ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70

HALOALKANES & HALOARENES Polar solvents stabilize the carbocation formed by

ONE MARKS QUEESTIONS: salvation.

12. What is Optical activity?
1. Write the IUPAC name of (CH3)3CCl
The chiral compounds which rotate plane
2-chloro-2-methylpropane
polarized light either clockwise or anticlockwise
2. Give an example for geminal dihalide.
when passing through their solution is called
CH3-CH2-CHCl2
optical activity.
3. Give the IUPAC name of CH2=CH−Cl [M-15]
13. What is recemic mixture? [M-19; J-19]
1-Chloroethene
Equimolar mixture of two enantiomers is a called
4. Give IUPAC name of
Recemic mixture.
2-bromo-2-pentene
14. Define enantiomers. [J-15]
5. Give IUPAC name of [J-16]
The stereo isomers which are non-superimposible
2-Chlorotoulene
mirror image are called enantiomers.
6. Write a general equation for the preparation of
15. P-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point
alkyl halide from alcohol? [M-14; J-16]
than those of ortho and meta isomers. Give
R − OH + SOCl2 → R − Cl + SO2 + HCl
reason. [J-16]
7. Write the general equation of ethyl chloride on
Due to symmetric of para isomers.
heating with AgCN forms a compound?
16. Define asymmetric carbon. [M-17]
[M-20; J-15]
CH3 − CH2 − Cl + AgCN → CH3 − CH2 − NC + AgCl
The carbon atom which is attached to four

Ethyl isocyanide different atoms or groups is called asymmetric

8. Name the reagent that brings about the (or) chiral carbon.
conversion of benzene diazonium chloride to 17. Define chirality. [M-16]
iodobenzene. The objects which are non-superimposible on
KI their mirror image are said to be chiral and
9. Arrange the following alkyl halides in the property known as chirality.
decreasing order of boiling point RF, RCl, RBr 18. What is recimisation?
and RI. The process of conversion of enantiomers into a
RI > RBr > RCl > RF recemic mixture is called as recimisation.
10. Why the solubility of Haloalkanes in water is 19. A recemic mixture is optically inactive. Why?
[M-20]
very low although they are polar in nature?
Rotation of an enantiomers cancelled by another
They cannot form H-Bond in water.
one.
11. How do polar solvents help in the first step of
20. What is the major product formed in the
SN1 mechanism?
following reaction: RX + NaOR1 →

27 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
RX + NaOR1 → ROR1 + NaX CH2=CH-CH2-Cl
21. Which one of the following is more reactive 29. How do you prepare Grignard reagent?
[M-16; J-14]
towards SN2 reaction?
Alkyl halides react with magnesium metal in
1) CH3Br, (CH3)2CHBr, (CH3)3CBr
presence of dry ether form Grignard reagent.
CH3Br because order of reactivity towards is Dry ether
R − X + Mg → RMgX
10 > 20 > 30.
30. What is the product obtained when tertiary
2) O𝐇 − , (CH3)3CBr, CH3Br
butyl bromide is heated with alcoholic KOH
CH3Br
solution?
3) C2H5Br, C2H5I, C2H5Cl
2−methylprop−1−ene
C2H5I
31. What is Grignard reagent?
22. Which one has higher boiling point in 1-
Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides are called
bromobutane and 2-bromo butane?
1
Grignard reagent.
Boiling point ∝ No.of brances
32. What is the major product formed when
1-bromobutane
23. Write the IUPAC name of the first member of chlorobenzene is treated with acetyl chloride

optically active chloroalkane? and anhydrous AlCl3?

2-Chlorobutane
24. A Haloalkanes when boiled with aqueous KOH
gives alcohol having inverted configuration.
Name the mechanism involved in this reaction. 33. What is the hybridization of ‘C’ in aryl halides?
SN2 mechanism sp2 [J-18]
25. When an optically active Haloalkanes boiled 34. Complete the equation:
with aqueous KOH gives recemic mixture of a) RMgX + H2O →
alcohol. Name the mechanism involved in this RMgX + H2O → RH + Mg(OH)X
reaction. b) CH3CH2Br + KCN(alc) →
SN1 mechanism CH3CH2Br + KCN(alc) → CH3CH2CN + KBr
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐱𝐢𝐝𝐞
26. Why are allylic and benzyl halides highly c) CH3−CH=CH2 + HBr →
reactive towards SN1 reaction? Peroxide
CH3−CH=CH2 + HBr → CH3−CH2−CH2−Br
Due to conjugation
35. Name the product formed for the reaction of
27. What is Freons? [J-14]
isopropyl iodide on alcoholic KOH. [M-19]
The Chlorofluoro compounds of methane and Propane
ethane are known as Ferons. 36. What is the product formed when CHCl3 is
28. Out of CH2=CH-CH2-Cl and CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl exposed in air?
CoCl2(Carbonyl chloride)
which is more reactive towards SN1 reaction?
28 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc
 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
37. Mention the product formed when 2 molecules
of isopropyl chloride is treated with metallic
sodium in dry ether. 6. Arrange the following Haloalkanes in the
Dry ether increasing order of reactivity. Give reason.
(CH3)2CH-Cl + Na + Cl-CH(CH3)2 → (CH3)2CH−CH(CH3)2

