Solubility Product Hydrolysis of salts Acids and Base

+ (KSP)

Salts of strong base and strong acid Acids: Liberates H2 on reacting with metals


 cC + dD
aA  neutral solution and does not undergo hy- Turns blue litumus into red
drolysis. eg. naCl, KCl Base: Taste bitter and feel soapy
K sp = [C] c [D] d Salt of weak base and Strong Acid
Turns red litmus into blue
Ionic product Kw H 1
of water Kh = ; p = [pK 2 − pK b − log c]
Kb 2
Salt of weak Acid and weak base Acidic ⇒ [H 3 O + ] > [OH− ]

 + −
 H 3 O + OH
2H 2 O 
Kw 1 Basic ⇒ [H 3 O + ] < [OH− ]
Kh = ; p H = [pK w − pK a − pK b ]
K w = [H 3 O + ][OH− ] = 1 × 10−14 M 2 Ka × Kb 2 Neutral ⇒ [H 3 O + ] = [OH− ]
∴ [OH− ] = [H+ ] = 10−7 M @ 298 K

B
pK w = pK a + pK b = 14

UILI RI
Q
Factor's of reaction

UM
Ostwald's Dilution Law
Le Chatlier's Principle

E
Effect of concentration change
Applicable for weak K electrlytes concentration →, equilibrium shift
Direction of
K  forward.
∴ K c = Cα 2 or α =  c  reaction
 C  Effect of pressure change equilibrium
So, α =
1
orα ∝ v Qc < Kc will shift in the direction having
smaller number of moles.
c Reaction goes
Where V is the volume of solution Effect of temperature change
from left to right
at infinite dilution For exothermic → low temperature
Qc < Kc favors formation of reactants.
Reaction goes from For Endothermic → High temperature
right to left favors formation of products.
Qc = Kc Effect of inert gas → No change
Law of chemical Equilibrium No net reaction Effect of catalyst → No change
occurs
Equilibrium Law
Relation between equilibrium


aA + bB 
cC + dD constant ckp + kc Definition

[C] C [D] d
Kc = a 6
K p = K c (RT)∆ng Equilibrium set up in a
physical process like
[A] [B] Chemical reaction reach a
evaporation of water
state of dynamic equilibrium etc.
Here Kc is equilibrium constant
in which the rate of forward 

(s)
 (l) Chemical
reaction and reaction are


(l) 
 (g)
same and there is no net


(g)
 (s) Equilibrium attained in
PH Concept charge in composition
a chemical reaction
Gibb's energy


3H 2 + N 2 
 2NH 3
∆G = RT ln K p H = − log[H+ ] Homogeneous Hetrogeneous
∆G = -ve, spontaneous reaction H + Possible only in a closed
p = − log[H 3 O ]
Reaction proceeds forward. system.
∆G = +ve, Non spontaneous 1 Reactant and product Reactant and
for weak acid → p H = (C K − log c) are in same phase product are in Both reaction occur at
reation 2 p a different phase same rate
Reaction proceeds backward
All measurable property
∆G = zero, equilibrium achieved remains constant

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/neetplus