOATOTOBKC PYKoucH, Tlockasbky MHOFHe BOUpOCKL Aaliel B HoBOl TpaxtoBKe (3To onpewerseTcad cncHHpukol TeMaTHKH), BOSMOXKNO, ITO HCKOTOPLie NOAOMKEeHNA KHYPH OKaKyTCA Te GeccnopyLiMy. Bee KpaTuyecKue 3aMeYaHHa, ROSPaxKenwa UAH YTOWHEHHA, HanpaBseHHEe B alpec usgaveabceTBa: 191065, Jlennurpaa, ya. Toroas, 4. 8, u3a-Bo «Cy- RoctTpoeline» ~~ Gy 1yT npUNATEL c 6.1arOapnocTLyw. 4 Tnasa t NEPCIEKTMBLI OCBOEHMSA MMPOBOTO OKEAHA VW PA3BMATMA OKEAHOTEXHMKK 1.1. Tlepcnextiem ocsoeHKA Muposoro oKeaHa B kau Au Npob6aema KOMMAeKcHoro ocRoenaa Mu- poBoro OkeaHa BH3bIBaeT OTPOMHbIi uNTepec. Ona u2 ero mpu- uHH — Bo3pacTalolwe morpe6yoctH “wenoseyecrza. Onpegzeaarca OHM UAaCTHYHO BEICOKUMH TeMMamy PocTa HapoMOHaceneHua 3¢MHOTO wapa. To qanHbim OOH, Hacenenue Hale maaneThl Kaw ZI rox Bospacraer NpHMepHO Ha Ba mpouenta. Oxusaetca, YO K AByX- THICHUHOMY TOAY Ha seme GyeT MecTb-CCML MHJMapAOB YesloBeR. NlotpeGuoctn YeaopeuecTBa yBesHYHBAIOTCA-He TOKO B CBA3H € POCTOM ero YHCMEHHOCTH, HO H HOTOMY, YTO MPOMBIHLeHHOCTE m0- rollaeT B pactere Ha Aylty vacenenaa Bee Gombe u Gombe cbipba H aneprau. Tlogcuntano, yro MHPoBOl Pacxo cbIPbA CcHKeE- TOAHO BOSpacraeT B cpenHem na 4,8 %, Mpwuem B OonpMeH creneHH UBeTHLIX H, B OCO6CHHOCTH, PenKUX MeTagoB. Pocr oKHAaeMoro vioTpe6acnua HeKOTOpEIX MeTaqion [57] npexcTaBaen B Ta6.1. f.1. Tadmua 1.1. [pornos norpe6aenus merassoB npompuaeHHoctiio kanaTa@AnCTHIecKHX CTpad (MAH. T 1970 1985 2000 Meray. c : a cma Josssie cua [Osaamate| crix | Ouse ?Keaze30 100,0 300,00 | 120,00 | 600,0 130,0 800,0 Mean 230 4'00 2150 8.0 4:0 12°0 Amosnintt 48 5,00 | 12,00 | 10/0 35,0 200 Hues 0,2 9,30 0,35 0,6 0,7 5,8 Xpom O85 1,00 1,00 1,9 12 24 KoGaapr 0,1 G,15 0,15 0,2 0,3 0.3 Eule 6oaee ocrpa sHcpretuyeckan Mpo6sema, B NepRyio ovepeas npodtema He@TH. B olexkc 3anacos HeTh AaHHbic pacxorstcs. V3 paspegaHHbix Ha cyule 62 MIpA. T KSDATO WB Heap seman OKOTO 20 Mapa. t [81]. Hoxasannpe (xocroRepHbie) sanacty HepTH Ha cyie cocTaBamior oxono 80 mapa. T [81]. Ecan yuectp, yo 5exerojio MoOpBaeTca oKONO 3 MupA. T, a NoTpe6HocTh RB nedtH MpososKaer pacTH, TO CraHoBNTCA MOHATHOM ocTpota sHeprerH4c- cko# npo6emu. Ko nocneavero BpeMenuw HabmO_anacL onpesenen- Had BAKOROMCPHGCTh: PASREAAHHLIC SAAC BOSPacTann NpHMepHO MponopivoHadbHo pocry Ao6ptmH. Ho, owesHgzHo, ato Tak 6ygeT He seerga. Kpome Toro, 91a 3aKoHoMepHocrh Oblia ciipaBeaHBa Wa