RFID Based Control Access System

A Synopsis Submitted
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Bachelor in Technology
in
Electronics Engineering

by
Mohd Nijam
Manjit Singh
Ram Avtar
Vishnu

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE KANNAUJ
ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
NOVEMBER, 2019
 Contents
1. Introduction

2. Objective of the project

3. Technical details

4. Methodology

5. Plan of work

6. Applications

7. Conclusion

8. References
 Introduction
Most educational institutions' administrators are concerned about student security. The
conventional method allowing access to students inside a college/educational campus is by
showing photo i-cards to security guard is very time consuming and insecure, hence inefficient.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based security system is one of the solutions to
address this problem. This system can be used to allow access for student in school, college, and
university. It also can be used to take attendance for workers in working places. Its ability to
uniquely identify each person based on their RFID tag type of ID card make the process of
allowing security access easier, faster and secure as compared to conventional method.
Students or workers only need to place their ID card on the reader and they will be allowed
to enter the campus. And if any invalid card is shown then the buzzer is turned on.

The security system is basically an embedded one. Embedded stands for hardware controlled by
software. Here, the software using a Microcontroller controls all the hardware components. The
microcontroller plays an important role in the system.

This report provides a clear picture of hardware and software used in the system. It also
provides an overall view with detailed discussion of the operation of the system.
 Objective of project

RFID Based Control Access System

The main objective of the system is to uniquely identify and to make security for a person. This
requires a unique product, which has the capability of distinguishing different person. This is
possible by the new emerging technology RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The main parts
of an RFID system are RFID tag (with unique ID number) and RFID reader (for reading the RFID
tag). In this system, RFID tag and RFID reader used are operating at 125 KHz. The
microcontroller internal memory is used for storing the details.
 Technical details
Required Components and Tools:
 ATmega32/16 AVR Microcontroller

 RFID card reader

 RFID card(tag)

 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

 Motor

 Indicator LEDs

 AVR Programmer

 Power Supply (12V and 5V DC)

 Connecting Wires

 PCB Board
Block Diagram

Component’s Description
ATmega32 Microcontroller:
ATmega32 is high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller that
combines 32KB of programmable flash memory, 2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM, an 8-channel 10-
bit A/D converter, and a JTAG interface for on-chip debugging.
 Figure: Pin-out of ATmega32

Specifications:
 High-performance, Low-power Atmel® AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller
 Advanced RISC Architecture
 131 Powerful Instructions

 Most Single-clock Cycle Execution

 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers

 Fully Static Operation

 Up to 16 MIPS Throughput

AVR Programmer
It is hardware tools which is used the load the ‘.hex’ file into microcontroller through our
computer.

Figure: AVR Programmer

RFID Reader and tag
RFID is a technology similar in theory to bar codes. However, the RFID tag does not have
to be scanned directly, nor does it require line-of-sight to a reader. The RFID tag it must
be within the range of an RFID reader, which ranges from 3 to 300 feet, in order to be
read. RFID technology allows several items to be quickly scanned and enables fast
identification of a particular product, even when it is surrounded by several other items.

RFID reader
 RFID tags
RFID tags have not replaced bar codes because of their cost and the need to individually
identify every item

Radio Frequency Identification or simply RFID is a wireless technology generally used for
automatic identification and data collection.

With the help of RFID technology we can create smart systems that can be used
personnel identification, product monitoring, individual or organisation security,
transportation, maintenance of inventory and supply chain tracking.

RFID systems usually comprises of three components: an RFID Card, an RFID Reader
Module and a host device.

RFID Card or Tag consists of the data in the embedded microchip. RFID Reader is used
to read the data from the RFID Card and transfer it to the host device. 
Visitor Counter 
When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one. The total number of
persons inside the room is displayed on LCD. Visitor counting is simply a measurement of the
visitor traffic entering and exiting.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Liquid Crystal Display which is commonly known as Alphanumeric Display can display
Alphabets, Numbers as well as special symbols thus alphabets. Graphic display has embedded
controller for controlling different modes. Controller accepts commands and data bytes from micro
controller.
LCD display has total 16 pins for interface with processor. RS is instruction or data select line.
This pin is kept high or low by microcontroller to indicate command instruction or data bytes on
data bus db0-db7. Special feature of this LCD module is it allows reading of data bytes stored in
RAM. Pin no. 5 i.e. R/W is used for deciding read operation or write operation. Graphic display
has RAM memory for storing characters codes to be displayed on LCD.
We have used 16 x 2 Alphanumeric Display which means on this display we can display two lines
with maximum of 16 characters in one line.
Figure: Photograph of A typical 16 by 2 alphanumeric LCD display

Motor

We have used a DC motor. It is used to open the gate. The motors which are utilized as DC servo
motors, generally have separate DC source for field winding and armature winding. The control
can be archived either by controlling the field current or armature current. Field control has some
specific advantages over armature control and on the other hand armature control has also some
specific advantages over field control. Which type of control should be applied to the DC servo
motor, is being decided depending upon its specific applications.
 Methodology
The aim of this project is to design an RFID based security access control system using Atmega32
microcontroller, in which only authorised personnel are allowed access to a secure area. The
working of the project is explained here.

When the circuit is powered ON, the microcontroller will initially display a message as “Swipe the
Card” on the LCD display.
When the RFID Card or Tag is swiped against the RFID reader, it will detect the ID card and sends
the unique card no. to the microcontroller via serial terminal.

With the help of suitable programming, we need to compare the received card no. with the
numbers that are already stored in the microcontroller or any database like external memory unit.

When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one. The total number of
persons inside the room is displayed on LCD. Visitor counting is simply a measurement of the
visitor traffic entering and exiting.

If the received number is matched with the already stored number, then the microcontroller will
display the name of the card holder on the LCD and activates the motor driver IC. As a result, the
door is opened for a predefined duration after which the door is automatically closed.

If there is no match for the received numbers with the stored numbers, then the microcontroller
will not open the door and displays a message as “Access Denied” on the LCD display. 

Plan of Work:

 the objective of final year project is proposed and the group is created by our faculty
members of Electronics Engineering department, the topic of the project is suggested by
Ms. Archana Verma and start working under his supervision.

 the planning is started for development of the project; the blueprint is made.
 Much research papers and basic of programming and looping condition is studied. The
working of RFID is learnt.
  We worked on Rfid based access control system, and then we need to developed smarter
and next level algo which carry out our system to more efficient end reliable for control the
access system.
 We are planning to complete our project till mid of April month, so we are divided the
work among the team members.
 We are introducing algorithm in source code for counting the persons passing through gate.
 Then we design the circuit schematic for printing the PCB board and make the architectural
model of an intersection of the streets and show the real time working of the project.

Advantages & Applications

1) In Educational institutes It is used for the security in colleges, schools and universities.
2) In Companies / Industries It is used for the security in software companies, industries.
3)RFID based Security Access System is designed in this project. As the system uses RFID
Technology based identification, it can be used to access secured areas like research centers,
defense sites etc.
 CONCLUSION
In this project, we have implemented a concept of intelligent security system for school children

with the help of RFID. Identification has become a necessary process in almost all fields. Now

days, all works are done by automation. Automation invention all are concentrated on the main

theme that is to reduce human effort and effective utilization of time. Our project is also

implemented to reduce the man power in the identification. Due to this, accuracy of identification

is maintained. Surely, this identification system will enhance the needs of identification in other

fields in our developing modern world.

 References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers

https://electronicsforu.com/resources/learn-electronics/16x2-lcd-pinout-diagram

Steven Shepard– “RFID: Radio Frequency Identification