Two Marks Questions: Chlorobenzene < Bromobenzene < Iodobenzene

Due to decrease of bond dissociation energy of
1. What is Swarts reaction? Give example.
C−X in the same order.
[M-14, 18; J-16]
7. Why aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl
Alkyl chloride or bromide reacts with metallic
halides towards nucleophillic substitution
fluoride form alkyl fluoride.
reactions? Give reasons. [M-14, 17; J-17]
Due to resonance and instability of phenyl
2. What is Finkelstein reaction? Give example. carbocation.
[J-14, 15, 18] 8. Explain Sandmeyer’s reaction?
Alkyl chloride or bromide reacts with sodium Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with CuCl/HCl
iodide form alkyl iodide. or CuBr/HBr form chlorobenzene or
bromobenzene.

3. What is Wurtz reaction? Give one example.

[M-19]
Alkyl halide reacts with sodium metal in presence
of dry ether form alkane.

9. What is Grignard reagent? How it is prepared?

4. What is Wurtz-Fitting reaction? Give one
Alkyl or aryl magnesium halide is called Grignard
example. [M-16; J-18]
reagent.
Alkyl halide and aryl halide reacts with sodium
It is formed by the reaction of alkyl halide and
metal in presence of dry ether form alkyl arene.
magnesium metal in the presence of dry ether.
Dry ether
CH3−Br + Mg → CH3MgX
Three Marks Questions:
5. What is fitting reaction? Give example.
1. Explain SN1 mechanism with an example?
[M-14, 15, 17, 18]
[M-14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20; J-14, 17, 18, 19]
Aryl halides react with sodium metal in presence
Rate ∝ [R − X]
of dry ether form biphenyl.
t-butyl bromide reacts with aqueous potassium
hydroxide to form t-butyl alcohol.
29 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc
 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70

ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS & ETHERS

ONE MARKS QUESTIONS:
1. Write IUPAC name of
Mechanism: KOH → K + + OH − Butan-1,2-diol
Step-I: Formation of carbocation. 2. Write the structure of 2, 3-diethylphenol?

3. Give IUPAC name of CH3−CH(OH)−CH3.

Step-II: Attacking of Nucleophile
2-Propanol
4. Give IUPAC name of C6H5−O−CH3.
Methoxy benzene
5. Write IUPAC name of picric acid?
2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol
2. Explain SN2 mechanism with an example?
6. Alcohols are soluble in water. Why?
[M-17; J-15, 16]
Due to formation of hydrogen bond with water.
Rate ∝ [R − X][Nu] 7. Alcohols have high boiling point than ether.
Methyl bromide reacts with aqueous potassium Why?
Due to formation of hydrogen bond by alcohols.
hydroxide to form methyl alcohol.
8. Ethanol and Methoxy methane have same
CH3 – Br + KOH → CH3 – OH + KBr molar mass, but ethanol has higher B.P than
Mechanism: KOH→ K + + OH − Methoxy methane. Give reason.
The Nucleophile OH − attacks on methyl bromide Due to formation of intermolecular hydrogen
bond by ethanol.
from the backside form transition state finally
9. Arrange the 30, 20, 10 alcohols in
form methyl alcohol by leaving bromide ion.
a) Decreasing order of acidic strength.
30 > 20 > 10
b) Relative order of ease of dehydration.
10 > 20 > 30
10. Which of the following is an allyl alcohol?
CH2=CH-CH2-OH,CH2=CH-OH,CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH
CH2=CH-CH2-OH
11. Arrange the following in the increasing order
of acidic strength.
CH3CH2OH, CH3CH(OH)CH3, (CH3)3COH
CH3CH2OH < CH3CH(OH)CH3 < (CH3)3COH
(10) (20) (30)

12. Name the oxidizing agent used in

hydroboration oxidation reaction?

