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    ГрузовыеСудаКохановский

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    ГрузовыеСудаКохановский

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    13 views32 pages

    ГрузовыеСудаКохановский

    Uploaded by

    Alfred Rytenkovich
    ГрузовыеСудаКохановский

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    OAECCKHA UHCTHTYT HH}KEHEPOB MOPCKOIO OFIOTA K. B. KOXAHOBCKHL COBPEMEHHbIE MOPCKHE FPY30BbIE CYA YUEBHOE TIOCOBHE “Mg 486350 rr BHBARSTERA ! ew, Kopasa :crpourcana, HacieTyTa PEKJIAMHH®OPMBIOPO MM@ Mocksa— 1976 © Pa6ora npegetaganer o6paGotaHHBli uv 2onoaHeH- suit taémmuamn uw HamoctpanuaMn Kpateuit Kype jeK- WAH Af cayuaTeneh tbaxysaetera NOBMINeHHA KBanH- ‘Pexauwn nuxeuepHo-Texnmueckux pa6ormuKos MMO Oxecckoro wuctutyta HHIKEHEPOB MOpcKoTO dota. B xypee aan 0630p rexunyeckero nporpecca m co- BePUleHCTBOBAHNA MOpCKHX pySOBuIX CyZOB H HaMe- nena “OcHORMe Hanpasaenua naabneliinero ux path BHTHA. Pa6ora Moxet 6uT uchombsoaana n KayecTRe HO- cobna ctymentamy Bucmix mopcKHx yHeOuDIxX sapene. una H Kak CUpaBownwi NaTepiaa zat pa6OTHHKOS Mpeanpuatah wv yapexgenuh MMO. Onecexuit macturyr waxkenepon mopcKoro gota, 1976 r. TAABA I OCHOBHBIE HANPABJIEHHA HTP HA MOPCKOM ®JIOTE Hactytinenve apni HayuHo-TexmMuceKoH peBomounA Ha Mopc~ KOM (puloTe, OTHOCHMGe ycOBHO K Hayany 1960-x roxoB, xapaxKTe- pusyerest He TOALKO YCKOpeHMeM TCMIIOB pOcTa pasMepow M CKOpOC- tefi cyzop (@To ABNCHMe Ne HOBO mH MpHcynie BCeEM BUaM Tpanc- MopTa ¢ APeBNKX BpeMelH)}, HO H TepexogOM Ha cOBepuleHHO HOBHIE cnoco6st Neperpy3ouubix pa6ot, MoBdeKnive 3a cool cosnzanHe A pasBHtTue HOBLIX Mo OOmeMy yeTpouicrRy H MO KoTICTpyKIRH KOpIy- €a rpy30BbIX CYAOB HW NeBOLOMSMeMLAIOLINX CyLOB JIA MepesosKH naccaxkupos. OcHoBHbIMH HpH4HHaMH GLICTporo pocra pasMepoB x rpy3o- HOMbEMHOCTH CAyKAT SKONUOMBYECKHE MPeHMYIMecTBa 6onee KpyB- HBIX cyLOB H COBCPUIeHCTBOBaHHe cYyNOCTPOHTedbHO! TeXHAKH. {fs wMenvo Bo3spacTaHhe BeAMYHI CyOB ABANCTCA OMHHM 43 raaB- HeAINHX axtopos, TIOSBOAAIOINHX HeHPeCPhIBHO CHHIKATb ceéecTou- MOCTh MOPCKUX TepekosoK. 