RAVI MATHS TUITION & TEST PAPERS , WHATSAPP 8056206308

Human Reproduction
12th Standard
Biology
225 x 1 = 225
1) Identify the figure given and the part labelled "A".

2) How does the sperm penetrate through the zona pellucida in human ovum?
3) Name the calls that nourish the germ cells in the testes.Where are these cells
located in the testes?
4) When do oogenesis and spermatogenesis initiate in human female and
male,respectively?

08
5) How is the entry of only one sperm and not many,ensured into an ovum during
fertilisation in humans?
6) State the function of trophoblast in human embryo.
7) Name the embryonic stage that gets implanted in the uterine wall of human
female.

the human ovary.

63
8) List the changes the primary oocyte undergoes in the teritiary follicular stage in

9) Difine spermiogenesis.Where does it occur?

10) Hoe many eggs do you think were released by the ovary of a female dog,which
gave birth to six pupies?
20
11) Which type of cell division forms spermatids from the secondary
spermatocytes?
12) During reproduction,the chromosome number (2n) reduces to half (n) in the
gametes and again the original number (2n) is restored in the offspring.What are
the process through which these events take place?
56

13) Mention the importance of LH surde during menstrual cucle.

14) What is the significance of ampullaryisthmic junction in the female
reproductive tract?
15) Where are human testes located?
80

16) Name the part of the duct system which conducts the sperms out from the
testes.
17) What is ehaculatory duct?
18) What is urethral meatus?
19) Name the ducts received by urethra in a human male.
20) Name the glands associated with human male reproductive system.
21) What is the function of the secretion of bulbourethral glands apart from
nourising the spermatozoa?
22) What name is given to the male external genitalia?
23) What is mons pubis?
24) Name the conical structure formed anteriorly by the fusion of labia minora.
25) Mention the number of chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte.
26) Where are the sperm heads found embedded to survive after spermiogenesis?
27) Why is the middle piece of human sperm considered as 'powerhouse of the
sperm'?
28) Name the cavity present in a mature Graafian follicle.
29) At what stage is meiosis I suspended in a primary oocyte?
30) Name the cells formed after meiosis I of the primary oocyte.
31) Name the process of rupture of Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of
egg from the ovary.
32) How many ova will be produced by one full-grown primary oocyte?
33) How many chromosomes are present in a human ovum?
34) Name the membranous covering of ovum (secondary oocyte) at ovulation .
35) In which organ is corpus luteum formed?
36) Why does corpus lutium secrete large quantity of progesterone during luteral
phase of the menstrual cycle?
37) What is insemination?
38) Not all copulations lead to pregnancy.Give reason.
39) Which particular part of human sperm secretes enzymes to facilitate its
penetration into the ovum?
40) When is meiosis II completed in the oogenesis of human female?
41) What is cleavage?

08
42) What are blastomeres?
43) Name the part of blastocyst that forms the embryo proper.
44) What name is given to the cells of inner cell mass,that have the potential to give
rise to all tissues and organs in a human being?
45) What are chorionic villi? 63
46) Name the hormone secreted by the ovary only during pregnancy.
47) What is meant by gestation period?
48) Define foetal ejection reflex.
20
49) Name the hormone responsible for the vigorous contractions of the uterine
muscles.
50) Sometimes,the doctor injects some medicine into the body of a pregnant
woman to induce uterine contractions and parturition.What do you think,the
doctor injects?
56

51) Define Lactation .

52) The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in the
blank boxes.
80

53) From where the parturition signals arise-mother or foetus? Mention the main
hormone involved in parturition.
54) Give the names and functions of the hormones involved in the process of
spermatogenesis.Write the names of the endocrine glands from where they are
released.
55) Write the technical term for the following:
(i) Funnel lying close to the ovary.
(ii) The period of endometrial repair and regeneration.
(iii) Copulation chamber in the human female.
56) Supply the scientific term for the following:
(i) Release of ovum from ovary.
(ii) Onset of menstrual cycle in female.
(iii) The structures that pick up ova from body cavity.
57) Suppose the acrosome of mammalian spermatozoa does not function
normally.How would it affect the fertilisation?Give reason.
58) Write the function of Bartholin glands.
59) What is hymen?
60) What is the location of Cowper's glands in the body?
61) What is the location cervix?
62) Which hormone is supposed to promote motility to spermatozoa?
63) Define semen.
64) How much semen is discharged per ejaculation in man?
65) What is the location of Sertoli cells?
66) What is the function of Sertoli cells?
67) What will happen if the fallopian tubes are partially blocked and the ovulated
eggs are prevented from reaching the uterus?
68) Name the cells which produce testosterone. What is the function of this
hormone?
69) How does ovum which is released in the body cavity enter the fallopian tube?
70) Define umbilical cord.