30 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
Hydrogen peroxide in pre sence of aqueous NaOH. 25. Which alcohol is known as wood spirit?
13. What is the effect of electron donating group Methyl alcohol
on acidity of alcohols? [J-14] 26. What is denaturated spirit?
Electron donating or realizing group decreases the Ethyl alcohol contains 5-10% methanol is called
acidity of alcohols. denaturated spirit.
14. Write the equation for the conversion of 27. Consumption of which alcohol causes
Ethanal into propan-2-ol using Grignard blindness?
reagent? Methanol
CH3 MgBr 28. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo dehydration.
CH3-CHO → + Mg(OH)Br Why?
H2 O
Due to absence of tertiary hydrogen atom.
15. How do you convert propene into propan-2-ol?
H+
29. Name the enzyme involved in the following
CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O → CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 reaction. C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
16. What is composition of Lucas reagent? Zymase
Anhydrous ZnCl2 + Con.HCl 30. What is P in the following reaction?
17. What is the chemical name of cumene? ∆
C6H5−O−R + P → C6H5OH + RX
Isopropylbenzene
HX
18. What is common name of Phenol?
31. Complete the following reactions:
Carbolic acid.
1) CH3Br + AgF → _____ + AgBr
19. What is the effect of electron withdrawing
group on acidity of alcohols? [J-14] CH3Br + AgF → CH3F + AgBr
Electron withdrawing group increases the acidity 2)
of alcohols.
20. Write the equation for the conversion of
ethanol to chloroethane.
C2H5OH + PCl5 → C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl
21. Name the transition metal which is used as
dehydrating agent.
Copper or silver
𝐀𝐧𝐡𝐲.𝐀𝐥𝐂𝐥𝟑
22. Which type alcohols do not give turbidity at 3) C6H5Cl + CH3Cl → ______ + HCl
room temperature when treated with Lucas Anhy.AlCl3
reagent? C6H5Cl + CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl
10-alcohol 4) C2H5−O−C2H5 + HI(Cold) →
23. Name the IUPAC name of the organic product
C2H5−O−C2H5 + HI(Cold) → C2H5I + C2H5OH
obtained if t-butyl alcohol is heated with
copper at 573K. 5) C2H5−O−CH3 + HI →
C2H5−O−CH3 + HI → CH3I + C2H5OH
6) C2H5−O−C2H5 + HI(Hot) →
C2H5−O−C2H5 + HI(Hot) → 2C2H5I + H2O
2-methyl-1-propene
7) C6H5−O−C2H5 + HI(Hot) →
24. Mention the reagent used to prepare benzene
form phenol. C6H5−O−CH3 + HI → C6H5OH + CH3I
Zinc

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 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
Two Marks Questions: Phenol undergoes reduction with zinc dust form
benzene.
1. Explain Williamson’s ether synthesis with
example. [M-14,15, 19; J-14, 15, 16, 19]
Alkyl halide reacts with sodium alkoxide to form
ether
R − X + R − O − Na → R − O − R + NaX
Eg: Ethyl chloride reacts with sodium ethoxide to 6. What happen when phenol reacts with
form diethyl ether. chromic acid? [M-15]
C2 H5 − Cl + Na − O − C2 H5 Phenol undergoes oxidation in presence of
Ethyl chloride Sodium ethoxide chromic acid form benzoquinone.
→ C2 H5 − O − C2 H5 + NaCl
diethyl ether
2. Explain Kolbe’s reaction with example.
[M-16, 17, 19; J-14, 15, 17]
Phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide form
sodium phenoxide. It is treated with carbon
dioxide followed by acidification to form salicylic 7. Explain esterification reaction with example.
acid. [M-19]
Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohols in presence of
con.H2SO4 form an ester.

8. How is aniline converted into phenol? Write

3. Explain Reimer-Tiemann reaction with
the equation. [M-20]
example. [J-16, 17]
0
Aniline reacts with nitrous acid at 0-5 C form
Phenol reacts with chloroform in presence of
benzene dizonium chloride followed by hydrolysis
NaOH to form salicyaldehyde.
with warm water to form phenol.

4. Write Friedal-Craft methylation of anisole.

9. Among alcohols and phenols which one is
[M-20; J-15]
more acidic? Why? [M-16, 18; J-19]
Anisole reacts with methyl chloride in presence of
Phenol more acidic than alcohol due to formation
anhydrous AlCl3 to form mixture of 2-methoxy
of phenoxide ion and it is more stabilized by
toluene and 4-methoxy toluene.
resonance.
10. Give the meaning of the following terms.
(a) Rectified spirit (b) Absolute spirit
(a) Rectified sprit: The mixture of 95.5% of ethyl
alcohol and 4.5% of water is called rectified
spirit.
(b) Absolute spirit: 100% of ethanol called
5. How phenol reacts with zinc dust? [M-14] absolute alcohol.