3a nepHon c 1958 no 1973 F., T. e. 3a 15 ner, mpewmecrBowaBLiux aHepreTH¥ecKOMy KpPH3Hcy B KaHTa- SMCTHUCCKUX CTpallax, CTOHMOCTb, HANpHMep, HepeBo3skH HedTH He TOAbKO He YBEJM4MMaCh, KaK TOTO MOXKHO G6bL0 OXMMATh B CBA3H c o6mluUM pocToM MHPOBbIX LeH, HO, HaoGopor, CHH3Kid4Cb BCHERCT- BHe EPOPpeccEpyioulero BO3pAcTaHuA AeABekTa TalKepOB H HOBEI- WweHKE sPPeKTHBHOCTH HX HCMOADZOBaHHA. : Cxopoctw Ha Boze, Kak ASBECTHO, UOKyNaloTcA AOporol wesoii, Tak KaK MOWHOCTH CyOBRIX rpeOBbIX YCTAHOBOK BO3pacTaioT np- MEPHO MpOMopuHoHaNbHo kyGy CKOpOCTH, H, HanpuMep, Aad rpyso- Boro cyZHa Wenpeiitom oKONO 15 ‘Thc. T HOBDUNeHHe cKOpocTH c 18 no 21 y3 (Ha 16,5%) o3Hayaer pocr HeOOxogHMol MOMHOCTH ¢ 12 800 go 20 THC. ac. (Ha 56,5%). . 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Ilo yctpottctny u oGopynosanui’ cya aTOTO KNacca, KaK ¥ rpy30- Bue Jalinepp Tua «Finnsailors, MoTyT GEITb OTHeceHbl K Tpome- MYTOWHOH KATCTOPHH, O'rpaxkarollei TocTerenHLi Tepexom MHOrO- UeJEBLIX CYAOB OT «cTapoli» K , 10-BHZHMOMy, yaKe Wukorga He CMoryT BOSBPaTHTh ce6e TOTepAHHOe UMH Befyliice MecTO B COCTABe MH- posoroe tpancnopTuoro tbaota. 23 TJIABA 5 : KOHTEAHEPHDIE CYA Opa Konteftnepusauyuu Ha MopcKoM (pore, Havanmlanca, Kak cantar, B cepequne 1960-x rogos, xapakrepu3yeTca He TonbKO ace. 60sec HIMPOKHYM OXBATOM HOMeHKatypbl TepeBOSHMBIX B KOH- TCHHCpax rpysop, HO H HeMpepbIBHLIM BOSpacTaHweM uMCAa KOHTCH- HepHbiX CyhOB M MMpoBoro Mapka KoUTeHHeEpos. Hao ckasatb, uTo Nalia eTpana ye B 1972 rT. ucpesesna no 2keNesHbim Woporam 34 Muu. + Tpy3oB B KOHTeHHCpax H pacnona- rata B TO BpeMaA apKoM KOHTCHHepoB B uNCcTe cB 1 MH. Ty, Ho 85% na Hux mpcacrapmaan cobol Mane KouTefnepLl EMecTHMOCTbIO 2,5—5,0 T, Meuenecoo6pasune Ald MOPCKMX ucpe- BO3OK, Te IIPHHATH raaBebIM O6pasom McK /YHAPOAHLIG KOHTETi- nepbl BMecTHMocTDIO (Maccoll SpyTto) B 20 u 40 7 [29]. C 1972 r. conercxuii riapk KouTelinepos 6EICTpO nonoanserca cTaHAaprHpimMy 20-roKHIMH KOHTeiHCpaMy, a Hain MOpcKOH cbaoT— xouTeltHepHbinn cyzamu. B pespase 1973 r. CCCP ppnmen Ha uep- boc MeCTO B Mupe MO TONHAKY 3aKa3aHHLIX H CYPONUMXCA TOBBIX KOHTeHHEepHBIX CyiOp [30], a r1aBHbe coseTcKue nopta (Jlenun- rpag, Pura, Uapnyencx, Haxonia uv xp.), Kak M Bce raaBnefimne MEKCSHOMOPOMEbIG CTAHLHN CIPaliil, Hayaan nepepaGoTKy SoaL- Wcrpy3HbIX KouTefinepos. 