HANOI UNIVERSITY

ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES DEPARTMENT

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THE CONSEQUENCES OF TEENAGE

ABORTION.

Students: Nguyễn Ngọc Trâm

Trịnh Hoài Anh
Lecturer: Nguyen Thi Minh Hang
Class: 2Q23-ACN
Course: Research Writing
Date: March 8, 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

ABSTRACT
1: Introduction
2: Discussion of findings
2.1:Having negative impacts on physical health. .
2.2. Having emotional distress.
2.3.Having impact on the infertility rate.
3. Recommendation
4. Conclusion .
REFERENCES.
 ABTRACT

Abortion is a serious problem which deeply impact on women’s health as well as the
development of society. Particularly, abortion in adolescents lead to serious dangers on the
ground that this age group is easily temted when thay do not have clear awareness of
protecting themselves. This paper, based on secondary researches, discussed the
consequences of abortion among adolescents, three areas that are higher risks of mortality,
emotional distress, and the negative impact on economy are explored. The findings of the
research indicate that the consequences of abortion among adolescents are very dangerous,
therefore, is a reminder of the dangerous status quo unfolding as the number of abortions
increases because of the younger generation's more open views. Finally, the paper draws the
conclusion that we can take actions by increasing the sharing of parents and raising
awareness of adolescents

1.Introduction

The issue of abortion among teenagers remains a complex and contentious topic that
intertwines with societal, ethical, and political dimentions. Abortion is medically defined as
the term forending pregnancy by removing or eradicating the embryo or fetus from the uterus
before the due date. In human and other species, an abortion can occur spontaneously because
of complications during pregnancy, or caused intentionally (wiki). Acording to 2020 report,
the statistics of the World Health Organization estimates that every year, around 73 million
induced abortions occur around the world. Six out of ten (61%) unplanned prenancies, and
there out of ten (29%) all pregnancies, result in an induced aboriton. Specifically, basing on
the figure in 2021, acording to the Guttmacher Institute, which is reputable source for
abortion- related research, approximately 12% of all abortion worldwide are estimated to be
performed on adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. It has been enormous differences within region
such as social and cutural factors, sexual education, contraception and healthcare impacting
actively on the proportion of abortion, basing on the annual report of the World Health
Organization (WHO) , it works out that Africa had a higher rate in abortion than Euro
countries, 97 per 1000 compared to 13.1 per 1000 adolescent girls in 2022. According to
some statistics, the abortion tend to increase, specifically Daniel Goodkind wrote :
“Pregnancy terminations rose from 70,281 to 811,176 between 1976 and 1987—a more than
tenfold rise. This rise coincides with a major crisis in Vietnam's public health care system. In
the Red River Delta province, which is located directly to the south of Hanoi, we polled 2,088
women who were having abortions in Thai Binh and Hanoi. Of the women surveyed, around
half had had at least one abortion. In Hanoi and Thai Binh, between 26% and 50% of women
do not utilize any form Vietnamese birth control.”Additionally, it is clearly seen that the
decision to undergo an abortion is influenced by financial instability, inadequate support
systems so vice verse how abortion effect on society will be comprehehavingand moreover,
whether accidental or intentional, pregnancy at this age has brought many serious
consequences when the mother’s physical and mental structures have not been fully
developed, we also point out the consequences of abortion among adolescents in term of
physical health of pregnants.

2.Discussion of findings

2.1.Having negative impacts on physical health.

Adolescent abortion, almost everyone has consequences, both psychological and

mental.. According to Dr. Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai “Abortion also causes genital tract damage,
inflammation, and infertility. The higher the abortion rate, the higher the rate of complications
due to abortion. These risks for unmarried young people are even more serious.". Dr. Vu Ba
Quyet also shared with the communist party newspaper: “ Abortion, especially teenage
abortion, can easily lead to complications such as bleeding and chronic infections in the
uterus, ovaries, hemorrhage, uterine perforation, retained placenta, fetus, and infection
bacteria. In some cases, the consequences are more serious than fallopian tube blockage or
uterine adhesions, causing many people to lose their motherhood later on even
cause death. Or if you give birth, you may encounter problems such as: premature
birth, maternal death, infant death, or the babies born may have birth defects,
malnutrition, and mental retardation. In addition, the unwanted birth of a child by a
minor also causes deep, long-lasting mental harm to themselves”. Moreover,

Secondary infertility due to damage to the uterine cavity, uterine adhesions,

obstruction of the fallopian tubes, and tubal fluid retention. This leaves the future
marriage unlikely to have a natural pregnancy, the rate of infertility is 3-4 times higher
for those who do not have a history of abortion. The rate of infertility due to uterine
adhesions accounts for about 5% of infertility cases, of which 95% are after abortion.