32 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
Three Marks Questions: The mixture of Con.HCl and Anhydrous ZnCl2 is
1. Write the mechanism of dehydration of called Lucas reagent.
ethanol to ethene.
[M-15, 17, 18, 19, 20; J-17, 18, 19]
Ethanol heated with con.H2SO4 at 433K – 443K of
temperature form ethene.
conH2 SO4
CH3 − CH2 − OH → CH2 = CH2 4. How phenol does react with nitric acid and
Ethanol Ethene
bromine water? [M-18;J-15,18,19]
Mechanism: H2SO4 → H + + HSO−
4
Step-I: Attacking of proton

Step-II: Formation of carbocation

Step-III: Removal of proton

5. How is phenol manufactured by cumene
process? [M-14, 16]
Cumene is oxidized with air at 1300C to form
cumene hydroperoxide later heated with dilute
2. Write the mechanism of hydration of ethane to sulphuric acid at 1000C to form phenol.
yield ethanol.
Ethene reacts with water in presence of acid form
ethanol.
H+
CH2 = CH2 + H2 O → CH3 − CH2 − OH
Ethene Ethanol
Mechanism:
6. Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with
Step-I: Protonation of ethene to form carbocation.
CH2 = CH2 + H + → CH3 − CH2 methoxymethane.
Step-II: Nucleophile of water attack on Step-I: Formation of oxonium ion
carbocation. H
CH3 − O − CH3 + HI ⇋ CH3 − O − CH3 + I −

Step-II: Formation of products

H H
Step-III: - Removal of proton. −
CH3 − O − CH3 + I → I---CH3 ---O−CH3

→ CH3 I + CH3 OH
Methyl iodide Methyl alcohol
3. What is Lucas reagent? How do you distinguish
10, 20, 30 alcohols using Lucas reagent?
[M-14, 16; J-16]

33 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70

ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND 40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde is called

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS formalin.
15. What is Fehling’s solution?
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS:
Alkaline copper sulphate solution containing
1. Give the IUPAC name of C6H5−CH=CH−CHO
sodium potassium tartarate is called Fehling
3−phenylprop-2-en-1-al
solution.
2. Give the IUPAC name of
16. Ethanal undergoes aldol condensation. Give
3-methylcyclohexan-1-one
reason. [M-18]
3. Give the IUPAC name of CH3CHO. [M-17; J-14]
Due to presence of ∝ −hydrogen atom.
Ethanal
17. Pentan-3-one does not undergo iodoform
4. Give the IUPAC name of CH2=CH−CHO. [J-17]
reaction. Give reason.
Prop-2-enal
It is not a methyl Ketone
5. Give the IUPAC name of CH3COCH2CH2CH3.[J-18]
18. Give reason: Aldehydes are more reactive than
2-Pentanone
ketones.
6. Give IUPAC name of
Due to presence of hydrogen atom in aldehyde but
(a) HOOC−COOH (b) CH3CH2COOH
not in Ketones.
(c) CH2=CHCOOH (d) (CH3)2CHCOOH
19. ∝ −Hydrogen atoms of carbonyl compounds
(a) Ethan-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
are acidic. Give reason.
(b) Proponoic acid
Due to − I − effect of Carbonyl group (C=O) which
(c) Prop-2-enoicacid
reduces electron density on ∝ −carbon.
(d) 2-Methylpropanoic acid
20. Name the reagent used to convert aldehyde
7. Lower members of aldehydes and ketones are
into a hemiacetal.
miscible with water? Give reason.
Monohydric alcohols(Methanol).
Due to formation of H-bond.
8. Name the family of carbonyl compound formed 21. Name the reagent used to convert Ketone into
by Friedal-Craft acylation reaction. phenyl hydrazine.
Aromatic ketones like acetophenone Phenyl hydrazine
𝐇𝟐 𝐒𝐎𝟒
22. Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols.
9. CH≡CH+ H2O → X. Give IUPAC name of X.
𝐇𝐠𝐒𝐎𝟒 Why?
H2 SO4 Due to more stabilization of carboxylate ion than
CH≡CH + H2O → CH3CHO (X). phenoxide ion.
HgSO4
Ethanal 23. Why methanol undergoes Cannizaro’s
10. Mention the hybridization of Carbon in reaction?
Carbonyl compound? [M-14] Due to absence of ∝ −hydrogen atom.
sp – Hybridization.
2
24. What is the reducing agent used in
11. What is Lindlar’s catalyst? Clemmensen reduction?
Pd-BaSO4/Quinoline Zinc amalgam and Con.HCl
12. Name the reagent in Etard’s reaction. 25. What is the effect of electron withdrawing
CrO2Cl2 / CS2 [M-18; J-15] group on the acidity carboxylic acids? [M-17]
13. What is Tollen’s reagent? Acidity increases
Ammonical silver nitrate solution is called Tollen’s 26. Arrange the following in the decreasing order
reagent. of their acidic strength: CH3COOH, FCH2COOH,
14. What is Formalin? [J-19] ClCH2COOH.

