1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter gives a concise overview of the study and focuses primarily on the

problems that brought by the researchers to the idea of conducting further studies

regarding the proposed topic.

Introduction

Nowadays, Philippines continues to experience disastrous fires, often marking

some of the worst fire incidents in history. It is a calamity that can harm lives and affect

the economic status of community. Also, it is a man-made disaster that can cause a lot

of destructing and loss of lives. Its incidence in an area causes alarm to the people. In

terms of human related incidence, there are two major causes of it, either accidental or

intentional. On the other hand, there is only one effect of fire incidence which is damaged

that can be classified as property damaged. Thousands of people have been made

homeless because of fires.

In the Philippines, thousands of lives and billions worth of property are lost every

year because of seemingly inescapable fires, often caused by negligence and sheer

apathy of its consequences. The Philippines continues to experience disastrous fires,

often marking some of the worst fire incidents in history. As stated in International Fire

and Security Exhibition and Conference (IFSEC) Philippines, on May 13, 2015, a fire

broke out at the Kentex Manufacturing factory in Valenzuela City, wherein 74 people

were killed after being trapped inside the burning shoes-and-slippers factory. It is the

third worst fire incident in the Philippines after the 1996 Ozone Disco Club fire that killed
 2

162 and the 2001 Manor Hotel fire that led to the death of 75 people. There's a lot of

possible causes that can lead to a disastrous fire. In concordance with Republic Act No.

9514. Section 1. This Act shall be known as the “Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008”.It

is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote economic development through

the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of destructive fires, and promote the

professionalization of the fire service as a profession. In agreement with Republic Act

No. 9514 Section 4. Applicability of the Code. The provisions of the Fire Code shall apply

to all persons and all private and public buildings, facilities or structures erected or

constructed before and after its effectivity. As stated by Real living, the eight (8) common

causes of fire in the Philippines are the following: Dried leaves; Faulty electrical wiring;

Faulty electrical equipment; unattended stoves and ovens; unattended candles; Children

playing with fire; flammable liquids and careless smoking.

Furthermore, Republic Act No. 9514 section 7 states the inspections, safety

measures, fire safety, constructions and protective and warning systems. This includes

that the owners of structures, buildings, premises or facilities shall prepare a fire safety

instruction, or develop fire safety programs. Fire safety instructions contains an

emergency directions and evacuation plan. This republic act also discussed about having

protective and warning systems. Thus, every occupants shall provide a fire protection

features such as sprinkler systems, hose, and other fire-fighting equipment such as fire

extinguishers.

According to the Bureau of Fire Protection (2018), the top three causes of fires are

electrical connection, lighted cigarette and open flame. On April 06, 2019, a fire incident

occurr in Barangay Sta. Clara, Batangas City. According to the Department of Social
 3

Welfare and Development (2019), two hundred and four (204) families were affected by

the fire incident. For now, the affected families are currently staying inside an evacuation

center.

There are common practices of eliminating fires. One of those practices is the usage

of water. As the world faces a water crisis due to overpopulation, urbanization and

environmental degradation, most of the residents are experiencing water shortage which

results to hindering the residents to use water in eliminating fires. Another practice is the

use of fire extinguisher. Fire extinguisher is one of the most effective fire protection

devices but not all can have it. One of the reasons why some people are unable to have

fire extinguisher at home is because of its price and most of the residents do not afford

to buy a fire extinguisher.

Though many studies have conducted to verify the effectiveness of the alternative

fire extinguisher, there is still a need to conduct more studies on how the alternative fire

extinguisher works as an alternative fire protection equipment. According to Helmenstine

(2019), the main components of the alternative fire extinguisher are vinegar and baking

soda and showed the chemical reaction between a vinegar and baking soda that

produces a sodium acetate, the sodium bicarbonate present suffocates the fire and emits

it. However, this study will use of three main components which are the vinegar, baking

soda and dish washing liquid. The researchers added the dish washing liquid as one of

the three components because it helps to cover the surface of the burning oil, starving

the fire of oxygen and putting it out. The temperature has been reduced because the oil

is covered which means that there is no danger of the fire re-igniting.

 4

The researchers decided to conduct this study to develop an alternative fire

extinguisher to handle type A fires without the use of fire extinguisher. Thus, this research

study will help the residents to become aware about the alternative fire extinguisher to

eliminate fires. Being aware of the alternative fire extinguisher, the residents could share

their knowledge to those who also does not have fire extinguisher at home. Also, the

possible solution will help the residents who cannot afford the expensive price of a fire

extinguisher.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model of the study. The first box

includes the input of the statement of the problem. It is the advantages and

disadvantages of the alternative fire extinguisher, and the difference between the

commercial and alternative fire extinguisher. The process, which is presented on the

second box is concerned with the survey using questionnaires, the process outcome and

analysis to the present study.

Lastly, proposing an action plan to implement the use of alternative fire extinguisher

is the output of the study presented on the third box.

 5

Advantages and

disadvantages of the

alternative fire

extinguisher Survey Proposed an action

Data Gathering plan to implement

The difference the use of alternative

Data Analysis
between the fire extinguisher.

commercial and

alternative fire

extinguisher

Figure 1

Research Paradigm
 6

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the alternative fire extinguisher for

type A fires.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the alternative fire

extinguisher?

2. How does the alternative fire extinguisher differ from the commercial fire

extinguisher for type A fires in terms of:

2.1. Contents;

2.2. Price; and

2.3. Convenience?

3. Is there significant difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and

alternative fire extinguisher for type A fires?

4. Based on the findings, what action plan could be proposed to implement the use

of the alternative fire extinguisher?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and

alternative fire extinguisher for type A fires.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The research focuses on the effectiveness of the alternative fire extinguisher. This

study also included the differences between the commercial fire extinguisher and the
 7

alternative fire extinguisher. It was further delimited to the detergent, sodium bicarbonate

and vinegar as alternative fire extinguisher and does not include other substances.

At the end of the study, the researchers will determine an action plan that will be

proposed to implement the use of the alternative fire extinguisher.

This study focuses on the perception of the fire fighters in Batangas City. However,

this study did not further tackle the personal information of the residents.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

People in the Community. This study will provide them a research-based

information on how to address fire without using fire extinguisher. They will be aware of

the ways to handle type A fires.

Students. The result may serve as a basis to their investigatory projects and

experiments, regarding about fires. It could stimulate their minds by having awareness

on how to manage fires without using commercial fire extinguisher.

