Reciprocating Influences

(Bells and Cairns)

Richard Q. Bell (1979)

 American Psychologist Example:

 Focused on the mutually interactive  If you are nice to someone, they feel
effects of the mother and child. good, it creates a more positive
impression in their mind. In
 He says that even though most of the
return, they feel obligated to be
researchers emphasized parent’s
nice to you in equal measure or
influence on children, in reality,
more.
interaction between these two are
reciprocal.
Robert Cairns (1998)

 Points out the idea of bidirectionality Example

does not assume that parents and  Parents help kids with homework,
children exercise equal influences
over each other.
but if kids really like a subject, it
can make parents happy and
 Bidirectional – capable of reacting or encourage them to help more.
functioning in two, opposite
directions
 Parents has the most control of their
children and children depends on
them so they don’t have equal
influences

What is Reciprocal Influence?

 It means that a child’s behavior is influenced by others and others

influence their behavior.

 Example: If a child is showing bad behavior, the people around the
child will treat him/her negatively. This may then make the child
exhibit more bad behavior.
LAW OF RECIPROCITY

 States that every positive action can get a positive reaction.


 In personal relationships, reciprocity plays a crucial role in
maintaining social harmony and trust. When people consistently
reciprocate kindness and generosity, it fosters goodwill and
mutual support.
Summary

 Increased recognition of the effects of reciprocal

influences in the behavior of parents and their offspring
may result in children's improved well-being through
the enhancement of parent effectiveness dissolution of
the notion that the parent is totally responsible for the
child's behavior, and active parental leadership and
guidance.

“
Thank You

 Reporters ”
 Contreras, Marc
 Detuya, John Robert
ACTIVITY
Matching Type

A. B.
1. A child’s behavior is influenced by others A. Richard Q. Bell
and others influence their behavior.
2. Every positive action can get a positive B. Reciprocal Influence
reaction. C. Law of Reciprocity
3. Capable of reacting or functioning in two,
opposite directions. D. Robert Cairns
4. Focused on the mutually interactive effects E. Bidirectional
of the mother and child.
5. Parents has the most control of their
children and children depends on them
so they don’t have equal influences.
6.
7.
8.