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 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > CH3COOH
27. A carbonyl compound (P) with the formula
C2H4O reacts with CH3MgX followed by
hydrolysis to form an alcohol (Q). Name the 6) Propanone to propane
alcohol Q. Na−Hg /HCl
CH3COCH3 + 4[H] → CH3CH2CH3 + H2O
CH3 MgBr
∆
CH3CHO → CH3CH(OH)CH3 + Mg(OH)Br
H2 O 7) Acetic acid to chloroacetic acid
(P) 2-propanol (Q) Red P
28. Name a reaction given by carbonyl compounds CH3COOH + Cl2→ CH2ClCOOH + HCl
due to the acidic nature of ∝ −hydrogen atom. 32. Complete the following reaction
Aldol condensation 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇+𝐂𝐚𝐎
1) RCOONa → _____ + Na2CO3
29. Between benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde,
NaOH+CaO
which one of these does not answer Fehling’s RCOONa → R-H + Na2CO3
test? 𝐃𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫
Benzaldehyde due to absence of ∝ −hydrogen 2) CH3MgBr + CO2 →
𝐇𝟑 𝐎+
atom.
Dry ether
30. What is the effect of an electron releasing CH3MgBr + CO2 → CH3COOH + Mg(OH)Br
group on the acidity of carboxylic acids? Give H3 O+
reason. 3) C6H5COOH + PCl5 →
Acidity decreases due to destabilization of
C6H5COOH + PCl5 → C6H5COCl + POCl3 + HCl
carboxylate ion.
31. Complete the following conversions: 4) (C6H5CO)2O + H2O →

1) Ethanoic acid to Ethanoic anhydride (C6H5CO)2O + H2O → 2C6H5COOH

𝐢) 𝐂𝐥𝟐 / 𝐑𝐞𝐝 𝐏
5) CH3−COOH → _____ + HCl
𝐢𝐢) 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
i) Cl2 / Red P
2) Ethanoic acid to Acetamide CH3−COOH → ClCH2−COOH + HCl
∆ ii) H2 O
CH3COOH + NH3 → CH3COONH4 → CH3CONH2
−H2 O
3) Benzoic acid to m-nitro benzoic acid. 6)

4) Benzene to benzaldehyde

7)

5) Benzamide to benzoic acid

35 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
𝐀𝐧𝐡𝐲.𝐀𝐥𝐂𝐥𝟑 5. Explain Decarboxylation with example.
8) C6H6 + CH3COCl → X + HCl
[J-18, 19]
Anhy.AlCl3
C6H6 + CH3COCl → C6H5COCH3 + HCl Salts of carboxylic acid reacts with soda lime to
form alkanes.
NaOH+CaO
9) CH3COONa → CH4 + Na2CO3
Sodium acetate Methane
6. Explain the Wolf-Kishner reduction with
example.
Aldehydes or ketones undergo reduction in
presence of hydrazine followed by KOH and
Two Marks Questions: ethyleneglycol form alkanes.
1. Explain Rosenmund’s reaction with example.
[M-14, 15, 18, 20; J-17]
Benzonyl chloride undergoes reduction with
Lindlar’s catalyst to form benzaldehyde. 7. Explain Cannizaro’s reaction with example.
[M-15, 17, 19, 20; J-14, 17, 18, 19]
Aldehydes without ∝ −hydrogen atom undergoes
reaction in presence of NaOH form mixture of
alcohol and salt of carboxylic acid.
NaOH
2. Explain Stephen’s reaction with example. HCHO + HCHO → CH3OH + HCOONa
Formaldehyde Methanol
Sodium formate
[J-16]
8. Explain HVZ reaction with example. [M-15]
Nitrile undergoes reduction with stannous
Carboxylic acids having ∝ −hydrogen atom reacts
chloride in presence of hydrogen chloride form
with halogens in presence of red P form ∝
imine later on acid hydrolysis form aldehyde.
H3 O+ −hydrogenated carboxylic acid.
C6H5CN + SnCl2 + HCl → C6H5 – CH = NH → C6H5CHO Red P
Benzonitrile Benzimine Benzaldehyde CH3-COOH + Cl2 → Cl-CH2-COOH + HCl
Acetic acid ∝ −Chloro acetic acid
3. Explain Gattermann-Koch reaction.
9. Write following conversions
[M-14, 17; J-19]
(1) Acetic acid to Acetyl chloride.
Benzene reacts with mixture of carbon monoxide
and HCl in presence of CuCl and anhydrous AlCl3 (2) Benzoic acid to Benzamide. [M-14,16]
to form benzaldehyde. (1) CH3 COOH + SOCl2 → CH3 COCl + SO2 + HCl
Acetic acid Acetyl chloride
∆/−H2 O
(2) C6 H5 COOH + NH3 → C6 H5 COONH4 → C6 H5 CONH2
Benzoic acid Ammonium benzoate Benzamide

4. Explain the Clemmensen reduction with 10. How do you prepare carboxylic acids from
example. [M-17, 19, 20] nitriles? [J-14]
Aldehydes or ketones undergo reduction in Nitriles first undergo acid hydrolysis form amides
presence of mixture of Zn-Hg and Con.HCl form later form carboxylic acids.
alkanes.
Zn−Hg/Con.HCl
CH3CHO + 4[H] → CH3-CH3 + H2O
Ethanal Ethane