Teachers. This study will help the science teachers give experiments related on this

study on how to make an alternative fire extinguisher and how it works through science.

Future Researchers. The findings also serve as a guide to future researchers when

they conduct similar or related studies. They could also use this study as the basis of

ideas relevant to their study.

 8

Definition of Terms

For the readers to have a better understanding and clearer view of the terms that will

be used in the study, researchers defined the following terms conceptually and

operationally.

Dishwashing liquid. One of the most adaptable staples in your household stash.

Because the liquid is generally mild, it is frequently a better choice as an all-purpose

cleaner than other harsher chemicals (Soon, 2016).

In this study, it helps to eliminate fires by covering the surface of the burning oil that

starves the fire of oxygen.

Fire. It is one of the biggest threats. A fire can destroy in a matter of minutes a home

or business that has taken decades to establish (Woodford, 2019).

In this study, it refers to a calamity that can harm lives and affect the economic status

of community.

Type A fires. Class A fires are the most common type of fire and the kind that most

of us are familiar with. (Mitrokostas, 2018).

In this study, type a fires involve solid combustible materials such as wood, paper,

cloth, trash, or plastic.

Fire Extinguisher. It is used as a first aid in defending one's self from getting harmed

through extinguishing fires. This device can be a major component in keeping people

safe during fire emergency situations (Fireline, 2017)

In this study, it is an equipment to handle and eliminate fires.

 9

Sodium Bicarbonate. It is widely used in baking because it causes dough to rise by

producing carbon dioxide. Aside from cooking, baking soda has a variety of additional

household uses and health benefits (Raman, 2017).

In this study, it refers to one to the main components of the alternative fire

extinguisher.

Safety. A means to provide a safe work environment (Balderson, 2016).

In this study, it is affected by the absence of the fire extinguisher.

Vinegar. A solution typically consisting of 4–7% acetic acid and 93–96% water,

though types with higher acetic acid content are available for agricultural or cleaning

purposes (Hill, 2018).

In this study, it also refers to one to the main components of the alternative fire

extinguisher.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the variety of reviews on related literature and related

studies concerning the topic. Consequently, it provides the researchers with a better and

deeper perception on undertaking the research.

Related Literature

Many types of fire extinguishers are currently available and these are the contents of

fire extinguishers. The carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguisher contains carbon dioxide forced

into its liquid state by the pressure they can be used in class B or C and since carbon

dioxide does not leave a residue, cleanup is not a problem. Halon extinguisher contains

a halogenated hydrocarbon agent forced into a liquid state by pressure, the most

common halons for portable extinguishers are Halon 1211

(bromochloridofluoromethane) and Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane). It also includes

the dry powdered extinguisher, this is available in stored pressure and cartridge operated

unit containing one several available dry powder agents this is suitable for class D fires

and are only effective fire control agents for this type of fire. (Schroll, 2016)

Disadvantages of alternative fire extinguisher conducted by australian goverment

(2018) based in fire protection industry are inert agent cylinders have a bigger footprint

than an equivalent ODS and SGG system. Additional resources, such as the cost and

labor, would be required for replacing cylinders after discharge or during the 10-year

maintenance period. Greater need for pressure relief venting of the enclosures. Can

require high-pressure pipework.

 11

Bromann (2016) explained that the public protection from fire is one of the many

responsibilities of a building management. Any fire protection programs has its integral

part which is the fire extinguishers. These are seen as a first line of defense against all

fires. A fire extinguisher should be accessible by placing it in an easy-to-reach and very

visible location, most preferably near the door or entrance, so that the person will not

have to pass across the flames and smoke just to reach an extinguishing equipment.

Portable fire extinguishers are to be used according to the instructions found on the unit’s

label and only contain a limited quantity of an extinguishing material. The typical duration

of use for 5 lb is about 20 seconds only and 40 seconds for 10 lb fire extinguishers.

As stated by De Guzman (2016), fires either come from human accidents or

intentional fire setting. Natural Disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can also

lead to big fires. Fires in a controlled environment are helpful and constructive society

while uncontrolled fires are dangerous and may result to loss of lives and properties in a

short period of time. Fires are considered as threats to the communities, destroying

settlements, historical structures, and the environment. It is important to become aware

on how to prevent these destructive phenomena from occurring to ensure the safety of

each individual.

Furthermore, Meacham, et al. (2016) discussed that fires are dangerous events that

results to destruction of properties and loss of lives. In addition to their physical costs,

fires have a range of less immediate and obvious dangerous consequences on the

natural environment. These include contamination of air and contamination from water

runoff which consists of toxic or hazardous materials and products and other

environmental discharges.
 12

Fire is a chemical reaction that contains three elements which are heat, air and fuel.

Those three elements are represented as a triangle which is called fire tetrahedron or fire

triangle. Eliminating fires requires removal of one or more of its components. Fire is a

useful element and force of nature because it can produce heat and light. However, fire

can also turn an entire house and buildings completely to ashes in a few hours. It can

even destroy an entire plantation (Lanada, et al., 2016).

In addition, Serapio (2016) states that fire is considered as the fourth main

earthquake hazards. Fires can be started by different dangerous materials such as

broken gas lines and power lines, or tripped over wood or coal stoves. Fires can be a

serious problem especially when water lines which can help in eliminating fires are also

broken. Most hazards are because of the people which are commonly known as human

induced or man-made hazards.

Based on Parena (2016), the number of fire accidents or fire cases around the city is

increasing every year. More and more destructive fire are documented each year

especially for the month of March despite the efforts of the government to inform public.

Its shows the significant number of live lost and injury and properties damaged. There

are many source of fire and majority of it is preventable. There are three main categories

of causes of fire carelessness and accidents, electrical equipment, and smoking or

lighting of fire materials.

Fire extinguishers are important for the safety and convenience of each individual. It

must contain a relevant extinguishing agent for the type of fire that is most likely to occur.

Furthermore, Fire extinguisher must also be mounted so that it is not hidden or obscured

from the view. Fire extinguishers are need to be always readily available and absolutely
 13

must work properly when needed to prevent the fire from spreading and to reduce the

risk of losing lives and properties (Lyman, 2018).

Furthermore, Luna (2016) added that the management of fire hazards is best done

during disaster risk reduction management. This means that the risk may be reduced by

doing proper prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Fire

preparedness consists of having a fire contingency plan and a warning system, practicing

and conducting fire education seminars and fire drills, following safety tips at home,

schools and other establishments, setting evacuation areas and protocols for evacuation,

and the most important is having an available fire extinguisher at any establishments.

