PROCESS DESIGN CALCULATIONS

FOR TUBE SETTLER IN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

5.0 (C) TUBE SETTLER

Raw water Flow =

Recycle Flow =
Design Flow =
=
Number of units provided =
So, Design flow per Tube Settler =
=
=
=
Shape of unit =
Length of Tube Settler provided =
Breadth of Tube Settler provided

Tube Pack Data:

Shape =
Cross sectional area =
Hydraulic radius =
Settling area : 60° Slope =
Settling area : 55° Slope =
Vertical Space between Tubes =
Angle of inclination =

Select, Settling rate on the horizontal projected area of Tube Pack =

Apply the probability factor,as recommended by theTube Pack Vendor =
Revised Settling rate on the horizontal projected area of Tube Pack =
=
Kinematic viscosity of water at 30°C =
Design temperature of water =
Kinematic viscosity of water at 30°C =
Correction Factor for Settling rate, w.r.t. Kinematic viscosity =
=
Corrected Settling rate =
=
Selected Settling rate on the horizontal projected area of Tube Pack =
Selected vertical depth of Tube Pack =
Plan area of the Tube Settler =
=
Volume of Tube Pack provided =
=
Loss of volume of Tube Pack, on account of inclination =
=
Effective volume of Tube Pack =
=
Settling area of Tube Pack, corresponding to the inclination, =
based on the effective volume of Tube Pack =

Actual Settling rate on the horizontal projected area of Tube Pack =

 <

Check for the performance of the Tube Settler:

Sedimentation takes place in the length following the transition length and it will retain all particles
with a settling velocity less than Vs.
Vs = V. k / { [sin θ + (Ls/d)cos θ ] }
Where,
Vs = Settling velocity, m³/m²/h
Ls = Settling length of Tube
d = depth of water in a Tube at right angle to the direction of flow, m
θ = angle of inclination of Tube Pack to the horizontal
k = a coefficient
= 1.33 for Hexagonal Tubes

Schiller formula to calculate transition length:

Lt = 0.0288 NR .D
Where,
Lt = Transition length
V = Average velocity of flow in the Tubes, m³/h.m²
= U / sin θ
U = Average upward velocity, m³/h.m²
= Surface loading rate of the Settling Tank
= Rate of flow / Tube entrance area
ν = Kinematic viscosity of water, m²/s =
NR = Reynolds Number

Ls = L - Lt
Where,
L = Length of Tube
Ls = Settling length of Tube

Plan area of the Tube Settler =

=
The tube entrance area is reduced due to the thickness of the tube pack and also due to the supporting
structure provided.
The support width of minimum 60 mm is recommended at a centre-to-centre distance of 1000 mm, in a
square grid.
No. of supporting angles, lengthwise @ 1m c-c spacing =
=
Say =
No. of supporting angles, breadthwise @ 1m c-c spacing =
=
Say =
Width of supporting angle of standard size, provided =
=
Plan area lost by the supporting angles of width 65 mm =

=
Plan area lost by the thickness of the Tube Pack =
=
=
Total area of obstruction for flow through Tube Pack =
=

Tube entrance area =

Average upward velocity, U =

=
Average velocity of flow in the Tubes, V =
=
=
=

Hydraulic radius, R ( = CSA / Wetted perimeter) =

Equivalent diameter, D ( = 4 R) =
=
Reynolds Number, NR =

=
=
Transition length of Tube =
=
=
Settling length of Tube, Ls =
=
=

Relative settling length of tube = Ls/d =

=
Coefficient k for Hexagonal shaped Tubes =
Vs =
=
=
>

Unit Size
Flow per Tube Settler =
=
Approx.liquid height above the top of the tube pack =
Vertical Height of Plates =
Horizontal velocity in the clarification shall be 0.02 to 0.03 m/s.
Horizontal Velocity in the clarification zone selected =

C/S area of clarification zone required below Tube Pack =

=
Height of the Clarification zone required =
=
Depth of the sludge compression zone provided =
Space provided for sludge scrapper =
Side water depth of unit required =
=
SWD provided =
Provide V-Notch weir plates on the inner side of overflow launders.
Recommended weir loading for Tube Settler =
Length of weir to be provided =
=
No.of overflow launders to be provided =
=
Say =
Approx.length of weir provided in each Tube Settler =
=
Discharge rate at design flow over the weir =
=
=
<

Design Hydraulic flow per Tube Settler =

=
Discharge rate at design Hydraulic flow over the weir =
=

Size: 4 Nos. Tube Settlers, each of 11.4 m x 11.4 m x 4.05 m SWD

ANT

0.20 Mld
0.00 Mld
0.200
0.200 Mld
1 nos.
0.2 / 1
0.200 Mld
200.000 m³/d
10.000 m³/h
Square
1.50 m
1.50 m

Hexagonal - Chevron
120 x 44 mm x mm
0.015 m
11 m²/m³
13 m²/m³
0.044 m
55 °

1.00 m³/m²/h
0.70
1 X 0.7
0.70 m³/m²/h
0.00000080 m²/s
30.00 °C
0.000000800 m²/s
0.0000008 / 0.0000008
1.000
0.7 X 1
0.700 m³/m²/h
0.700 m³/m²/h
1.000
1.5 X 1.5
2.250 m²
2.25 X 1
2.250 m³
1.5 X 1 X (1/TAN ( 55))
1.050 m³
1.200
1.200 m³
1.2 X 13
15.596 m²

10 / 15.596
0.641 m³/m²/h
 0.70 m³/m²/h
Hence O.K.

t will retain all particles

0.00000086 m²/s

1.5 X 1.5
2.25 m²
d also due to the supporting

e distance of 1000 mm, in a

(1.5/1)+1
2.50 nos.
3.00 nos.
(1.5/1)+1
2.50 nos.
3.00 nos.
65.000 mm
0.065 m
(11.4*13*0.065)+(11.4*13*0.065
-(13*13*0.065*0.065)
0.547 m²
3.00 % of plan area
3%*129.96
0.068 m²
0.546975 + 0.0675
0.614 m²

2.25 - 0.614

1.636 m²

10 / 1.635525

6.114 m/h
U / sin θ
7.464
7.464 m/h
0.002 m/s

0.01500 m
0.06000
0.060 m
VR
ν
0.003*0.015/0.00000086
36.163
0.0288*NR*D
0.062
0.062 m
L - Lt
0.938
0.938 m
0.938/(SIN(55*PI()/
180)*44/1000)
26.025
1.33
V. k / { [sin θ +
(Ls/d)cos θ ] }
0.630450962918617
1.117 m³/m²/h
0.641

Hence O.K.

10.000 m³/h
0.0028 m³/s
0.50 m
1.00 m

0.025 m/s

1093.75 / 3600 / 0.025 m²

0.11 m²
0.1111 /1.5
0.074 m
0.50 m
0.30 m
2.374
2.374 m
2.50 m
Hence O.K.

250 m³/m/d
26250/250
105.000 m
105/(2*(11.4-(1/TAN 55°)
4.907
6.000 nos.
6*2*((11.4)-(1/TAN55°))
128.398 m
1093.75 / 128.398
8.52 m³/m/h
204.44 m³/m/d
250.00 m³/m/d
Hence O.K.
30.000 Mld
30000.000 m³/d
30000 / 128.398
233.65 m³/m/d