3a py6exom KonTelinepH3allMa OXBaTAAa BCe BHAbL Tpancuop- ta, u B 1974 rf. TOmbKO OJHa MOKAyHapOAHaH opranu3zalua B 3a- nagHch Espone nepepesna oKoxo 550 ric. Gospilierpy3HbIx KoH- TeHHepos, a caxxemecnuypiit obMeH KOHTciucpamu Mexay CIMA w Exsponoit Aocturaer 50 raic. eqnHuu. Tio mporvo3aM = 3apyGexHLx cnelkaductos, x 1977 r. B MeKAyHaponHbix Nepeso3Kax Gyner Ha- XOMuTLCA OKOAO 315 TLIC. MopcKHX KouTefHepos [31]. flepenexTusyt pasBuTus MUpoBbix MOpcKux KoHTeltHcprisx nepe- ROSOK UpexycmaTpuBair [82] nocrenenRoe yBeuuvenue goan Ho- MeHKATYPLI PPY3OB, ROCTYIHEIX RX NepeBOsKA HX B KOHTCiiNepax, H BOSpacTaioulve TCMITBI OXBATA 9TAX Tpy30n KOHTCHHepHZaLeli (cm, Ta6nuuy): 1 — Toast | 1970 1975 | 1980, 1990 - i | | : ! Hlora noMenkaatypi rpyson, xoeryn-; 50 | 60 wm | 8 BH An KOHTeRHEpHOaLL, Sp : Alowa oxsata wx Kontednepusannel, 8 1 16 56 | 100 % Hecmorpa na zoTonWHTedbHBIe KanHratoRaoxKenna (MocTpoit- Ka CHCNMARM3KPOBAHHEIX CYAOB — KOHTelHepoBo30B, cosmanye mapka KONTeiHepoB, CrpoHteabCTBO CHCuMaaTHSHpOBAHHBIX up4ya- OB B 10praX -C YCTaHOBKOH Meperpysoukore oGopyauBaHAs), He- Nompsopanue GoAbMTMxX KOHTelHEpOB MOsBOAeT CHHKaT Hapos- HOXOSARCTBCHU LE, Packonh, a MUPBORAVWaALHLIc SaTpatTh OKyNAOT- ca 3a OmHH-ABa rona [31]. 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Ulupuna 2%Ke STHX CYMOB OpcAcagcTcs ocTOwWMBOCTHIO, MHpH- HoH KONTCHHCpoB, BeMHAHHO! 3a30poR MOKTY HUMH M UMpHHOl nOACOB BepxHeli Nary6H, O6ecHewMBalIOWMX UpouHOCTL KOpuyca Ilupuna cyaua aBnsetca pemalomuM baxtopom gan oGccucucnHa ocrolunpocTu, B ocoGeHnocTy weo6xonHMOl ann KONTCiHCpoBOsa, TepeBosalcro TpeThiO 4aCTh Ppysa Ha MaayGe. OGecriexenne ourn- Ma@IbHOA OCTOHYMBOCTH B MOAHOM Fpysy BacueT 3a coGol u36bITou- HYIO acTONUHBOCTh Tam TIO PORTMETO Ha HH Tp nenoanet ocaz- Ke, PeryHpyeMVKO oOgHAaAKO COOTBETCTBYIONLUM paciipesereHHeM PpyXKeHbIxX HU MOpoxHNX KOHTCHHepOB H TIpHemom Gasacta, Zina xourcliueposo30p cepun «Encounter Bay» nenpeiirom npu upoeKTHol ocagKke 21750 T mp roMoreHHOH sarpyake xKonTetne- pos (Bkmouag 2 apyca Ha Namy6e), co cpenneé maccoh 14,7 ruc 25 sanacom ‘romimpa 5000 1, Ho 6e3 GanmacTa MeTatleHTpHueckaa BHICcoTa paBHa 1,25 m u Audcpepent na Kopmy 2,3 M, a B KOHUE pefica coorretcrBeHHo 0,366 u 0,61 mM. Jina mopomnero axe cynna «5500 T 6ansacta MeranentpuuccKkad BLicoTa paBHa 4,79 MK Aub epcuT wa kopMy 3,91 mM. Uro6nt NO BOSMOMHACCTH YRCIHUHTb BMCCTHMGCTD Koutclinep- HBbIX TPIOMOB, JHOKA CTpCMHTCA ACdaTb, KOHECYHO, Kak MOAHO 66.4b- TUMMK HO IHpHHe (fo 0,85 