As stated from the article written by Lee (2019), a home single use fire extinguisher

that can fight against type A, B, or C fire costs $15-$20 (Php758.10-Php1010.80) while

the multi-use home and office fire extinguisher ranges with the cost of $35-$75

(Php1769.25-Php3791.25). Pressure gauge, a rating sticker defining what type of fire it

can extinguish, mark that indicates that it meets the safety guidelines, plastic or metal

valve and head are all included in most of the commercial fire extinguisher. Multi use fire

extinguisher needing a refill or recharge usually in fire station or in other services typically

cost $15-$20 (Php758.10-Php1010.80). Fire extinguisher are generally needed to be

inspected yearly.

Related Studies

Based on the research conducted by Wang (2018), fire extinguisher agents are

being used in the world extensively for suppression and control of fire. Each year, fire

control agencies utilize millions of mixtures on a wide array of ecosystem. On the other
 14

side, the application may contain danger, plants and animal species are significantly

threatened. Historically, little information was available on toxicity of these chemicals to

aquatic and land life. It has also less information was available when it comes in impacts

at the community and ecosystem.

A study conducted by Ragnar (2017) found out that light foam can be the best

extinguishing method. Light foam makes limited property damage in general and might

also reduce smoke damage. However, Ragnar also stated some disadvantages of using

foam. Heavy foam increases the damage with longer exposure and does not easily

penetrate electronics.

Martin, et al. (2019) stated that fire extinguishers are pressure devices that requires

maintenance operations that will ensure its capability to function during the disaster. Due

to fire protection regulations, a minimum number of fire extinguishers must be available

depending on the surface area of the establishment. Also, fire extinguishers has their

respective places which are always close to the points that are mostly likely to be affected

by fire and where the extinguishers are visible and accessible to use. Each fire

extinguisher has labels to verify that the labeling, installation, and conditions comply in

accordance with its standards. It is important to have a fire protection device to ensure a

greater safety of an individual's life and reduce economic destruction caused by the fire.

As stated in the study conducted by Fireline (2017), fire extinguishers turns out to be

very important in terms of fire protection in case of fire emergencies. It is used as a first

aid in defending one's self from getting harmed through extinguishing fires. This device

can be a major component in keeping people safe during fire emergency situations. Along
 15

with this, out of eighty percent fire incidents, sixty percent was not notified to the fire

station because it was prevented by a simple fire extinguisher.

Fire extinguishers are often considered as a convenient gadgets that releases a

combinations of water, froth, gas, or other materials to put out a fire. It is a functioning

gadgets used to control small flames, and regularly in dangerous circumstances.

Ordinarily, a fire extinguishers comprises a hand held round and hallowed weight vessel

containing a specialists which can be released to put the fire down (Aristo et al., 2018).

Fires gives a great impact to people, property, and environment. In some cases, the

resulting losses are extraordinary, it cause hundreds of deaths, widespread damage to

property and contents, and significant impacts on the environment. In addition, fire may

cause casualty or affect a single home, even though the effects are still highly significant

to those who are affected and collectively substantial (Milke, 2019).

Kihila (2017) stated in his study that fire disasters are considered as man-made

disasters accompanied with the most devastating impact which can affect both lives and

properties. The levels of the impacts has been severe in places in which has low level of

disaster preparedness. Kahila investigated the level of fire disaster preparedness

considering different factors which are the availability and condition of firefighting facilities

as well as the knowledge on fire disaster. According on his study, there were no enough

equipment that could be used during fire disasters such as water and firefighting facilities.

However, there are no fire assembly points that will considered as a safe area. Most

people were also unaware of the things that should be done in order to extinguish a fire.

Also, people are not well prepared to handle and manage fire outbreaks.
 16

According to Glauberman, et al. (2018), when it comes to disasters like fire, evacuees

has low level of knowledge when it comes to the location of building fire stairs, how to

enter the stairwell, or where the stairs lead. Evacuees were also unfamiliar with building

evacuation plans, were not confident evacuating the building without instruction, or

lacked knowledge regarding evacuation routes. The increase of the population in urban

areas is also one of the cause of increasing number of urban disasters. Engaging in drills

and emergency preparedness is an effective way to reduce risk of death and injury during

crises.

Fire is one of the major disasters in rural communities but evidence of the

effectiveness of education interventions against fire risks is limited. The study was

conducted in various pre-set time points of an intervention-based project in a Dong-based

community in Nanjiang Village, Guizhou Province in 2015 and 2016 to increase

knowledge among the villagers about how to reduce general- and electrical-fire risks.

The knowledge of using fire blanket, recalling the correct emergency telephone number,

unplugging unused electrical appliances, and not using water to extinguish electrical fires

had immediately improved after the interventions. Subjects demonstrated a better

understanding that fire blankets can fight a blaze if used appropriately, and that

knowledge was sustained for 17 months. The interventions were effective in improving

fire prevention and response knowledge. Targeted interventions should be organized

according to communities’ culture, the evolution of economic prosperity and lifestyle

practices (Chan et al. 2018).

Voelkert (2015) states that others such as dry chemical, halon, halogenated agents

and foam can be used effectively. The primary advantage of halogenated agents has
 17

been the lack of clean up required after using the agent. In some environments (such as

electronics, data processing, jet engines and high tech optical equipment), discharging

other extinguishing agents such as dry chemical or water could cause more property

damage than the fire itself. Halogenated agents as used in hand portable extinguishers

were never as effective as more common agents on typical class B and class A fires.

Here are Halon Alternatives, since the ratification of the Montreal Protocol, alternatives

to Halon 1301 and Halon 1211 have been sought. Various proprietary blends of gases

are available on the market. Having the correct equipment and proper maintenance

without effective training on proper use of the equipment is inadequate. Effective

equipment in the hands of trained personnel will not be effective if the equipment has not

been maintained and either fails or performs poorly in an incident. There are four

elements to be present in order for fire to exist. Fire was thought of as a triangle with the

three sides represented by heat, fuel, and oxygen. If any one of the three sides were to

be taken away, the fire would cease to exist. A class “A” fire can involve any material that

has a burning ember or leaves an ash. Common examples of class “A” fires would be

wood, paper, or pulp. The preferred method for extinguishing class “A” fires is to remove

the heat.