Mapa B HCIOM: Aula pagBuTbIX KalMTaNMcTa4ecKAX cTpan yxe celi- WaC pOCT PasBeAaHHLIX 3aMacoB OTCTACT OT AOOHUH, a NOTpeOmeHHe HepTH pacter B Ba-TpH pasa GnicTpee, YEM pocT MpoMbIMNcHHOH npoxyKunn. Hafexkaa Ha HoBble HCTOUHMKH MOeSHBIX HCKOMaeMBIX Ha CyLIC Hezenuka. OcnoBHad MaCCa JerkKOQOCTYMHBIX MeCTOpOKRCHHH OT- Kpbira, TOJaBiAOllyo HX YacTh paspabaTLIBaloT, MHOrMe MecTO- pOxkLeHHA SHAIWTeRbHO HcTOUIeHD. Cefuac cTouT 3aqaya ocBOcHHA MECTOPOKLEHUH B TPYRHOAOCTYNHMX palowax cenepa, pafionax Bed- Nok Mep3a0TH, nyctTitHb. Tlonatuo, 4ro 3aTpaTs Ha paspa6orky 9TMX MeCTOPORAeHuh HW TpancnopTApoBKy BOGsITOTO CHIpbA wan MmpogykrToR ero nepepaGotTku SyAyT CYWecTBeHHO BEIUe, 1eM Ha Me- CTOPORAeHHAX, paspaGaTbipaeMEIX cerozus, Mox#xHoO MoaaraTb, YTO HacTyNHT BpemMA, Kora: BaxkHeliwum HCTOUHHKOM 3HePrHH CPaHeT aepHoe TONMHBO. ATOMHEIE aJICKTPO- CTaHIHM yaxe celittac ycneMHo KOHKYpHpylOT c TemoBbIMH. A Korma YeNOBeUeCTRO OCBOHT TCPMOAJEPHAH CHATes H Hay4uNTCA HCNO.1h30- BaTb B Ka¥ccTBe TONJHBa AehTepuli, coxepualliniica B BOAe, OHO NOYAUT MpakTHyecKh HeRcCakaembill MCTOUHMK STIEprHH. Oxiako Hapsiay c noTpe6uTeaamu Tpancnoprupyemof sneKTpH- ueckOl| SHEPIHH, NO-BUAUMOMY, BCeTa B IKHSHH “eMOBeNecTBa Gy- AYT HIpaTb SHAaNHTeNbHYIO Powb ARTOHOMHLIe ee noTpeGuresn, B HepBy! Ovepeh aBTOMOOHAbHEI H BOsLyuMA TpaHCuopT. [o- CKOMbKY CO3TanHe AZepioh sHepreruKA AWA TaKHX ToTpe6uTeset — Heo BeCbMa oOTLaneHHOTO Gyzyuero, HoTpe6HocTa 4enoReveCTBA B XHMHYCCKOM TOTIHBC elle yonro 6yAYT nOcTaTONNO ReANKH. He meee Baxken # Apyrol achext — ucnoabsoBaline HeQTH nw yrast Kak CHIPBA Jaa XHMuYecKOH mpomiInenHocTH. M agecb oH TaKKe TpyAHO34MeHEMEI. ~ Crajla GueHb CepbesHOH ellie ogra npobema — mpo6nema mpce- Hof Boab. Ua KonoccasbHbx ee 3allacOB Ha 3eMIIOM wWape OCHOB- ible HCTOURMKH — peku 4 O3epa — cogepaaT mrp 0,02 % o6mnx BOAHBIX samacos. [Ipu 9TOM 3alacht pecHof ROAM pacnpenenenht Kpaline HepapHoMepHo: 6onee yem B 50 cTpanHax MHpa HCHEITLI- BaeTCa OCTpBIM ee HesocTaTOK. Camaa 6craTaa crpaHa oO 3aflacaM mpecHol Bogbl — Cosert- cxnii Colo3, OaHaKO H y Hac ee 3aMacbl pacupezeaenbl Hepastio- Mepwo. Ha paiions: Esponeficxoli yacta c BHCOKOpasBUTOH mpo- MHIULI€HHOCThIO WM BbICOKOM MAOTHOCTbIO HaceMeHHe NPHXOLUTCA anus 20% BogHErx 3anacos. Baecte c rem noTpe6senve upecHOH BOAbI CTPeMHTC.IbHO pacrer, Tak, QJ BHINJABKN OMHOM TOHHE! HHKCA Tpe6yerca oxo.0 800 