36 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
Three Marks Questions: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. Explain Etard’s reaction with example.
[M-15, 18] CONTAINS NITROGEN
Toluene undergoes oxidation with chromyl ONE MARKS QUESTIONS:
chloride form chromium complex later to acid 1. What is the shape of trimethylamine?
hydrolysis form benzaldehyde. Pyramidal
2. Write IUPAC name of
(a) CH3CH2NH2 [M-17]
Ethanamine
(b) (CH3)2NCH3 (or) (CH3)3N [M-20]
2. Explain Aldol condensation with example.
[M- 16; J-14, 19] N,N-Dimethylmethanamine.
Aldehydes or ketones with ∝ −hydrogen atom (c) CH3NHCH2CH3. [M-14]
undergoes condensation in presence of NaOH
form β- hydroxyl aldehydes or ketones. N-Methylethanamine
(d) (CH3)2NC2H5 [M-19]
N,N-dimethylethanamine
3. Explain mechanism of addition of HCN to (e) (C2H5)2NCH3
carbonyl compounds. [M-16; J-16]
N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine
Carbonyl compounds react with HCN in presence
of weak base to form cyanohydrin. (f) (CH3)2NC6H5 [M-18, 19; J-15]
weak base
CH3CHO + HCN → CH3-CH(OH)-CN N,N-Dimethylaniline
3. Write the IUPAC name of simplest aryl amine.
Aniline.
4. Write the general formula of quaternary
ammonium salt?
R4N + X −
5. What is Hinsberg reagent? [M-14]
4. How to prepare carboxylic acids form Grignard Benzene sulphuryl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl).
reagent? [M-15, 18, 20; J-15] 6. Give reason: Lower aliphatic amines are
Carbon dioxide reacts with Grignard reagent to soluble in water.
form addition product later acid hydrolysis form Due to formation of Hydrogen bond.
carboxylic acid. 7. Write the structure of an amide which gives
propanamine by Hoffmann bromide reaction.
C3H7CONH2
8. What is the product obtained when a nitro
5. Explain Haloform reaction with example. compound is reduced using H2/Pd?
[M-20] Amine.
Compounds containing CH3CO- (or) CH3-CH(OH)- 9. Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared
group reacts with mixture of iodine and sodium by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. Why?
hydroxide to form Haloform. Because aryl halides do not undergo nucleophillic
CH3 – CO – CH3 + 4NaOH + 3I2 → substitution reaction.
CH3COONa + 3NaI + CHI3 + 3H2O 10. Give general formula of diazonium salt? [J-19]
Iodoform

37 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
RN2X Methyl amine
11. Complete the following reaction. 21. C6H5COCl + CH3NH2 → CH3NHCOC6H5 + HCl.
𝟐𝟕𝟑−𝟐𝟕𝟖𝐊 Name the reaction.
C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl →
Benzoylation
273−278K
C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl → 22. Complete the following reaction
C6H5N2Cl + NaCl + H2O 𝐇𝟐 /𝐍𝐢
1) R−C≡ 𝐍 →
12. Which is more basic in CH3NH2 and C6H5NH2.
H2 /Ni
[M-14, 19] R−C≡ N → R−CH2−NH2
CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2 due to more ∆
availability of lone pair electrons. 2) RNH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH → ___ + 3KCl + 3H2O
∆
13. Why primary amines have high boiling point RNH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH → RNC + 3KCl + 3H2O
than tertiary amines? 𝐁𝐫/𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫
Due to presence of intermolecular hydrogen 3) C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 → ___ + 3HBr
bonding.
14. Name the major product formed when aniline
is heated with alcoholic KOH and
chlorobenzene.
Carbylamine or phenylisocyanide ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀
15. Between NH3 and CH3NH2 which has highest
4) C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2O →
Pyridine
𝐏 𝐊 𝐛 value? C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2O → C6H5NHCOCH3
1 −CH3 COOH
Basicity ∝ PKb
฀฀𝐒𝐧+𝐇𝐂𝐥 ฀฀฀
CH3NH2 is more basic than NH3. Therefore NH3 has 5) C6H5NO2 →
highest P Kb value. Sn+HCl
C6H5NO2 → C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
16. The 𝐏𝐊 𝐛 values of ammonia, methanamine and 𝐁𝐫𝟐 + 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇
benzanamine are 4.75, 3.38 & 9.38 6) C6H5CONH2 → X + 2NaBr + Na2CO3 + 2H2O
respectively. Arrange them in the increasing Br2 + NaOH
C6H5CONH2→ C6H5NH2+2NaBr+Na2CO3+2H2O
order of their basic strength. [M-16]
1 7) C2H5NH2 + CH3COCl →
Basicity ∝ PKb
C2H5NH2 + CH3COCl → C2H5NHOCCH3 + HCl
Benzanamine < Ammonia < methanamine
17. Explain the trend in basic strength of 10, 20, 30 8)
methyl amines in gaseous phase.
30 > 20 > 10 due to increase in +I-effect
18. Arrange the following in the increase order of
basic strength CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2.
C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 9)
19. What is the gas liberated when methanamine
is treated with nitrous acid.
Nitrogen gas
20. Which is more basic in methyl amine and
aniline? [J-17]
38 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc
 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
23. Name the structure of the product obtained 4. How to convert aniline into p-bromoaniline?
when aniline reacts with bromine water at [M-20]
room temperature.
2,4,6-tribromoaniline.
24. Aniline does not undergo Friedal-craft
reaction. Why?
Due to reaction of AlCl3 with –NH2 then nitrogen
gets positive charge and acts as strong 5. Explain Diazonation. [M-17; J-14, 15, 18]
deactivating group. Aromatic primary amines react with nitrous acid
25. Write the Zwitter ion form of sulphinilic acid. at 0-50C form diazonium salts.

