SEMINAR ON ELT RESEARCH

Understanding result and its retorical pattern an academic paper

By
Group A

Indah Nurul Hasna 2130104030

Irvan Aldyan Putra 2130104033
Nanda Dwi Aksari 2130104045
Puja Andina Putri 2130104049
Rahmat Juliadi 1830104052
Raka Alkautsar 2130104054

Lecturer:
Zulhermindra, M.Pd.

ENGLISH TEACHING DEPARTMENT

TARBIYAH DAN TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY
UIN MAHMUD YUNUS BATUSANGKAR
2024
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Introdction

In the realm of academia, the communication of research findings is not

merely about presenting raw data or statistics; it is an intricate process guided by
rhetorical patterns aimed at effectively conveying the significance and
implications of the results. This introduction delves into the crucial aspect of
understanding results and the rhetorical strategies employed in academic papers.
By dissecting these elements, scholars can enhance their comprehension of
scholarly discourse and refine their own writing practices.
The presentation of results in academic papers serves as the cornerstone of
scholarly communication, encapsulating the culmination of rigorous research
endeavors. However, the mere exposition of findings is insufficient; it is the
strategic organization and articulation of these results that imbue them with
meaning and relevance. Scholars employ various rhetorical patterns to not only
elucidate the outcomes but also to persuade and engage their audience in a
meaningful dialogue.
One prevalent rhetorical pattern is the deductive approach, wherein authors
begin with a succinct summary of the key findings before delving into the
intricacies of the results. This method fosters clarity and coherence, allowing
readers to grasp the essence of the research outcomes swiftly. Conversely, an
inductive approach may be adopted, wherein authors gradually unveil the results,
building suspense and intrigue before arriving at conclusive insights. Such a
method can be particularly effective in studies characterized by complex or
nuanced findings.
Moreover, the rhetorical choices extend beyond the mere structuring of
results; they encompass the language, tone, and emphasis employed by authors.
Whether through the use of vivid imagery to illustrate findings or the judicious
selection of terminology to convey precision and objectivity, every linguistic
decision contributes to the overall impact of the results section.

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 Furthermore, the interpretation and discussion of results constitute a pivotal
phase wherein authors elucidate the significance of their findings within the
broader scholarly discourse. Here, rhetorical strategies such as comparison and
contrast, synthesis of disparate findings, and anticipation of potential objections
are instrumental in fostering critical engagement and advancing knowledge.
In essence, understanding results and their rhetorical patterns in academic
papers is indispensable for both scholars and aspiring researchers. By discerning
the nuances of rhetorical strategies employed in presenting and interpreting
results, scholars can elevate the quality and efficacy of their scholarly
contributions, fostering a richer and more robust academic discourse.
Through a nuanced examination of the rhetorical dimensions inherent in
academic papers' results sections, this paper seeks to elucidate the intricate
interplay between language, structure, and meaning, thereby empowering scholars
to navigate and contribute to the scholarly landscape with acuity and precision.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition / Concept Of Result

(Jos & Ammon, 2022) The results (or findings) section is one of the most
important parts of a research paper, in which an author reports the findings of
their study in connection to their research question(s). The results section should
not attempt to interpret or analyze the findings, only state the facts.
B. Purpose of a Results Section
The results section summarizes and presents the findings of the study to
put them in context with your research question(s). The study’s data should be
presented in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation. Findings may be
reported in written text, tables, graphs, and other. (Jos & Ammon, 2022)

C. Differences Between Results Section and Discussion Section

The results section of a research paper tells the reader what you found,
while the discussion section tells the reader what your findings mean. The results
section should present the facts in an academic and unbiased manner, avoiding
any attempt at analyzing or interpreting the data. Think of the results section as
setting the stage for the discussion section by making all the necessary
information known to the reader. It is not uncommon for these sections to be
combined, but researchers will often use sub-headings to distinguish between the
two.

D.How Is a Results/Findings Section Structured?

When structuring the results section, it is important that your information is

presented in a logical order. There are three basic parts to this section. Sample
results/findings sections are provided with annotations later in this handout.

● First, begin with an introduction to connect the results with the research
question(s). This brings the readers’ focus back to the purpose of the
study after reading the literature review and methods sections of your
paper.

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● Second, present your findings in a structured way (such as thematically or

chronologically), bringing the readers’ attention to any important,

interesting, or significant findings. Be sure to include a combination of
text and visuals. Data illustrations should not be used to substitute or
replace text, but to enhance the narrative of your findings. Take a look at
the example below.

Data Illustration Example

A total of 5365 snakebites were reported to the CPCS from 1 September

1997 through 30 September 2017. All bites were reported from
rattlesnakes. The majority of snakebite reports were reported from health
care facilities (4607, 85.9%) versus private residences (671, 12.6%),
with the distribution of number of cases per county and incidence
(number of cases per 1 million residents) shown in Figures 1 and 2.

● Third, the results section should include a closing paragraph that clearly
summarizes the key findings of the study. This paves the way for the
discussion section of the research paper, wherein the results are
interpreted and put in conversation with existing literature
E.How Is a Results/Findings Section Structured?

● Do write with an academic, impartial, objective tone to increase

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 credibility as a scholar.

● Do provide clear topic sentences that connect your findings to your

research question.

● Do take time to establish key findings in connection to your research

question.

● Do include any negative findings, as failing to do so would hurt your

credibility as a scholar.

● Do include statistical significance tests if applicable.

● Don’t attempt to discuss, interpret or analyze your findings within the

results section.

● Don’t use vague terms or generalizations when presenting your findings,

always be specific.

● Don’t present raw data that can be summarized or presented visually.

● Don’t present the same data multiple times, but decide on one format to
best convey it.

● Don’t present data that is not relevant to your research question(s).

F. The Example of Result Section

a. Sample of Qualitative Results Section with Annotations

b. Sample of Quantitative Results Section with Annotations

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CHAPTER II

CONCLUSION

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jos, S., & Ammon, C. (2022). Results Section for Research Papers. 1–6.