nogHol mupunet cyaha), Manny KaxKo- TO WGKA UPpHHAMaloT OG6bINHO paBHoa AIBYM JIKHaM KOUTeHnep os, a HHcAQ J1OKOB OMpegenserca OGuICH RAKHOH rTplomoB, 3annMai0- wx NpuMepxo 0,7—0,8 ATHHDI cyaa, ¢ ycTpolicrsoM y3KHx Tepe- MbLIYeK Mew Ay COCCHHHMH JOKaMAH, Takum oOpasom, nanyGa KOHTeMMepHoro cyRHa oKasbipacTca HACTOADKO BBIPC3AIIHOL, UTO BOSHHKAIOT MOMOANMTeADHbIe TpeGo- RaHHA B OTHOWCITMA oGectexeHHA O6mel H MecTHOu MpQouAOCTH 1H *MecTKOCTH cyo“OTrO KOpTyca, LOMyCTAMBIe ACHopMallMH KoTOporo TipH BCeX YCHOBHAX SKCIAyaTauH HE AOMKHE UPCBOCXOANTL UpC- ACIOB, IPH KOTOPBIX MOMKET BOSHAKHYTh ONACHOCTh Sale MJIeHAA H HOBPCMACHUT KOHTCIinepOR CTOMKAMH TPIOMIIBIX AYCCK. OTH TpeOORaHHA BbINOAHAIOTCA IPH UPOeXTHPOBAMAH ToReMWAX KOHTCHHCpOBO30B, CBHMETCALCTBOM YCMY MOREL CAYRUTH H3Mepe- HHe geopmannh nany6nl 6 cpcwuch acta KORTeAHCposO3a «Tokyo Bay» anmnoit 289,5 M, He oGuapyxXuBUee 3HATHTC.IbHOTO nporu6a KOpliyca Bpw ciycke ero CO cTaliens, T. €. HMEHIIO B TOM cayuae, KOTZa Ha CYMHO AcicTeyeT H3rHGaloulu MoMenT, MpeRoc- XORAINUMI Mo BeAKUNHe BCe BeposTHble B GyRymel sKcnayaTalnH pacuerHbie C.ly4aH usrHGa. Koucrpyxuua xopnyca Gompmoro KoHTeliHepowo3a onpexcadet- Cd B OCHOBHOM 43 ycsoBHi OGecneyenHA TIpownocTH mu 2KCCTKOCTH cro Ha n3rH6 uw Kpyycuuc. TIpu pacacre uposzoabnolt mpownacru OcoGeHHOCTEIO KOHCTpyKNAH KOpMyca KOWTCHHepHOTO cyaHa HBAS eTcd HanMyue KecrKo THWWeBOM wacTH SKBUBAaeHTHOYO Gpyca, KOTOPAR LOWKHA OLITh NO BOZMOMKHOCTH ypaBHOBeMICHa ABYMH KO- poOuaTbiMa NoANaTyOHLIMH NPOLOMPHLIMN Oankamu HeOOMbUINX ra- OapATOR, OCTABNAIOMIUX OTKPEITOH MOKOByIO YacTh maayOst. Ocobo %e HeGnaronpHaTHy!o Harpysky-Ha KOpnyc KOHTeACp- moro CyHHa coslaeT Kpy¥eHue, Tak Kak BCacKcTBHe pacnosJomeHus NWewTpa cHBHTa Ha JHWHN KM HAH HwKe ce, TOPUSOUTacibHEIe CH: Abl BLIGHIBAIOT B AONOAHCHHE K TOPH3OHTaqbHbIM HarHOaouluM Mo- MeHTaM jOOABOYHBIe CKPYYHBAIOIIKe MOMeHTH 3HaqduTeabHOH BezH- SHHBI C COMYTCTBYIOHIMMH OOAbMiMMH HalipsxKeHHaAMU uM AchopMa- WHAM MepeKoca. Ocesnie YCHAYA, BbISBAHIHE MCPEKOCOM, BbI3bI- BaIOT TIPOMOMbHOe CMCHICHMe GNHOrO GopTa OTHOCHTCALHO Apyroro, KOTOPOMY, ECAH Tle CUHTaTh 3akpbiTbIX OKOHCUHOUICI. COUDOTHB- AAIOTCA TOABKO NGIEPeUNble MEKAYAIOKOBLIC Taay6upie IICPeMBIYKH, Tipu sToM MOxKctT BO3RHKAaTb BBICOKaA KOHMeHTPalluA HanpAKcHHt B COCHHHERHAX MOTepeyHHIX HaxyOueix Mepempiuek c KopoouatbiMa TIPOAOANEIMAR GaaKamy. 