Synthesis

Wang (2018) and Ragnar (2017) has the same concepts. Both studies stated that

the application of fire extinguisher agents may contain danger, and plants and animals

are significantly threatened due to the chemicals. However, Ragnar also stated the

advantages of a foam extinguishing equipment. Light foam can be the best extinguishing
 18

method. Light foam makes limited property damage in general and might also reduce

smoke damage.

Schroll (2016), and Aristo et al. (2018) discusses the contents of fire extinguisher.

A commercial fire extinguisher contains carbon dioxide forced into its liquid state by the

pressure and does not leave residue. It also contains halogenated hydrocarbon agent

and other dry powdered agents. However, Bromann (2016) stated that the typical

duration of use for 5 lb is about 20 seconds only and 40 seconds for 10 lb fire

extinguishers.

De Guzman (2016), Meacham (2016), Lanada, et al. (2016), Serapio (2016),

Pareña (2016), and Milke (2019) states that fires occurs either because of natural

disasters or human accidents. Broken gas lines, power lines, coal stoves are dangerous

materials that can start a fire. Uncontrolled fires may result to loss of lives and properties

in a short period of time. It has obvious dangerous consequences on natural environment.

However, Luna (2016), and Fireline (2017) discusses that fire extinguishers is important

for safety. It is used as first aid in defending one’s life from getting harmed. Also, it must

contain a relevant extinguishing agent for type pf fire that most likely occur. As stated by

Luna (2016), and Martin et al. (2019) the risk maybe reduced by doing proper prevention,

mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Fire extinguishers must be visible and

accessible to use and follow the instructions in accordance to the labels to ensure a

greater safety.

Furthermore, Kihila (2017), and Glauberman et al (2018) added that some

evacuees has low level of knowledge when it comes to the location of building fire stairs

and were unfamiliar with building evacuation plan. Also, the study found put that some
 19

establishment are no fire assembly points that will considered as an safe areas. However,

Chan et al. (2018) added that the evidence of the effectiveness pf education interventions

against fire risks is limited.

However, the studies conducted differ in some ways. Voelkert (2015) states other

contents of a fire extinguisher such as dry chemical, halon, halogenated agents and foam

can be used effectively while Ragnar (2017) states that it should be a light foam to lessen

the property damage because heavy foam increases the exposure and does not easily

terminates electronics which results to high property damage.

Also, Fireline (2017) states that fire extinguishers turns out to be the most important

thing to protect one's lives from a fire. On the other side, Wang (2018) states the opposite

side which is application of the fire extinguishers. The application contains danger which

results to plants and animals be threatened.

To summarize, this study has its similarities and differences with the related studies

mentioned. This study is a quantitative research and requires product. In relation to the

alternative fire extinguisher, the statement of Broman (2016) is the same point that the

researchers want to help with, which is the responsibility of an establishment or a

management for fire safety. The alternative fire extinguisher contains CO2 that is found

in class A and B in liquid state as well. It is different from the dry chemicals that is a bit

messy to clean and also with the halon extinguisher. A commercial fire extinguisher has

a cost of labour for replacing cylinder after a duration of 10-years while the alternative

fire extinguisher is a ready-to-use and a ready-to-prepare product with a duration of 6

months to expire when made.

 20

Even though there are many studies conducted related to fire and fire extinguishers,

there is a must to conduct this study for the people to have their knowledge about the

importance of having a fire protection device and about the alternative fire extinguisher

which is the aim of this study. Wherein the alternative fire extinguisher will be a great help

for those who do not have fire extinguisher at their homes.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of the study that contains the following:

research design, population and sampling, data gathering instrument, data gathering

procedure, and the statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study is a quantitative type of research. Quantitative type of research is

mathematical or numerical analysis of data. Determining the effectiveness of baking

soda, vinegar and dishwashing liquid as an alternative fire extinguisher is the purpose of

the study.

The researchers use an experimental type of research design. On the other hand,

Ojmarrh (2017) states that experimental research designs is centrally concerned with

constructing research that is highly causal validity. Causal Validity concerns the accuracy

of the statements regarding cause and effect relationship. Thus, the researchers use

experimental research design to achieve the purpose of the study.

Population and Sample

The subjects of the study are the fire fighters from Bureau of fire protection in

Batangas City, San Pascual and Bauan since they are responsible for any fire disasters

in a respective areas.

The researchers gathered the total number of fire fighters in every station which

are twenty seven (27) in Bauan, twenty five (25) in San Pascual, thirty (30) in Batangas
 22

which results to a total of eighty two (82) fire fighters. Due to a big number of population,

the researchers determined the sample size using the formula given by the National

Education Association in United States to compute for the need sample size to have a

valid number of respondents.

The researchers arrived at sixty eight (68) number of respondents in this study.

However, due to financial problem. The researchers selected fifty (50) respondents:

fifteen (15) respondents in each stations in Bauan and San Pascual, and twenty (20)

respondents in Batangas station.

The researchers used simple random sampling in choosing the respondents of

the questionnaire. Simple random sampling (SRS) is a sampling method in which all the

element in population and, consequently, all of the units in the sampling frame have same

probability of being selected for the sample (Ochoa, 2017)

Research Instruments

The research used survey questionnaire as the main research instruments of this

study. Also, they used survey questionnaire in consolidating the needed information that

would serve as a basis to answer specific problems of the study which will be given to

the respondents. A survey is a data gathering method that is utilized to collect, analyze

and interpret the views of a group of people from a target population. Survey have been

used in various fields of research, such as sociology, marketing research, politics and

psychology.

The research prepared survey follows the two specific sets of questions. The first

part is referring to advantages and disadvantages of using the alternative fire

 23

extinguisher. The second part is the difference between commercial fire extinguisher and

alternative fire extinguisher. Reading books and published materials that that relate to

the recording of knowledge. Collecting the related data and information, understanding

the principles, and steps on making and developing the collected set of data are

fundamental steps in this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers prepared a questionnaire regarding the alternative fire

extinguisher. A survey will be conducted by random choosing the respondents. The

following steps and procedures are done.

The first step is randomly picking some respondents from the fire fighters from

Bureau of Fire Protection in Batangas City, San Pascual and Bauan and informing about

the research that the researchers are conducting The second step is asking for the

permission to be a respondent and will assure them confidentiality. The third is the

summarization of the information gathered and will analyze it for the improvement of the

alternative fire extinguisher.

The data and information are gathered through the use of the survey questions.

The survey questions are composed of several questions which are related to the

alternative fire extinguisher.

Statistical Treatment

The data were collected, tallied, analyzed, and statistically treated to come up with

the accurate findings and results the researchers use weighted mean, ranking and

anova.
 24

Ranking. This was use to show relative position of an item.