08
71) In how many weeks development of foetus is completed?
72) What is after birth?
73) What is rete-testis?
74) How does the inguinal hernia develop?
75) What is the size and shape of human ovary?
76) What is antrum? 63
77) Which particular part of mammalian sperm secretes enzymes to facilitate
penetration of sperm?
78) What is the purpose of implantation of the foetus?
20
79) What is the name of the process of synthesis of yolk by oocyte?
80) How many sperms will be produced from 100 primary spermatocytes?
81) Why cannot more than one sperm cell fertilise one evum?
82) At what stage of life is oogenesis initiated in human female? when does the
oocyte complete oogenesis?
56

83) What is teratogen?

84) When do morphogenetic cell movements takes place?
85) Define spermiogenesis. Where does it occur?
86) How does colostrum provide initial protection against diseases to new born
80

infants? Give one reason.

87) Give any two striking similarities in the sequence of embryonic development of
all vertebrates.
88) What are the fundamental methods of reproduction?
89) What is mesovarium?
90) What are the male and female gametes called?
91) Give the function of scrotum?
92) What does the head of a sperm consist of?
93) Name the part of the female genital tract where foetus develops.
94) Name the membrane that covers the vaginal opening in the virgin.
95) By which structures are the testes suspended in the scrotum?
96) Where are the sperms stored in the male?
97) How many sperms are present in a single ejaculation?
98) Give the term used for the age at which the reproductive organs become
functional?
99) What is the special structural feature of the epithelial cells that line the
fallopian tube?
100) Name some extraembryonic membranes.
101) Give the term used for the period between fertilisation and birth of young one.
102) Which event marks the animal pole of the human ovum?
103) What type of twins would result if the two blastomeres formed by first
cleavage separate?
104) How are fraternal twins formed?
105) Which are more common, identical or nonidentical twins?
106) From which germ layer are nervous system and receptors formed.
107) Which germ layers produce (a) Kidneys and (b) urinary bladder?
108) Which germ layer gives rise to liver, pancreas, thyroid and thymus?
109) Name the germ layer that produces skeleton and muscles.
110) Which foetal membrane takes part in the formation of placenta in man?
111) Are maternal and foetal blood in direct contact in the placenta?

08
112) At what stage is the mammalian embryo implanted in the uterus?
113) What is "afterbirth".
114) What is the other name for trophoblast cells lying over the embryonic disc.
115) What is colostrum?
116) When does a woman attain puberty?
63
117) Are male and female gametes haploid or diploid?
118) Somatic chromosome number is 40. What shall be the chromosome number
in the cells of seminiferous tubules?
119) Name the stages when oogenesis and spermatogenesis initiate in human
20
female and male, respectively?
120) Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is also called the secretory phase. Give
reason.
121) Given the name of the hormone which is secreted by corpus luteum.
122) Give the name of structures by which testes are suspended in the scrotum.
56

123) The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in
blanks boxes.
80

124) State the function of fimbriae.

125) What is the role of cervix in the human female reproductive system?
126) Arrange the following parts of mammary gland in correct order in which milk
secreted from the cells of alveoli of lobes reaches the nipple. Lactiferous duct,
mammary duct, mammuary tubles, mammary ampulla.
127) How is the entry of only one sperm ensured into an ovum during fertilisation
in human?
128) State the function of trophoblast in human embryo.
129) What stimulates pituitary to release the hormone responsible for parturition?
Give the name of hormone.
130) Female reproductive organs and associated functions are given below in
column I and column II. Fill in the blank.
Column IColumn II
Ovaries Ovulation
Oviduct A
B Pregnancy
Vagina Birth
131) The diagram shows the female reproductive system. Where do fertilisation and
implantation occur?

132) Cervix contains the largest and the strongest sphincter in its wall. Give
reason.
133) Name the pouch in which the human tests are present.
134) List different parts of human oviduct through which the ovum travels till it
meets the sperm for fertilization.
135) Name the cells that nourish the germ cells in the tests. Where are these
located in the tests?
136) Where is acrosome present in humans? Write its functions.
137) Write the location and function of Leydig cells in humans.
138) Write the function of Seminal vesicle.
139) Write the location and function of the Sertoli cells in humans.