Two Marks Questions: 6. How does nitrous acid is treated with

1. How to prepare amine by Hoffmann bromide methylamine? [J-14, 15, 16, 17]
degradation reaction? Methylamine reacts with nitrous acid to form
[M-14, 15, 17, 19; J-14, 15, 17, 18, 19] aliphatic diazonium salt. It is unstable form
Amides on heating with bromine in aqueous methanol.
sodium hydroxide solution form primary amines. NaNO2 + 2HCl,0−50 C
∆ CH3 NH2 + HNO2 → [CH3 N2 + Cl− ]
CH3 − CO − NH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH → Methylamine
Ethanamide
H2 O
CH3 − NH2 + 2NaBr + Na2 CO3 + 2H2 O → CH3 OH + N2 + HCl
Methanamine
Methanol
2. Explain Carbylamine reaction with example.
7. How aniline does reacts with bromine water?
[M-16, 17, 18; J-14, 16, 19, 20]
[M-16]
Aliphatic or aromatic primary amines heated with
Aniline reacts with bromine water to form 2,4,6–
chloroform and alcoholic KOH to form Isocyanides.
∆
tribromoaniline.
C2 H5 − NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH →
Ethanamine
C2 H5 − NC + 3KCl + 3H2 O
Ethyl isocyanide

8. How do prepare aniline form nitrobenzene?

[M-18, 20]
3. Arrange the following amines in the order of Nitro benzene undergoes reduction in presence Sn
their increasing basicity in gaseous medium and HCl to form aniline.
and aqueous medium. [M-17]
(CH3)3N, (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2, NH3
In Gaseous medium:
(CH3)3N > (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > NH3
In Aqueous medium:
(CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3 Three Marks Question:

39 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
1. Explain Gabriel Phathalimide synthesis BIOMOLECULES
reaction with example.
Phathalimide reacts with aqueous KOH form 1. Name the storage polysaccharide present only
potassium Phathalimide. It reacts with alkyl halide in plant.
form N-alkyl Phathalimide. It undergoes acid Starch
hydrolysis form primary amines. 2. Name the storage polysaccharide present only
in plant.
Glycogen
3. Give one example to aldohexose.
Glucose
4. Give one example to ketohexose.
Fructose
5. Is Galactose an aldose or ketose sugar?
2. Explain Sandmeyer’s reaction with example. It is aldohexose
Benzene diazonium chloride is reacted with 6. What is the product obtained when glucose is
Cu2Cl/HCl or Cu2Br/HBr form chloro benzene or oxidised by bromine water?
bromo benzene respectively. This reaction is Gluconic acid
called Sandmeyer reaction. 7. Give an example for reducing sugar?
Cu2 Cl2 /HCl Eg: Glucose
→ C6 H5 Cl + N2
C6 H5 N2 Cl Chloro benzene 8. Give an example for non-reducing sugar?
Cu2 Cl2 /HBr Eg: sucrose.
→ C6 H5 Br + N2
9. Give example for fibrous protein.
bromobenzene
Keratin or myosin
3. Explain Gattermann reaction with example.
10. Give example for acidic ∝ −amino acid? [J-14]
Benzene diazonium chloride is reacted with
Alanine, Aspartic acid
Cu/HCl or Cu/HBr form chloro benzene or bromo
11. Give example for basic amino acid?
benzene respectively.
Cu/HCl
Lysine
→ C6 H5 Cl + N2 + CuCl 12. What are anomers?
C6 H5 N2 Cl Chloro benzene Carbohydrates which differ in configuration at
Cu/HBr first carbon are called anomers.
→ C6 H5 Br + N2 + CuBr
13. What are epimers?
Bromobenzene
Carbohydrates which differ in configuration at any
carbon except first carbon are called epimers.
14. What is glycosidic linkage?
The linkage between two monosaccharide units
through oxygen atom.
15. Which is optically inactive amino acid?
Glycine
16. What are Fat soluble vitamins? [J-17]
Vitamins A, D, E and K.
17. What are Water soluble vitamins? [M-14, 20]
Vitamins C and B – Complex.