Weighted Mean. This was used to measure the average extent of the data

provided by the respondents. It is the summing up of all the values divided by the total

number of respondents.

Anova. It is used to determine the significant difference between the alternative

fire extinguisher and commercial fire extinguisher for type A fires.

 25

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered

in the study about sodium bicarbonate, detergent, and acetic acid as alternative fire

extinguisher.

1. The advantages and disadvantages of using the alternative fire

extinguisher.
Table 1
Advantages of using alternative fire extinguisher

Weighted Verbal Rank

Statement Mean Interpretation

Agree 4
1. It is easy and convenient to use. 3.28
Strongly Agree 1
2. It is more affordable. 3.7
Agree 5
3. It is a good substitute for 3.22
commercial fire extinguisher
Strongly Agree 2
4. It does not affect the environment 3.66
Strongly Agree 3
5. It is lighter than the commercial fire 3.56
extinguisher.
Composite Mean 3.48 Agree

On the first rank, the statement the alternative fire extinguisher is more affordable

with the weighted mean of 3.7 and a verbal interpretation of strongly agree. And on the

fifth rank is the statement that the alternative fire extinguisher is a good substitute for

commercial fire extinguisher has the weighted mean of 3.22 and has the verbal

interpretation of agree.
 26

Lyman (2018) states that having fire extinguisher is important for the safety and

convenient of everyone during a fire disaster. Also, Wang (2018) stated that the

chemicals mixed in the commercial fire extinguisher threatened the environment unlike

the contents of alternative fire extinguisher which does not harmed the environment.

Table 2

Disadvantages of using alternative fire extinguisher

Weighted Verbal Rank

Statement Mean Interpretation

3.18 Agree 2
1. It cannot terminate heavy fires.
3.06 Agree 4
2. It consumes a short period of time
to be prepared.
3.2 Agree 1
3. It has low pressure when sprayed.
3.14 Agree 3
4. It drains immediately.
2.9 Agree 5
5. It has a stinky smell.
Composite Mean 3.74 Agree

For the disadvantages of using an alternative fire extinguisher, the top on ranking

states that it has a low pressure when sprayed, with a 3.2 weighted mean and a verbal

interpretation of agree. According to the australian government (2018) which supported

this result, the greater need for pressure relief venting of the enclosures, and the pressure

created by the alternative fire extinguisher is due to the carbon dioxide it produced. The

last on ranking states that the alternative fire extinguisher has a stinky smell with a
 27

weighted mean of 2.9, which means most respondents strongly agreed with it. The smell

of the liquid soap fought with the smell of the vinegar that made the stinky smell vanish.

2. Differences between alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire

extinguisher

The respondents assessed the Differences between alternative fire extinguisher and

commercial fire extinguisher in terms of contents, price, and convenience. These were

shown in the succeeding tables.

Table 3.1
Differences between alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire
extinguisher in terms of contents

Weighted Verbal Rank

Statement Mean Interpretation

1. The Alternative Fire Extinguisher Agree 2

has a harmless chemical content 3.24
compared to the commercial fire
extinguisher.
2. The contents of the alternative fire 2.76 Agree 3
extinguisher creates more efficient
terminating effect.
3. The contents of the alternative fire 3.38 Agree 1
extinguisher may be found at home.
4. The Alternative fire extinguisher 2.38 Disagree 5
terminates fire faster than the
commercial fire extinguisher.
5. The alternative fire extinguisher is 2.58 Agree 4
almost the same to the commercial
fire extinguisher
Composite Mean 2.86 Strongly
Agree

Table 3.1 shows the difference between Alternative Fire Extinguisher and

Commercial Fire Extinguisher. The first rank states that the respondents revealed that
 28

the contents of Alternative Fire Extinguisher can be found at home with a weighted mean

of 3.38 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. This is supported by Marin (2015) by stating

that Sodium Bicarbonate or known as Baking Soda serves a variety of purposes, ranging

from household uses such as baking and cleaning, to treating minor medical ailments

like sunburn and insect bites. Also, Woodford (2019) states that detergent is a chemical

substance you use to break up and remove grease and grime, while soap is simply one

kind of detergent. The most important ingredients in detergents are chemicals called

surfactants. That will make the fire extinguisher to release foam. And lastly the vinegar

which is usually used as an ingredient to different dishes. Also, It states that the

alternative fire extinguisher terminates fire faster than the commercial fire extinguisher

ranked fifth weighted with an average of 2.38 and a verbal interpretation of disagree. Fire

extinguishers are important for the safety and convenience of each individual. It must

contain a relevant extinguishing agent for the type of fire that is most likely to occur.

(Lyman, 2018)
 29

Table 3.2
Differences between alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire
extinguisher in terms of price

Weighted Verbal Rank

Statement Mean Interpretation

1. The alternative fire extinguisher is Strongly Agree 1

much cheaper than the commercial 3.58
fire extinguisher.
2. The fire extinguishers has different 3.1 Agree 4
prices but has the same effects.
3. The cost of an alternative fire 3.44 Agree 2
extinguisher is affordable for people
in a low class state.
4. The cost of a commercial fire 3.44 Agree 3
extinguisher is nothing compared to
the safety it can provide.
5. The alternative fire extinguisher has 2.4 Disagree 5
almost the same price to the
commercial fire extinguisher.
Composite Mean 3.23 Agree

The alternative fire extinguisher is much cheaper than the commercial fire

extinguisher was being consider as rank 1 and strongly agreeable by the respondents

with the weighted mean of 3.58. The materials used for the alternative fire extinguisher

is far cheaper than the commercial fire extinguisher. This was supported by Ed Lee, a

home single use fire extinguisher that can fight against type A, B, or C fire costs $15-$20

(Php758.10-Php1010.80) while the multi-use home and office fire extinguisher ranges

with the cost of $35-$75 (Php1769.25-Php3791.25). On the other hand, the last on the

ranking states that the alternative fire extinguisher has almost the same price to the

commercial fire extinguisher of the table 4 with a 2.4 weighted mean and disagree verbal

interpretation.
 30

Table 3.3
Differences between alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire
extinguisher in terms of its conveniency

Weighted Verbal Rank

Statement Mean Interpretation

1. The alternative fire extinguisher is 2

recommended for everyone. 3.18 Agree
2. The Alternative fire extinguisher has
a higher level of conveniency 2.8 Agree 3
compared to the commercial fire
extinguisher.
3. The alternative fire extinguisher is 3.18 Agree 1
easy to use because it does not
require any complicated steps.
4. The alternative fire extinguisher 2.56 Agree 5
terminates fire faster than the
commercial fire extinguisher.
5. The alternative fire extinguisher is 2.78 Agree 4
convenient as commercial fire
extinguisher.
Composite Mean 2.9 Agree

The statement the alternative fire extinguisher is recommended for everyone is on

the top of the line with a weighted mean of 3.18 and a verbal interpretation of agree. Thus

having an alternative fire extinguisher is well recommended because prevention of fires

will be implemented. However, the last of ranking states that the alternative fire

extinguisher terminates fire faster than the commercial fire extinguisher.

