ASSIGNMENT 4

CHAPTER 2: PHRASES & THEIR FUNCTIONS

I. Identify the FORMS, POSITIONS, and FUNCTIONS for the following italicized phrases, or
clauses.
SENTENCES FORMS POSITIONS FUNCTIONS
1. The text chosen by the instructor was up to date. Past Adjectival noun-modifier
participle
phrase
2. Jenny admired the chip shot performed by Nicklaus. Past Adjectival noun-modifier
participle (chip shot)
phrase
3. Sue objected to taking the test over. -ing Nominal Direct Object
Participle
Phrase
4. The girl taking the test over was Sue. -ing Adjectival Modifier
Participle
Phrase
5. Karl open his book bag to look for his term paper. Infinitive Adverbial Verb modifier
Phrase
6. The desire to finish his term paper kept nagging at Infinitive Adjectival Noun modifier
Karl. Phrase
7. His desire was to finish his term paper early. Infinitive Nominal Subject of
Phrase complement
8. The coach, having diagrammed the play, waited for -ing Adjectival Noun-modifier
questions. Participle
Phrase
9. She danced keeping her eyes closed. -ing Adverbial Adjunct of
Participle manner
Phrase
10. Open your eyes when you hear the bell. Clause Adverbial Adjunct
adverbial

II. Make the tree diagrams for the following underlined phrases.
e.g. You have been drinking some cold water.
 mod aux prog. Au lex.V post-det Aj NH

V:VP O:NP

1. You would n't have been caught

Mod.aux neg. Perf. aux pass.aux lex.V

V:VP
2. He can't have been being executed

Mod aux neg perf.aux prog.aux pass.aux lex.V

V:VP
Be: passive + past participle
Progressive + present participle
3. I haven't finished
4. It has been being heated
6. The girl quickly made her way to the post office.
7. An old man drove rapidly his car to the doctor's office.
8. He became a captain when the promotions were announced.
9. She’s got a very beautiful watch.
 THE END & GOOD LUCK!

1. You wouldn't have been caught

Mod neg. perf. Pass. Lex.

Aux. Aux. Aux. V

VP

6. quickly made her way to the post office

det CdH
AvH lex.V det NH prep NP
A:AvP V:VP O:NP A:PP
7. drove rapidly his car to the doctor's office

Det NH gen
NP Det NH

Lex.V AvH det NH prep NP

V:VP A:AvP O:NP A:PP

8. became a captain when the promotions were announced

Lex.V det NH AvH det NH pass. Aux lex.V

A:AvP S:NP V:VP

V:VP C :NP A:AvCl

9. a very beautiful watch

Deg.Av AjH
det AjP NH

NP
Chapter 1: Positional Classes
N-al: S, O, C
V-al: V
Aj-al: pre-N-al mod; post N-al mod, SC
Av-al: sentence mod, A (verbal mod)
Chapter 2: Phrases and Functions
NP: S, O, C, A
VP: V
[The school] [is] [closed to my house].
S:NP V:VP C:AjP
Verbs
1. Mono transitive V + DO
[He] [wants] [to do sth].
V O
S:NP V:VP O:InfP
2. Di-transitive V + IO + DO
I gave him a sandwich to eat.
3. Complex transitive V + DO + OC
He made me happy.
4. Intransitive V + (A)
5. Linking V + SC
Am I not good enough for you?
I’m not good enough for you.