27 ’ JioMuMo craTHuecKHX HalpysoK GbicTpOXOMHOC KoHTeHHepIoS cCyAHO uOkBepraercs# BosMelicTRHIO RHOpaluM KoOpnyca, BEIsRATOH ROMaMH, KOTOpoe yBeTHUNBaer HaupHKcHRa. Ilpayem HecwoTpa Ha TO, ITO pesoHane scKH'T B OGaacTH WusKUX SHeprH cneKTpa BOJHCHHA, BeMHYNHa HANpPAKCHM MOMer OLITh 3HAYHTCALHOH. Alaa yoBarersopenHst NOBbILeHHEIX TpeGoBaHHi K upowiocTH KOphyca KPyNHbIx HYCHCTHIX CyMOB WX MPHXOWHTCH CTPOKTh 3 JO- POrux MerHpoRaHNbIX BEICOKOMpO NIX cTanei c HCNOAL30BaHueM B OTBETCTBEHHEIX M€CTAX AHCTOB TOALIHHOK No 40—50 mM. u B pe- syabTatTe Mo oGulel Macce cTambHoro KOpyca, a raapitoe To era CTOHMOCTH, KOHTelHepoOROsbI SHAYHTeADHO UpeBOCXORAT OGLITILIS cylla Tex Ke pasMepos. . Boweiiad WapyCHOCTh KOHTCHHCPHEIX CYAOB, BH3BaNad snavH- 1€MbHO BLICOTOH HaABoxnoro GopTa M HadHaHeM fady6HbIX KOH- TefiHepon, TpeGycr NOBBINeHHA, MeTaleHrpuyecKoll BEICOTEI, HO OF- PaHHUeHNOcTL WBPHHLI KPYNHEIX KOHTeMMepoRo30R COELHO . He HO3BOMAeT O6CCHETHTh WOCTATOUHEEA MOMEHT HHEPilHH Trowlaaw Ba- aepannuy. Tlosromy RKonTcHnepmbie cya XapakTepH3yloTcA BHICCr KUM TOTOKeHHEM LHTpa THKECTH H OTHOCHTCALDHO HUIKHM 3HauE- HHeM MeTALCHTPHYECKOH BBICOTH, KOTOpad Aad paain4HLix cayya- €B Harpy3ku (KpoMe XOJa B Gamacte) CoxpaHneTca MOUTH HCH3- MCHHOH TyTem npwemMa Borsuoro Gaanacra, Bricoxoe pacnoroxKe- HHC WeHTpa TAKeCTH H OTHOCHTeIbHO Mamad MeTalieltTpuyeckas BBICOTa IIpeonpeacamior Gombuo KpcH cyAHa TpH OHtcrpotr mepe- KaLKe PYJIA Ha BbICOKAX CKOPOCTAX, YTO MOKET RARE ipencTap- HATh OWACHOCTS TPH WOURITKC pyACBOro ucIpaBATL UoMOmeNnwe o6paTHoli. nepekaadkol pyad. Jina o6ecneuénva OcTOHUMROCTH HPHXOAMTCH MpHIMMaTb 3HauH- TeabHoe KOmMYecTBO -Gannacta (BMecTHMOCTE HoMemenuil ana Ganaacra Ha, KpyHHbIX KONTeiHepHLIX cymax Rocturaer 17 Thc, m) W peryxuporatL ero PasmenleHve B pa3WUHEIX OceKax Kopmyca, ~ RAT YeTO HY?KHO UMCTb MOMUTyIO GamacrHyi cucremy. 7lna .saxpensenva naay6Hnix KouTeliucpon UpHMcHsOTCA oco- Obie HalTOBHble ycrpolicTBa, BKAIOTAIOMWMe VHOTAa cHelnanbuble Ta- ayOuble pan wan 64H, OOwergaioulMe Hw ycKopsiomlMe TrpysoBEie onepatHn c naay6uEIMH KoHTeittepamu, a WAS YMelbUIeHKA aM: tyapr 6opToBoit KauKH MHOTHe KoHTelinepoBosu ‘o6opyzyioTcn yc- MOKOUTCAbHBIMH DMCTCPHaMM HH YIpaBAReMLIMH GOKOBLIMH pyaa- Mu — cTa6uausaTopamy. ipa