Martin et al. (2019) supported this by stating that fire extinguishers are pressure

devices that requires maintenance operations that will ensure its capability to function

during the disaster, this fact lessens the conveniency of the commercial fire extinguisher
 31

especially during fire emergency wherein the alternative fire extinguisher is more

convenient unlike the complicated one.

3. Significant difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and

alternative fire extinguisher for type A fires
Table 4
Significant difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and
alternative fire extinguisher for type A fires
F-Value Critical Value Decision Interpretation

There is a
significant
Significant Reject Null Difference
between
Difference 8.23 2.41 Hypothesis commercial
fire
extinguisher
and alternative
fire
extinguisher.

Table 6 reveals the difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and

alternative fire extinguisher. According to the data, the F-value of the significant

difference is 8.23 while the critical value is 2.41. This means that the F-Value is higher

than the critical value, hence rejecting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is a significant

difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and alternative fire extinguisher.

In connection with this, Martin, et al. (2019) stated that fire extinguishers requires

maintenance operations that will ensure its capability to function. A fire extinguishers

must be available depending on the surface area of the establishment. It is significant to

have a fire protection device to ensure the safety of an individual and reduce economic

destruction.
 32

With this, with the help of the statistical tool, the researchers manage to determine

the significant difference between the alternative fire extinguisher to the commercial fire

extinguisher.

4. Researchers Promotion for the Alternative Fire Extinguisher

All of the data are tallied and interpreted by the researchers to come up with a

conclusion. The data interpreted by the researchers proposed that the sodium

bicarbonate, detergent, and acetic acid as an alternative fire extinguisher can be used.

Based on the study, the alternative fire extinguisher is recommended for all especially

those who does not afford having a commercial fire extinguisher. The alternative fire

extinguisher cost less because the materials used are cheaper and is mostly found at

home. Meanwhile, the alternative fire extinguisher has low pressure when sprayed. On

the other hand, There is a significant difference between commercial fire extinguisher

and alternative fire extinguisher. Overall, this means that the alternative fire extinguisher

is better in terms of its contents, cost, and conveniency. With regards to this, the

researchers came up with a possible action plan that will promote the practice of using

the alternative fire extinguisher.

 33

Table 5
Action Plan
KEY OBJECTIVES PERFORMANCE TIMEABLE
STRATTIGIES INDICATOR
AND ACTIONS
Strategy 1: Providing seminars and orientations in the community.

1.1 Seminars To inform the

people in the
community about People in the Every summer and
the use of the community will Every March (Fire
bicarbonate, acetic have enough Prevention Month)
acid and detergent knowledge and
as alternative fire information with
extinguisher. regards to what will
be discussed in the
1.2 Orientations To encourage them seminar
to use the Every summer and
alternative fire Every March (Fire
extinguisher. Prevention Month)

Strategy 2: Releasing the information about the alternative fire extinguisher to inform
the community.
2.1 Through online To inform the
community about
the proposed Every summer and
alternative fire Every March (Fire
extinguisher Individuals Prevention Month)
through social concerned will have
medias such as easy access to the
Facebook, Twitter, information about
and YouTube the alternative fire
extinguisher that is
2.2 Flyers or To inform them vital knowledge to
Pamphlets about the several the individuals
information about Every summer and
the proposed Every March (Fire
alternative fire Prevention Month)
extinguisher and its
effectiveness
against fire.
 34

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations of

the study that were gathered from the results of the observations conducted by the

researchers.

Summary

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate,

dishwashing liquid and acetic acid as an alternative fire extinguisher for type A fires.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the alternative fire

extinguisher?

2. How does the alternative fire extinguisher differ from the commercial fire

extinguisher for type A fires in terms of:

a. Contents;

b. Price; and

c. Convenience?

3. Is there significant difference between the commercial fire extinguisher and

alternative fire extinguisher for type A fires?

4. Based on the findings, what action plan could be proposed to implement

the use of the alternative fire extinguisher?

 35

The study utilized the experimental research design in order to gather more data.

The researchers made use of data gathering instrument such as questionnaire. On

the other hand, the respondents of the study are fifty (50) fire fighters from different

stations in Batangas. To interpret the data collected, ranking and weighted mean were

the statistical tools used.

Findings

Based from the study conducted, several findings were derived. They are as

follows:

1. The advantages and disadvantages of using alternative fire extinguisher.

Based on the results, using an alternative fire extinguisher has its advantages and

disadvantages. It is agreed to be convenient, affordable and harmless as said by most

firefighters on the survey. On the other hand, it has its disadvantage such as having low

pressure, drains immediately and inability to terminate heavy fire.

2. The difference between alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire

extinguisher for type a fires in terms of:

2.1. Contents. Based on the results, the contents of an alternative fire

extinguisher are easier to have because it can be found at home. Also, it

has a harmless contents and has a great terminating effect.

2.2. Price. The alternative fire extinguisher is cheaper compared to the

commercial one because of its contents which can be found at home. Its

cost is more affordable for people in a low class state.

 36

2.3. Conveniency. The alternative fire extinguisher is easy to use because it

does not require any complicated steps. Also, it is recommended for

everyone.

3. Significant difference between alternative fire extinguisher and commercial

fire extinguisher for type A fires.

With the aim of identifying the Significant difference between alternative fire

extinguisher and commercial fire extinguisher for type A fires, the researchers

gathered the data from a thorough observation. Furthermore, the F-value of the

significant difference is 8.23 and the critical value is 2.41 which means that the F-

value is greater than the critical value. With this, the sample being tested falls

higher than critical areas, the null hypothesis should be rejected. It only means

there is a significant difference between alternative fire extinguisher and

commercial fire extinguisher for type A fires.

4. Actions that are being proposed to implement the use of the alternative fire

extinguisher.

