The technology known as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become a vital instrument in

many fields, changing traditional approaches to data management, tracking, and identification.
Combining RFID technology with Arduino microcontrollers offers a novel way to create RFID solutions
that are more affordable, customizable, and accessible. The goal of this study plan is to investigate the
possibilities of RFID technology and Arduino platforms together in a variety of applications, from smart
surroundings to inventory management. This research aims to clarify the theoretical foundations,
experimental procedures, conclusions, and uses of RFID Arduino-based systems. There has been
emerging demand for secure system that must be reliable and fast responded for the industries and
company. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is one of the reliable and fast means of identifying any
material object. Their significant advantages are that they can read wirelessly, contain more information
than barcode and more robust in nature and based on non-line-of-sight technology ( Mishra, Y., Marwah,
G. K., & Verma, S. (2015)).

In recent years, the integration of RFID technology with Arduino microcontrollers has gained
traction as a promising approach to address these challenges. The open-source Arduino software and
hardware platform provides an affordable and easily accessible method to prototype and carry out
electronic solutions. Through the application of Arduino boards and RFID readers, enthusiasts,
hobbyists, teachers, and researchers can create specialized RFID applications that are adapted to their
own requirements and limitations. Some school uses RFID that is Arduino based but their device only
has the attendance checking and not managing the late students and the students that are cutting
classes.

Many Arduino-based RFID scanner have been made yet, none of them had the feature to
message the parent and manage the late violations within the school and make call-ups after exceeding
the number that is given. The feature also includes the late and absentee, this feature also applies when
the student goes out of the campus and makes a SMS to inform the parent that their child was out of
the school after the time it was scanned. These features make this device better and more needed in the
schools and different premises.

The RFID Arduino-based scanner’s conceptual framework explains the basic components and
aspects that are involved in the system’s design, its implementation, and the use by emphasizing several
significant components and their interaction. (ALRikabi, H. T. S., Alaidi, A. H. M., & Abed, F. T. (2018).)

The hardware components are:

 RFID TAG: This component is the one that is needed to be read by the scanner which has
the user’s information on the tag.
 RFID Scanner or Reader: This component interacts with RFID tags, emitting radio
frequency signals to communicate with them and retrieve stored information.
 Arduino Microcontroller: This serves as the central processing unit, the board or Arduino
board manages the transmission between the RFID reader and tag, and this component
executes the programmed instructions for the data processor and user interface control.
 Power Supply: This component will make sure that the device will run properly or be
able to operate.

The software components are:

  Arduino Sketch: The Arduino board's firmware, or software program, controls all aspects
of the RFID scanner's operation, including response creation, tag detection, and data
retrieval.
 RFID Library: This is where the data of the RFID tags will be stored, and this facilitates
the integration of the Arduino sketch.
 User Interface (UI): This is the command-line that interfaces so that users are allowed to
interact with the RFID scanner and will display scanned tag information, configuring
settings and initiates scanning sessions

Functional Processes:

 Tag Detection: When the RFID tag is within operating range of the RFID reader, it
detects it and initiates communication to obtain the tag identifier and any related data.
 Data Retrieval: After the RFID tag is successfully detected, the Arduino board retrieves
and processes the data that the reader sent, extracting pertinent data like timestamps,
tag IDs, and sensor readings.
 Data processing: Using the information from the scanned tags, the Arduino
microcontroller processes data by filtering, combining, and interpreting it to produce
insights that can be put into practice or to start pre-programmed actions.
 Output Generation: The user is presented with processed data or actionable insights via
the assigned user interface, which allows for real-time feedback and makes decision-
making or additional actions easier.
 Automatic SMS for parent: Upon detecting an RFID tag, the Arduino triggers the
generation of an SMS message containing relevant information such as the time when
the RFID tag was read by the scanner and after five times that a student will be late, this
feature will make a SMS for parents for them to be called upon the disciplinary office.

System Interactions and Feedback:

 RFID-Reader Communication: Using the radio frequency signals, the RFID reader
connects with RFID tags to transfer tag data to the Arduino board for processing.
 User Interaction: Through the user interface, users can initiate scanning sessions,
configure settings, and receive feedback on data scanned from scanned tags.
 Feedback Mechanisms: To improve user experience and enable smooth operation, the
RFID Arduino-based scanner gives feedback to users through digital displays, auditory
alerts, or visual indicators.

Researchers and practitioners can systematically assess the RFID Arduino-based scanner's design
considerations, functional needs, and prospective applications by developing it within this framework.
This will help guide the development and deployment of sustainable and successful RFID scanning
technologies.

With a large senior high school population, it can be challenging for teachers and administrators
to monitor attendance effectively. Currently, attendance tracking methods rely on manual processes
such as by handing monitor paper trips to late comers’ students, which are time-consuming and prone
to errors. Manual attendance tracking can lead to inaccuracies due to human error, such as miscounting
or mis sort. Without a reliable system in place, it can be challenging to hold students accountable for
their attendance, leading to potential truancy issues. By implementing RFID attendance scanning, the
school can streamline the attendance tracking process, reduce errors, increase accountability, improve
monitoring capabilities, and make it easier to identify and address late student violations promptly.

This study will be developing an Arduino Based Attendance Scanner that will utilize MFRC522
module as the main scanner of the prototype and the RFID tags that contains the information of the
students, the RFID tags will be scanned by the MFRC522 module which then will be read and
automatically transferred to the google spreadsheet and will use the SIM800L GSM MODULE for giving
SMS to the parents.

Implementing an Arduino-based RFID attendance system with SMS notifications will significantly
improve attendance tracking accuracy and parental involvement at Ligao National High School. No more
errors can occur regarding with the monitoring of the student’s attendance. Late coming students can
easy be track and be immediate given call ups for their actions. Also, the security of the students and
staff of the vicinity will greatly increase, as it does not only serve for attendance tracking but also for
school security measures.

RFID chips integrated in student ID cards will be used by the system's design to track student
attendance. The system will send out SMS notifications to parents or guardians, or other authorized
recipients, informing them of the arrival and departure times of the students, after scanning their ID
cards. By restricting access to particular areas on the school grounds, devices will improve security
measures. Access will only be available to students who have legitimate ID cards with RFID tags;
attempts to enter without authorization will result in SMS alerts. The system will be made to easily
synchronize and report data with other school management systems that are currently in place.
Administrators may now access security logs, emergency response data, and attendance records from a
single, consolidated platform due to this integration.

The project's scope will be restricted to particular sections on the school grounds such as access
gates. The system will not cover areas that are not on the school's campus. The system will use ready to
use RFID reader modules, Arduino microcontrollers, and GSM modules due to financial and technical
limitations. This version of the technology will not support advanced features like facial recognition or
biometric identification.