COMMITTEE: World Food Program (WFP)

COUNTRY: Senegal
DELEGATED NAME: Mariana De Luna Sierra
SCHOOL AND CAMPUS: Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad Juárez
OFFICIAL NAME: The Republic of Senegal
CAPITAL: Dakar
FLAG:

LOCATION: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau
and Mauritania (Senegal – The World Factbook, 2023)

POPULATION: 18,384,660
GOVERNMENT TYPE: Presidential democratic republic.
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: Incumbent Macky Sall
HEAD OF STATE: Amadou Ba
RELATIONS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES: Francophonie University Agency (AUF), Help
and Action, African Development Bank Group, Central Bank of West African States
(BCEAO), France Agency of Development AFD and PROPARCO, France Institut, African
Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC) (International, Organizations – Senegel, 2022)

GDP: $58991000000
GDP per Capita: $3,500
 Across cultures, food is a way to bring togetherness to a group and celebrate

community. But more than that, it’s one of a healthy human’s basic needs, along with

water and shelter. Food is essential for every person to survive and thrive. Yet in

recent years, the United Nations has been warned of a global food security crisis.

Despite all the world’s resources, food security or reliable access to enough

affordable, nutritious food – is a pressing issue in multiple countries. Food security is

when all people, at all times, have physical and economical access to sufficient safe

and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active

and healthy life. The entire structure of food security is dependent on four critical

pillars: availability, access, stability, and utilization.

Topic A: Program to counteract the effects of climate change in

agriculture.

Agriculture always has been crucial to economic growth: "accounting for

4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) and in some least developing countries,

it can account for more than 25% of GDP." (THE WORLD BANK, 2023). It has a big

impact on society in many ways, for example: supporting livelihoods through food,

habitat, and jobs; providing raw materials for food and other products; and building

strong economies through trade. But in recent years it has been affected by climate

change, which began to raise alarm about the availability of food, the access that will

be had to it and how the quality will decrease, some examples are: Projected

increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme

weather events, and reductions in water availability, that may result in reduced

agricultural productivity.

In Senegal, these climate-related events have led to increased vulnerability to

food security. In recent years the impacts caused in Senegal have become

increasingly greater and they will continue, the erratic rainfall and rising sea levels

will likely result in more extreme weather events and these events will likely continue

to have a detrimental effect on developing countries, such as Senegal. Climate

change is a major factor hindering the progress of Senegal's agriculture. Rising

temperatures and decreasing rainfall threaten the agriculture sector, already

stressed by overexploitation and degraded soil. To address rural poverty in Senegal,

the Food Security Support Project was launched to improve the food security and

income of more than 44,000 farmers. The government of Senegal partnered with the

Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) to strengthen the

agricultural sector. Together they launched the Food Security Support Project

(PASA) in three regions – Louga, Matam, and Kaffrine –. Farmers struggle with low

rainfall due to climate change. Low precipitation leads to erosion and makes it

challenging to grow crops. Through PASA, what we propose is that farmers have to

adapt water management techniques and build infrastructure to protect their crops

and livestock. Also, we need to use more seeds that are adapted to local climate

conditions and find new ones.

ActionAid USA. (2019, 8 mayo). Farmers improving food security in Senegal - ActionAid
USA
Climate impacts on agriculture and food supply | Climate Change impacts | US EPA. (s. f.).
Maryville University Online. https://online.maryville.edu/blog/why-is-agriculture-important
Overview. (s. f.). World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/overview
Rodriguez, M. A. B. (2023, 26 octubre). Why is agriculture important? Benefits and its role.
Senegal climate change Country profile | Fact Sheet | (2022, 15 november). U.S. Agency for
International Development. https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/senegal
 Tópic B: Increasing food security in areas affected by armed conflict.

While there are many interconnected drivers of food insecurity, armed

conflicts are the main driver. Food insecurity and hunger continue to threaten the

lives and livelihoods of millions of people, the 2023 Global Report on Food Crises

suggests that conflicts pushed over 117 million people into acute food insecurity.

According to the Global Report on Food Crises, armed conflict and other threats to

security pushed 139 million people into acute food insecurity in 2021, an increase of

almost 40 million people compared to the year before (2020). The way a conflict is

fought can both directly and indirectly impact, cause when crops, agricultural land, or

other factors are damaged or destroyed by fighting, it can have an impact on

people's access to food.

In 2022, the progress made in fighting food insecurity and malnutrition in

Senegal was significantly hampered by global inflation and stagflation trends,

disruptions caused by the Ukraine crisis. Global food, prices have risen rapidly in

recent months, driven in large part by the fallout from the ongoing war in Ukraine and

the sanctions imposed on Russia. Other factors, such as export bans, have also

contributed to rising prices. Palm oil and wheat prices increased by 56 and 100

percent in real terms, respectively and this creates an impact cause not everyone

has the money nor how to pay the prices that are increasing, and this is causing food

security to become less. While national governments or belligerents are often unable

or unwilling to respond adequately to food crises, humanitarian relief operations face

the challenges of reaching those people most in need of food supply and

simultaneously avoiding exacerbation of the conflict. This has left many of the

affected communities having to find their own responses to food insecurity. If food
crises are to be effectively addressed, research and policy actions need to tackle

both food crises and violent conflict.

• Respect access to food as a human right.

• Build bridges linking humanitarian assistance, development and
peacebuilding.
• Improve the links between early warning and early action in conflict-driven
food crises.

International Committee of the Red Cross. (2023, 31 julio). Food security in times of Armed
Conflict https://www.icrc.org/en/document/food-security-in-armed-conflict-what-you-need-
know
Kemmerling, B., Schetter, C., & Wirkus, L. (2023). Addressing food crises in violent
conflicts. En Springer eBooks (pp. 217-228). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_12
Senegal: Impacts of the Ukraine and global crises on poverty and food security. GLOBAL
CRISIS COUNTRY BRIEF | 2022 https://www.ifpri.org/publication/senegal-impacts-
ukraine-and-global-crises-poverty-and-food-security