Seminars and orientations about the alternative fire extinguisher are the proposed

action plan by the researchers to implement the use of the alternative fire

extinguisher. Also, Flyers or Pamphlets are to be distributed and posted online to

widely spread the information about sodium bicarbonate, detergent, and acetic

acid as an alternative fire extinguisher.

Conclusions

In accordance to the findings of the research study has provided, the following

conclusions were drawn out of the topic.

 37

1. The advantages of the alternative fire extinguisher is more affordable compared

to the commercial fire extinguisher and the disadvantages of using the alternative

fire extinguisher has low pressure when sprayed.

2. The difference between the alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire

extinguisher for type A fires in terms of:

2.1. The contents of fire extinguisher may be found at home.

2.2. The alternative fire extinguisher is much cheaper than the commercial fire

extinguisher.

2.3. The alternative fire extinguisher is easy to use because it does not require

complicated steps.

3. There is a significant difference between alternative fire extinguisher and the

commercial fire extinguisher for type A fires.

4. The activities proposed aim to inform and persuade the activities, to improve the

programs, and to fulfill the desired outcome regarding implementing the use of

alternative fire extinguisher.

Recommendations

From the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are being

offered related to this research study.

1. The alternative fire extinguisher will be used by the small establishments for their

facilities.

2. That the purpose of the product will be utilized to extinguish type A fire in case of

emergency.
 38

3. That the product will be introduced to different community because it is very

affordable and it will help them to save lives in case of emergencies.

4. Similar studies may be conducted by adding water for cheaper price and adding

pressure using air to improve distance.

5. The future researchers may conduct further studies to improve the effectiveness

of the product by adding more solutes and improving a better container.

6. The researchers highly recommend that the future researchers should expound

more on the idea of improvising an alternative fire extinguisher.

 39

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. BOOKS

De Guzman, F.R. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon City: Vibal

Group Inc.

Lanada, M.I.B. et al., 2016. Building Resilient Communities Disaster Readiness and Risk

Reduction. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Luna, E.M. 2016. Protecting Lives, Saving Communities. Quezon City. C & E Publishing,

Inc.

Parena Jr. J.S. 2016. Exploring Life through Science Series Disaster Readiness and Risk

Reduction. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Serapio, M.P.A. 2016. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Intramuros, Manila.

Mindshaper Co., Inc.

B. THESIS AND DISSERTATIONS

Aristo C.M.S. et al., 2018. Combining Vinegar and Baking Soda. Published Thesis.

Ragnar, H. (2017). Fire Extinguishing in Complex Facilities. Published Thesis.

Wang, S. (2018). Research on Environmental Impact of Water-Based Fire Extinguishing

Agent. Unpublished Thesis.

C. ONLINE SOURCES

Australian Government (2018). Fire Protection Industry Board. Retrieved from:

https://l.facebook.com/l.php0.
 40

Bromann, M. (2016). Fire Protection For Commercial Facilities. Retrieved from:

https://books.google.com.ph/bookslse

Chan, E. Y. et al. (2018). Risk Perception and Knowledge in Fire Risk Reduction in Dong

Minotory Rural Village in China: A Health-EDRM Education Intervention Study. Retrieved

from: https://scinapse.io/papers/2891436280

Fireline. 2017. The Importance of Fire Extinguishers. Retrieved from:

https://www.fireline.com/blog/importance-fire-extinguishers/

Glauberman, G. et al. 2018. Exploratory Qualitative Study of Fire Preparedness among

High Rise Residents. Retrieved from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6128701/

Hill, A. (2018). White vinegar: Ingredients, Uses and Benefits. Retrieved from:

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/white-vinegar

Kahila, J. 2017. Fire Disaster Prepared and Situational Analysis in Higher Learning

Institutions.

Retrievedfrom: https://www.researchgate.netFiredisasterpreparednessandsituationalan

alysis

Lee, E. (2019). Fire Extinguisher Cost. Retrieved from:

https://home.costhelper.com/fire-extinguishers.html

Lyman, D. (2018). Portable Fire Extinguisher. Chapter 5, Pages 23-26. Retrieved from:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128498897000054
 41

Maecham, B. et al. (2016). Environmental Impact of Fire. Article number 5. Retrieved

from: https://firesciencereviews.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40038-016-0014-1

Martin, R.G. 2019. SmartFire: Intelligent Platform for Monitoring Fire Extinguisher and

their Building Environment. Retrieve from: https://scinapse.io/papers/2946466261

Milke, J. PhD. 2019. The Effects of Fires on People, Properties, and the Environment.

Retrieved from: https://www.coursera.org/learn/fire-effect

Ochoa, C. (2017). Random Sampling: Simple Random Sampling. Retrieved from:

https://www.netquest.com/blog/en/random-sampling-simple-random-sampling

Raman, R. (2017). 23 Benefits and Uses for baking soda. Retrieved from:

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/baking-soda-benefits-usesE

Schroll, R.C. (2016). Industrial Fire Protection Handbook. Retrieved from:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?contents+of+fire+extinguisher&hl

Soon, L. (2016). The many uses of dishwashing liquid. Retrieved from:

https://biohomecares.com/discover-biohomekeeping/many-uses-dishwashing-liquid

Voelkert, J. (2015). Fire and Fire Extinguishment. Retrieved from: https://www.amerex-

fire.com/upl/downloads/educational-documents/fire-and-fire-extinguishment

Woodford, C (2019). Fire Extinguishers. Retrieved from:

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/fireextinguisher.html
 42

APPENDIX A

COVER LETTER

Dear respondents,
Good Day!
We are G12 students in the Practical Research II and currently writing a paper
entitled, "Sodium Bicarbonate, Dishwashing Liquid, and Acetic Acid: An Alternative
Fire Protection for Type A Fires"
Accordingly, we have prepared this survey questionnaire to gather the data we
need in our research.
The following items must be completed in full. We make sure your answer is
confidential. Thank you very much!

Researchers,

Andales, Alessandra

Borbon, Bryven Jyrone

Caringal, Rexine Anne

Casas, Mateus

Marquez, Glydel Lala

___________________ Saligao, Aeron Christian

Dr. Shiela A. Chavez
Research Adviser Tolentino, Christine Joy
 43

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name (Optional) _______________________________________

Direction: Kindly put a checkmark (√) on the box which corresponds to your answer about

the alternative fire extinguisher. Be guided on the given option with its equivalent verbal

interpretation.