40 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc

 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
18. Name the sugar present in DNA. [M-20] Ex: Raffinose
Deoxyribose. 3. What are oligosaccharides? Give an example.
19. Name the sugar present in RNA. [J-17] The carbohydrates which can form 3-10
D-Ribose. monosaccharides on hydrolysis are called
20. Name the nitrogen base present in DNA but not oligosaccharides.
in RNA. [M-15; J-15, 18] Ex: Raffinose
Thymine. 4. What are Polysaccharides? Give an example.
The carbohydrates which can form more than10
21. Name the nitrogen base present in RNA but not
monosaccharides on hydrolysis are called
in DNA. [M-14, 18]
polysaccharides.
Uracil
Ex: Cellulose
22. What are Hormones? [J-15] 5. What are Reducing sugars? Give example.
Hormones are molecules of carbon compounds The sugars which can reduce Tollen’s reagent and
that transfer biological information from one Fehling reagent are called reducing reducing
group of cells to tissues of organs. sugars.
23. Name the hormone that contains neoprene. Ex: Maltose, Lactose etc.
Thyroxine 6. What are non-Reducing sugars? Give example.
24. Name a hormone which regulates the blood The sugars which can’t reduce Tollen’s reagent
sugar level in the body. and Fehling reagent are called reducing non-
Insulin or Glucagon. reducing sugars.
Ex: Sucrose etc.
25. Mention the bonding helps in stabilizing the
7. What are essential amino acids? Give example.
𝛂 −helix structure of proteins.
[M-16; J-17]
Intra molecular hydrogen bond.
The amino acids which cannot be synthesized in
26. Mention a function of Hormone “Insulin”. the body and must be obtained through diet are
Control the metabolism of glucose in the blood. called essential amino acids.
27. Name the vitamin responsible for the Eg: valine, Leucine etc.
coagulation of blood. 8. What are non- essential amino acids? Give one
Vitamin K is responsible for the coagulation of example. [M-18; J-18]
blood. The amino acids which can be synthesized in the
28. What are nucleic acids? body are called non- essential amino acids.
Nucleic acids are the bimolecules which are found Eg: Glycine, alanine etc.
in the nuclei of all living cells in the form of 9. What are globular proteins? Give an example.
BIOMOLECULES The proteins having spherical shape and soluble in
Two Marks Questions: water are called Globular proteins.
1. What are Monosaccharides? Give one example. Eg: Insulin, Albumin.
The carbohydrates which cannot undergo 10. What is fibrous protein? Give an example.
[J-16]
hydrolysis are called Monosaccharides.
The proteins having thread like structure and
Ex: Glucose
insoluble in water are called fibrous proteins.
2. What are disaccharides? Give one example. Eg: Kertain.
The carbohydrates which can form two 11. What do you understand by invert sugars?
monosaccharides on hydrolysis are called
disaccharides.
41 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc
 ALVA’S PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, VIDYAGIRI TARGET 70
Invert sugar is a mixture of glucose and fructose. It 17. What is Nucleoside and Nucleotide? Give
is formed as a result of the hydrolysis of sucrose. example to each. [J-16]
12. Write the Haworth structures of Maltose? Nucleoside: The combination of nitrogen base
[M-14, 15, 17, 19; J-16, 18, 19] and pentose sugar is called Nucleoside.
Eg: Adenosine
Nucleotide: The combination of nitrogen base,
pentose sugar and phosphoric acid is called
Nucleotide.
Eg: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
18. What are enzymes? Give examples.
Enzymes are naturally occurring simple and
α − D − glucose α − D − glucose conjugated proteins produced by living organism.
13. Write the Haworth structures of Lactose? (or) These are proteins and act bio-catalyst
[M-17; J-15, 17] Eg: maltase, Invertase etc.
19. What is Zwitter ion? Give an example.
[M-16; J-15]
A neutral ion containing negative and positive
chargers is called Zwitter ion.
Eg: In aqueous solution of amino acids, –COOH
group transfers a proton to –NH2 group and gives
β − D − Galactose β − D − Glucose Zwitter ion.
14. Write the Haworth structures of Sucrose?

α − D − glucose
20. What is peptide bond? How they are formed?
A peptide bond formed by condensation of water
molecule from amino acids.

β − D − Fructose

15. Write the Haworth structures of Glucose?

[J-14]

α − D − glucose β − D − Glucose
16. What is meant by denaturation of proteins?
[M-15, 20; J-14]
The loss of biological activity of protein due to
change in temperature and PH is called
denaturation of protein.
Secondary and tertiary proteins are destroyed but
primary structure remains intact.

42 II PU CHEMISTRY PREPARED BY T.SRIKANTH, M.Sc