08
140) Give reasons for the following:
The human testes are located outside the abdominal cavity.
141) Write the specific location and the functions of the primary spermatocyte in
human male.
63
142) Mention the function of mitochondria in sperm.
143) What is the number of chromosomes in the following cells of human female?
(i) Primary oocyte
(ii) Ootid
(iii) Secondary oocyte
20
(iv) Folliclecells
144) Name the type of cells present among the interstitial spaces of seminiferous
tubules. Give one function of these cells
145) Name two animals that exhibit oestrus cycle.
146) Mention the difference between spermiogenesis and spermiation.
56

147) Write the function of each of the following:

(a)Luteinizing hormone in human males
(b) Middle piece of human sperm
148) Why is follicular phase also called proliferative phase?
80

149) The basal parts of endometrium remain intact during menstruation. Give
reason.
150) What is inguinal canal?
151) (a) Why is mother's milk considered very essential for the healthy growth of
infants?
(b) What is the milk called that is produced in the initial days of lactation?
152) Where does fertilization occur in humans ? Explain the events that occur
during this process.
153) Write the physiological reason, why a woman generally can not conceive a
child after 50 years of age?
154) State the difference between meiocyte and gamete with respect to chromosome
number.
155) Explain the function of myometrium and endometrium in human females.
156) Explain the function of umbilical cord.
157) During fertilization hundreds of sperms are in the vicinity of an egg cell; but
only one sperm enters the ovum. How is this achieved.
158) Arrange the following terms in their proper sequence. Parturition, gestation,
implantation, fertilization, gametogenesis, insemination.
159) The act of procreation in mammals and humans involve some basic steps.
Mention them in a sequence?
160) Testis / Ovary are called as primary reproductive organs while all the
associated ducts and glands come under secondary organs. Give justification for
it?
161) Testis like ovary develop within the pelvic cavity, but in the later part of the
development testis descend out of the abdominal cavity . What could be the
reason for it?
162) The generating tissue must be accompanied by nursing tissue also. Elaborate
this statement with respect to human testis?
163) Spermatogenesis is a continuous process but its release is not. How
reproductive system does manage this situation?
164) Based on the above question, explain that under what physiological
conditions are the sperms managed and what changes are brought before their
release?

08
165) Penis is considered to be a secondary sex organ; still its tube is called as
urino-genital canal. Give reason for this consideration?
166) Penis consists of soft tissue and this condition is of no use for insemination.
How is this problem overcome during the reproductive physiology?
63
167) The spermatozoas need to be activated for bringing out the act of fertilization.
What role does accessory sex glands play in this process?
168) Ovaries are made of soft tissue and are not fixed in any bony socket but are
placed in abdominal cavity. So there is a possibility that they may get displaced.
But this generally does not happen. How is this attained?
20
169) There is no direct connection between ovary and fallopian tube, so there is
possibility that the ovum may be released within the abdominal cavity, but it does
not happen. How does a fallopian tube prevent this situation?
170) Vagina has dual role in the female reproductive system, both being very
crucial in their aspect. If any one of them fails then the very purpose of the system
56

fails. Explain the statement with proper justification?

171) Uterus has three layers with each performing its specific function. What is the
role of middle and inner layers and which hormones influence their functioning?
172) “Presence of hymen is the indication of virginity, while its absence means the
reverse." Discuss the authensity of the statement in the light of modern
80

understanding of the reproductive physiology?

173) Once the breast is emptied of the milk, the milk is being produced
continuously but it is not being released simultaneously. Secondly the rate of
sucking of milk is more than the rate of its production. What does this tells you
about the availability of the stocks of milk?
174) Starting with gameto-gonia ( spermato-gonia and oo-gonia) and ending into
sperma-tid and oo-tid, represent the formation of haploid sex cells. Then what is
the specific need of morphogenesis and that also in only one of them. Elaborate
the statement with proper justification?
175) Seminiferous tubules are the factories for the generation of spermatozoas, but
they can’t work on their own. What stimulus do they get? Is the stimulus
generated within the tubule or some where else?
176) Spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis are two different processes but both
are essential for male reproductive system. How do they differ from each other?
177) A sperm after being released in the vagina must reach the end of the fallopian
tube to participate in the act of fertilization. What machinery comes into play for
the said purpose?
178) Do LH and FSH have the same function in the male and female reproductive
physiology? Justify your answer.
179) For completing the act of fertilization the sperm must fuse with the ovum, but
the latter is surrounded by lot of extra follicular cells. How the sperm does
manage to fuse with the ovum?
180) Fertilization requires one male and one female gamete, but there are
approximately 200 million sperms in a single ejaculation. How then the female
reproductive system and the ovum ensure monospermy?
181) The days of the menstrual cycle start with the onset of menses rather than
with the end of menses. Give your justification for such a calculation?
182) “Nothing goes waste in the living system. Prove this statement with the help
of the different stages of the Graffian follicle in the ovary?
183) Spermatogenesis when started gets completed in a single sequence, but
oogenesis stops at secondary oocyte stage. The process starts again with
fertilization. Why it stops first and then what happens during fertilization act that
the oocyte regains its activity?
184) The size of single celled haploid ovum is same to the single celled but diploid