Option Verbal Interpretation

4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

I. What are the advantages of having an alternative fire extinguishers?

4 3 2 1
1. It is easy and convenient to use.
2. It is more affordable.
3. It is a good substitute for commercial
fire extinguisher
4. It does not affect the environment
5. It is lighter than the commercial fire
extinguisher.

II. What are the disadvantages of the alternative fire extinguisher?

4 3 2 1
1. It cannot terminate heavy fires.
2. It consumes a short period of time to
be prepared.
3. It has low pressure when sprayed.
4. It drains immediately.
5. It has a stinky smell.
 44

III. Differences between the alternative fire extinguisher and commercial fire
extinguisher.

3.1 Contents 4 3 2 1
1. The Alternative Fire Extinguisher has
a harmless chemical content
compared to the commercial fire
extinguisher.
2. The contents of the alternative fire
extinguisher creates more efficient
terminating effect.
3. The contents of the alternative fire
extinguisher may be found at home.
4. The Alternative fire extinguisher
terminates fire faster than the
commercial fire extinguisher.
5. The alternative fire extinguisher is
almost the same to the commercial
fire extinguisher

3.2 Price 4 3 2 1
1. The alternative fire extinguisher is
much cheaper than the commercial
fire extinguisher.
2. The fire extinguishers has different
prices but has the same effects.
3. The cost of an alternative fire
extinguisher is affordable for people
in a low class state.
4. The cost of a commercial fire
extinguisher is nothing compared to
the safety it can provide.
5. The alternative fire extinguisher has
almost the same price to the
commercial fire extinguisher.
 45

3.3 Convenience 4 3 2 1
1. The alternative fire extinguisher is
recommended for everyone.
2. The Alternative fire extinguisher has
a higher level of conveniency
compared to the commercial fire
extinguisher.
3. The alternative fire extinguisher is
easy to use because it does not
require any complicated steps.
4. The alternative fire extinguisher
terminates fire faster than the
commercial fire extinguisher.
5. The alternative fire extinguisher is
convenient as commercial fire
extinguisher.
 46

APPENDIX C

DOCUMENTATION

Preparing the Materials needed

Combining the Acetic Acid and Dishwashing liquid

Preparing and putting the sodium bicarbonate in the bottle

 47

Produced alternative fire extinguisher

Testing the alternative fire extinguisher and distributing the questionnaire

 48

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Alessandra M. Andales
Age: 17 years old
Gender: Female
Status: Single
Birthdate: September 03, 2002
Birthplace: Wawa, Batangas City
Nationality: Filipino
Address: Brgy. Sirang Lupa, Batangas City
Email Address: Alessandra.andales@Gmail.com
Contact Number: 09063238361
Mother: Juvy Andales
Father: Ariel Andales
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: Sirang Lupa Elementary School
Brgy. Sirang Lupa, Batangas City
Junior High School: Golden Gate Colleges
P.Prieto St., Batangas City
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: BS Architecture
School: Batangas State University
 49

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Bryven Jyrone A. Borbon
Age: 17 years old
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Birthdate: August 23, 2002
Birthplace: Batangas Regional Hospital
Nationality: Filipino
Address: San Isidro, Batangas City
Email Address: borbonbryven@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09672970754
Mother: Lovelyn A. Borbon
Father: Byrone U. Borbon
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: San Isidro Elementary School
San Isidro, Batangas City
Junior High School: Carmel School of Batangas
Potenciana Village Pallocan West Batangas
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: Aircraft Maintenance Engineering
School: Philippine State College of Aeronautics
 50

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Rexine Anne L. Caringal
Age: 18 years old
Gender: Female
Status: Single
Birthdate: February 05, 2002
Birthplace: Golden Gate General Hospital
Nationality: Filipino
Address: Brgy. As-is Bauan, Batangas
Email Address: rexineannecaringal@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09386661774
Mother: Regina L. Caringal
Father: Anatalio R. Caringal
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: Sta. Teresa College
Kapitan Ponso St. Poblacion 2 Bauan Batangas
Junior High School: Sta. Teresa College
Kapitan Ponso St. Poblacion 2 Bauan Batangas
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: Computer Engineering
School: Batangas State University
 51

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Mateus N. Casas
Age: 18 years old
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Birthdate: August 05, 2001
Birthplace: Tinga Labac Batangas City
Nationality: Filipino
Address: Tinga Labac Batangas City
Email Address: casasmateus0@gmail.com
Contact Number: 0454611818
Mother: Nellie G. Nullas
Father: Generoso A. Casas
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: Alangilan Central Elementary School
Alangilan Batangas City
Junior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: Instrumentation and Control Engineering
School: Batangas State University
 52

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Glydel Lala S. Marquez
Age: 17 years old
Gender: Female
Status: Single
Birthdate: May 17, 2002
Birthplace: San Felipe, Padre Garcia Batangas
Nationality: Filipino
Address: San Felipe, Padre Garcia Batangas
Email Address: glydellala@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09297581944
Mother: Gregoria Marquez
Father: Severino Rodel Marquez
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: San Felipe Elementary School
San Felipe, Padre Garcia Batangas
Junior High School: Holy Family Academy
Banaba, Padre Garcia Batangas
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: Industrial Engineering
School: Batangas State University
 53

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Aeron Christian M. Saligao
Age: 17 years old
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Birthdate: December 27, 2001
Birthplace: Batangas City
Nationality: Filipino
Address: Delas Alas Drive Batangas City
Email Address: acsaligao@yahoo.com
Contact Number: N/A
Mother: Ethel M. Saligao
Father: Ranato M. Saligao
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: University of Batangas
P. Burgos St. Batangas City
Junior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: Aeronautical Engineering
School: Philippine State College of Aeronautics
 54

CURRICULUM VITAE
_____________________________________________________________________
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Christine Joy V. Tolentino
Age: 18 years old
Gender: Female
Status: Single
Birthdate: December 29, 2001
Birthplace: Pasay City, Gentlehands Clinic
Nationality: Filipino
Address: Padre Castillo, San Pascual Batangas
Email Address: Christinetolentino4@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09196325947
Mother: Annalyn Volante
Father: Ricardo Tolentino
_____________________________________________________________________
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary: Padre Castillo Elementary School
Padre Castillo San Pascual Batangas
Junior High School: Bayanan National High School
Bayanan San Pascual Batangas
Senior High School: University of Batangas
Hilltop Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
_____________________________________________________________________
III. COLLEGE PREFERENCES
Course: Electronics Engineering
School: Batangas State University