M3 6 BOAI, OAHOH TOHHDI aTOMHHHA 1200 m3 aoab. OcoberHo BoRoeMKO MPOWSBOACTBO CHHTeTH4YeCKHX MaTepHasios. Ha npousBoscTBo oAHOn TOHHH Kanpora Tpe6yctca oxot0 5000 m? Bogan. Beauku u GniTo- Bae noTpeéuccta B sone. Kaan xutetn Mocks patxogyet B CyTKu B cpeaHem Goace 0,6 m® BoaH, T. €. MOCKBHUH B TOM pac- xoaylot oKono 1,8 KM® Bogbl, ¥TO cocTaBieT oKONO 2 % rozoBoro ctoka Bonra B Kacnuit. HWenuo c orpawH¥enHoctbio pecypcoB CBA3aHa, BepOATHO, \aae- wad pana npuctanpnoro ByuManus K Muposomy oKxeany — OUSHEHIaT HCOOXOMMMOCTL OCBOeHHA ero pecyPcoB AIA yAOBNeT- BOpcHHaA moTpe6noctes yenoReKa. Cnpalimpacteca, YTO 2Ke MOET BaTh OKeail, KaKOB efO SKOHO- Muteckuh forenunan? flo mocneqHWX eT OKCaH paccMaTpMBaicsh KaK rio6anbHast TpaHcCNopTuad CeTb, CBASIBAIOULad CaMble OTAaJIeHHHe TOWKH 3eM- Horo Wapa, W Kak MOCTaBLHK npoxyKTos nuTaHun. Xota 9TH ac- N€KTHI HCNOAbSOBaHAA OKealla OTIOAL He NOTepAAM CBOeTO SHaue- HHA 7 C€TOAHs, BOSHHK elle 04H — HCMOAb3ORaHue GoraTCTB, CKpbi- THX Kak B CaMOH BOXe, TaK H MOA BOAAHOM TONMIel, U, BOSMOXKHO, 9TOT acHektT CTaHeT B TepcmeKTHBe caMBIM BamHoim. HockoubKy 90% cTOHMOCTH BCeX MOWeSHBIX HCKONACMEIX, j106HIBAeMBIX B OKeaHe, MpHXOAHTCH Ha ROMO HepTH M rasa H MOTeHUaTbHIE BOSMOMKHOCTH HX JOGbIUN B GaMKahUCH HepencKTHBe Hauboree BbI- COKH, NawHeM C HHX pacCMOTpeHHe SKOHOMHYeCKOrO NoTeHiMaaa Mupogoro okeaHa. Ha MOpcKae Mecropoxsenua mpuxoautca Go.tee 30 % Bceft mu- pono q06HuN He@TH uM 12% go6nMH rasa. No nporno3sam k KOHLY XX B. Roa MOpcKOH HedresoG6ul4H MomeT RocTHYb 45 % or obmte- Muposod. Ecaw Ha cyWle OONbIIHHCTBO MecTOpOKJeHui-ruraHTOB OTKPEITO, TO B MOPAX OTKPLITHA TAKHX MeCTOPOMMCHHH, KaK MeCTO- poxkgenua Tepcuxgckoro 3ampa c 3anacamMu Gonee 1 mapa. 7, n0- BUAHMOMY, elke BHepedH. Ae6urni MOPCKHX CKBAKHH Yallle BcerO Ha NOPAALOK BblMmIe CyxO- nytnpx. Econ sp CUA na cymie npombmacnanit aedut veda aMewr TomEKO 12% cKBaxHH, To B Mope 42%; B ABcTpannn Ha cylle Heth faeT TOAbKO OfHa u3 140 npobypeHHEIx cKBaxKHH, Ha MOpe — O4Ha HSB Tpex. “Tio opHeHTHpoBoyHo oenke 3anacbhi HeipTH H raga B OkeaHe B Mpezetax go ray6uH oKono 300 Mm cocTaBastwT: HedbrH — 280 mapa. 7, a rasa— 140 tpHanuouos m® [6]. Has CopetcKoro Cowsa ocBoenHe MOPCKHX MecTopoxeHHit HepTu H fa3a Take uMCCT Bamnoe 3naveune, B pemennax XXV cpessga KMCC npe- AY€MaTpHBaeTcsA *. * Matepuama XXV cxeaga KIICC. M., Hoamtusgat, 1976, © 183. -