The rate of miscarriage when wanting to have a baby is also higher than in the group
without a history of curettage, due to cervical damage” Dr.Dao Van Thu

mentioned. Additionally, “An estimated 529,000 maternal fatalities take place worldwide

each year.. The Guttmacher Institute estimates that there are 210 million pregnancies
worldwide. In 1999, 22% of all abortions performed globally resulted in reproductive tract
infections for 20–30% of unsafe abortions, and 5% of those abortions led to chronic
infections. Infertility results in 20–40% of case” ( from Jessica D. Gipson, Michael A. Koenig
and Michelle J. Hindin )

2.2 Having emotional distress

Psychologically, in many cases of abortion - especially those that are emotionally deceived,
the woman is very easy to fall into depression, because she cannot share with anyone.
Additionally, the feeling of guilty and complexity have made it impossible for the girl to
integrate into life with her peers when she returned to school. A survey of mental disorders
among adolescent girls showed that they had compulsive thoughts, suicidal thoughts before
abortion, antisocial thoughts, personality disorders, and addictions that were more common in
this group of children. For instance, some reports in Finland from 1987 to 2012 show that
after induced abortions, the suicide rate increased by 30% among teenagers (to 25/100,000),
stagnated for women aged 20 - 24 (at 32/100,000), but decreased by 43% (to 21/100,000) for
women aged 25 - 49.

2.3. Having impact on the infertility rate

Abortion among adolescents can contribute to a decline in population growth. Abortion can
cause damage to the uterine chambers leading to adhesion of the uterine ovaries, obstruction
of the fallopian tubes, tubal fluid retention. For people who have an abortion before marriage,
later on, the likelihood of a natural pregnancy is also lower. The recorded rate of secondary
infertility is 3-4 times higher for people without a history of abortion. According to many
studies, the infertility rate due to uterine adhesions accounts for about 5% of infertility cases,
of which, 95% are after abortion. Infertility due to tubal obstruction or tubal fluid retention
accounts for up to 40% of female infertility, of which up to 50% have a history of abortion.
The rate of miscarriage when wanting to have a child is also higher than the group without a
history of aspiration, due to cervical damage, especially when the uterus is not fully
developed for adolescent pregnancy. In some societies, particularly those with aging
populations and low birth rates, a decrease in the number of births can strain social support
systems, such as health care and pension systems, leading to economic and social challenges

3. Recommendations

Lack of knowledge about reproductive health along with a liberal concept of sexual
intercourse and do not have safe contraceptive methods have led to the consequences of many
girls getting pregnant while still in school. Realizing that it is extremely urgent to propagate
and organize extracurricular activities to advise and promptly prevent abortion and unhealthy
premarital sex, many schools across the country cooperate with each other to organize
extracurricular activities to improve cognitive abilities for adolescent students. For instance,
Youth Magazine has just coordinated with the DKT Organization in Vietnam and Vinh
Long Provincial Youth Union to organize a reproductive health communication program for
students with the theme "Student Journey - OK", at the University of Technical Education in
Vinh Long . The Organizing Committee distributed free condoms and contraceptive pills to
students and people andexperts provide instructions on how to safely use condoms and birth
control pills to limit abortion and sexually transmitted diseases, this dispenser has created
positive changes among students has also contributed to significantly reducing abortions in
recent years. Or in the past, campaigns of this type were also deployed in Vietnam, like in
October of the year 2015 in Vietnam, specifically Duy Tan University In Da Nang, a group of
young people, started making a machine that distributed free condoms located in Doan Hai
Chau district (180 Hoang Dieu, Da Nang). Team leader Nguyen Cong Tin said that the idea of
​inventing a condom dispenser originated from the fact that many young people are afraid to
buy them, leading to many consequences such as abortion, sexually transmitted diseases....
After more than a week of pilot installation of a free condom dispenser in Da Nang, the
machine has sold over 200 units. This was a very valuable and convenient initiative, easy to
use and helped eliminate shyness for people. Tin excitedly shared. "If the test model is
successful, we hope the government and companies will invest in producing more to serve
people in need." with the usefulness of this project. The group successfully manufactured 4
machines and applied for installation in other public areas in Da Nang city.Consumed
thousands of products and has clearly effective in preventing peoplepe with unexpected
pregnancy.

4.Conclusion

The study concludes by highlighting the possible hazards of teenage abortion, which have an
impact on numerous facets of health. Beyond the immediate medical procedures, there are
also effects on their social, emotional, and physical well-being. While abortion may be a
means of ending an unwanted pregnancy, it can also lead to moral dilemmas, damaged
relationships, and long-term psychological effects. In order to help youth make informed
decisions regarding their reproductive health, society must ensure that they have access to
healthcare, strong support systems, and education
 REFERENCES
Abortion ( 2021) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abortion [online]

Adolescent pregnancy (2023)

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy [online]

Anh Tho (2022). Consequences of tenage abortion

https://www.ksbtdanang.vn/chuyen-mon/suc-khoe-sinh-san/hau-qua-cua-viec-nao-pha-thai-tr
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l

Gissler M. et al. Scand J Public Health (2015). Decreased suicide rate after induced abortion,
after the Current Care Guidelines in Finland 1987-2012.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25420710/ [online]
Goodkind D. (1994). Abortion in Vietnam: Measurements, Puzzles, and Concerns.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2137878
Jessica D. Gipson, Michael A. Koenig and Michelle J. Hindin. The Effects of Unintended
Pregnancy on Infant, Child, and Parental Health: A Review of the Literature (2008)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20454434

Wikipedia. Abortion https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion [online]