08
zygote and its size is same to the multicellular morula till it is the fallopian tube.
Give the reason behind this observation?
185) Placenta is an intimate connection between maternal and foetal tissues. It is a
dual organ. Justify?
186) Placenta is not just a connection and umbilical cord is not just a tube. They

Justify.
63
remain active throughout the gestation period. Is the above statement true?

187) “After birth” is not the name of any proceeding to be executed after the birth
of a baby, it is some thing else. Elaborate on the authenticity of the statement?
20
188) The dimensions of the fully formed foetus are more than that of the birth
canal. How the baby does makes its way out and what role does uterus plays in
it?
189) The milk produced by the mother for the first few days is important for the
baby not only energetically but also for some other reason. Elaborate on this
56

statement?
190) Name the glandular layer of human uterus.
191) Which layer of uterus undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle?
192) Spermatids possess haploid chromosome number. Explain
193) Name the process of release of spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into cavity of
80

seminiferous tubule.
194) Name the hormones which maintain accessory ducts in males.
195) Mention the stage at which oogonia reach their maximum number.
196) List the changes the primary oocyte undergoes in the tertiary follicular stage
in human embryo.
197) When are polar bodies formed in female ovary?
198) Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. Is it true/false? Explain.
199) When does ovulation occur?
200) What do you call the layer of cells forming the outer wall of the blastocyst?
201) Name the thin clear coat surrounding mammalian egg.
202) What is the name of network formed by the fusion of open ends of
seminiferous tubules? Where does this network lead to?
203) Are there any homologous organs in male and female reproductive system? If
yes, give examples.
204) Observe the relationship between first two words and suggest suitable word
for the fourth one
(i) Ovary: Mesovarium: : Uterus: A
(ii) Male: Penis: : Female : B
(iii) Male gametes: Sperms: : Female gametes: C
205) Name the muscular layer of human uterus.
206) State the functions of acrosome.
207) Sperms have a tail whereas egg does not, why?
208) What is the function of umbilical cord?
209) Name the important mammary gland secretion that provides resistance to a
newborn.
210) Identify the odd one out in each of the following sets:
(a) Rete testis, vas deferens, isthmus, epididymis.
(b) Seminal vesicles, ampulla, prostate, bulbourethral glands.
211) Name the hormone that maintains the functions of male accessory ducts and
glands.

08
212) In which phase of menstrual cycle is corpus luteum formed?
213) Name any two hormones found in the blood of a pregnant female only.
214) What are stem cells in a human embryo?
215) How is a primary spermatocyte different from a secondary spermatocyte?
216) How many primary follicles are left in each ovary in a human female at
puberty? 63
217) How is the first sign of growing foetus noticed?
218) State where the signals for parturition arise from, in humans.
219) Define Lactation.
20
220) X is the structure by which testes gets suspended in the scrotum. X can be
(a) septum scrota
(b) spermatid cord
221) A fluid rich in calcíum citrate, fibrinolysin, acid phosphatase that contributes
to approximately 30% volume of semen is released from which gland?
56

222) Among the different layers of human uterus, which one is the identified as the
glandular layer?
223) The Leydig's cell as found in the human body are the secretory source of
which hormone?
224) Spermatids possess haploid number of chromosome. Explain.
80

225) The implantation of a human embryo initiates when it is in blastula stage or

has divided upto 100 cells. Can you guess the age this of embryo al stage?

*****************************************

APRIL 3RD 2024 TO FEB 2025

JOIN MY 12TH WHATSAPP PAID TEST GROUP
WITH ANSWERS.ONE TIME FEES RS.2000
FINAL EXAM
UNLIMITED MATHS PHYSICS CHEMISTRY
BIOLOGY DPP UPLOAD FULL YEAR
WHATSAPP - 8056206308