morpy3ke KOHTeliHCpOR B TeECHbIe WH rry6oxne suctku (H HpH BLIrpyske 43 HHX) cyqHO MonwKHO coxpa- HAT MPAMOC"UOMOKEHHE, YTOOI KOHTeMHep He saKTHHHACA HW He sacTpaa B Hallpayasiomux. C atok yembio sce Goabuiue KoHTeliHe- poBosn o6opynyiorca 6LIcTposetictayioMaMH Kperoppimn cucreMa- MH, ABTOMATHUECKH NCBCKAYMBAIOMLAMH C DOPTa Ha OOPT WHAKHH Oannact W npeqOTBPaUlaiOWMMM HaksoHeHHe CyABa Ha HexonycTH- Mbit yrom (G6oace 3—4°) B nepHONbI rTpysoBblx onepallai. Zins oGecneyenua sHeprveli Bcex ncpequcnenHErx ycTpokcTs # cHcTemM, KaK MH MHOHX Apyrux noTpe6uTcnelt auepruu, HeObxoaH-- 28 MBIX Au SKCHAYATALHH COBPeMeHHOrO MeXaHH3sHpOBaHHOrO cya, Tpe6ytca cyMOBbIe STeKTpOCcTaHUMH Gobo MomHocTH: (B OCO- OckHOCTH B Tex CiyYaHx, Korqa TcpeBostca pedprxcparopunic KOHTelivepbl, HYATaOMHecs B HeMpepLIBAO NO_avE XonOMa). Hanpemcp, Ha Kontetepososax tuna «Kamakura Maru», u0- crpoenHbix 8 Anodun Ran auHnn Anonma—Expona vepes Tlazam- ckui Kanaa [34], 9neKTpocranuma CocTOHT H3 AByx TypGorcHepa- roposp no 2500 KB-A u wsyx An3ean-rcHepatopos no 1625 KB-A, 1. c. ee O6Llan MOU(HOCTR (oOKONO 9 THC, Jc.) PaBHa MOUIHOCTH Beet (BKO4ag rélaBHbili ARUTaTemb). sHepreTHyecKol ycTaHOBKH YHHBePCaqbHOro CYAHa Aid WCPCROSKH HaBaANCUHLIX rpysoB UupR- Mepho Tore xe Zeganefira (35 rpic, T). MH, wakonen, Kpynnnie KouTeiucpoxosnl, pabotaiomme Ha Raab- HUX MOPCKMX M OKCAHCKHX JMHMAX, BbIACAMIOTCA CpeAM BCCX TpaHe- HOPTHEIX CYLOB CBOMMM BBICOKUMH CKOPOCTAME, a CHeLOBATeMbHO, YW HeOGLI4HEIMH MOTHOCTAMH raaBHLIX AsHratTeaell, “ Toctatouo cka3aTb, UTO SKCIWIyaTauonHble CKOpOCTH GOAbUINHCTBA JIHHeHHLX KOHTeliKepORO30B, NOcTpoenHEIX B nepHoa 1971—1973 rr., mexanu B Mpetenax 26—28 ys (Ha 6—8 ya Bbime cKopoctelt maccamupe- KHX CYAOB), a HaH6omce GbICTPOXORHEIM 43 HHX EpHnagqiexaT ME- PORLIe peKOPAH CKOpAcTH epekK MOPCKMX CYOB. . B 1973 r. pexopa Ha TpaxcaTAanTAuecKOn aMITHH GLI MoctaB- weH XOHTEHHCPOBOSOM «Sea Land Mc Lean», epeccKildM OkeaH ga 3.cyt 2! 4m 5 mau co cpennei exopoctsio 32,71 a BCKOpC uocne gToro ogHOTHOHOe cynHo «Sea Land Exckange> noxasano Cpenmioi 9sKcUAyaTauMOHHy!0 cCkKOpocrh Ha nepexoge 33,54 ys, uto IeWaMHOro yCtyuaer He MOGUTOMY A0-cuxX Op HA ORHUM Apy- THM Ie€BOCHHDIM " CYRHOM pekopay maccakupckoro — jaiuepa «United Staies», 3azocpasucro

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