Q2 Week 1 MELC 13 Illustrates Polynomial Functions

Determine whether each of the following is a polynomial
expression or not. Give your reasons.

Polynomial Polynomial
Not Not
Polynomial Polynomial
Not Not
Not Polynomial
Polynomial
• algebraic expression that uses non-negative integers/
whole numbers as exponents { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}
1 ✓ x0 ✓
1 ✓ 1 x0 ✓
x0 ✓
When is an algebraic expression NOT Polynomial?
• the exponents are in
fraction form
• there is variable inside
the radical sign
• the exponents are
negative integer
• there is variable in the
denominator
• the exponents are
irrational numbers
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
This week…
•MELC 13. Illustrates polynomial function
•MELC 14. Understands, describes and
interprets graphs polynomial functions.
Next week…
•MELC 15. Solves problems involving
polynomial functions.
Objectives:
• Illustrates polynomial functions using reasons and
graph.
• Identify the degree, leading term and constant term of
a polynomial function
• Write the polynomial functions in standard and
factored form
The form of polynomial function
P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + … + a1x + a0
where n is a nonnegative integer,

a1, a2, …, an are real numbers called coefficients,
anxn is the leading term,
an is the leading coefficient, and
a0 is the constant term.
P(x) = 5x3 + 4x2 + 3x + 6

Practice Exercise 2.7, A, 1-10
Determine which of the following are polynomials.
Write P if polynomial and NP if not
𝟑𝒙𝟐
1. P(x) = 2x - 1 6. P(x) =
𝟐𝒙𝟑
2. P(x) = 3x2 + 5 7. P(x) = 3x3 –5 + 4x2 +2x
3. P(x) = 4x - 7 8. P(x) = -x5 + 7x2 -4 +x1/2
4. P(x) = 5x3 + x - 3 9. P(x) = 6x(x2 – 1)
5. P(x) = 7 + 5x-2 + 4x5 𝟓 + 𝒙𝟑
10. P(x) =
𝟕
Practice Exercise 2.7, A, 1-10
Determine which of the following are polynomials.
Write P if polynomial and NP if not
𝟑𝒙𝟐
1. P(x) = 2x - 1 P 6. P(x) = NP
𝟐𝒙𝟑
2. P(x) = 3x2 + 5 P 7. P(x) = 3x3 –5 + 4x2 +2xP
3. P(x) = 4x - 7 NP 8. P(x) = -x5 + 7x2 -4 +x1/2
4. P(x) = 5x + x - 3 P 9. P(x) = 6x(x2 – 1) P
3 NP
5. P(x) = 7 + 5x-2 + 4x5 NP 𝟓 + 𝒙𝟑
10. P(x) = P
𝟕
The form of polynomial function
P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + … + a1x + a0
where n is a nonnegative integer,

a1, a2, …, an are real numbers called coefficients,
anxn is the leading term,
an is the leading coefficient, and
a0 is the constant term.
P(x) = 5x3 + 4x2 + 3x + 6

Degree of Polynomial
• The degree of a polynomial is the highest
exponent of x that appears in the polynomial.
Standard form
• A polynomial is in standard form if its terms are
written in descending order of exponents from left to
right.
P(x) = 3
5x + 2
4x + 3x + 6
P(x) = 5x3 + 4x2+ 3x + 6
Degree: 3
f(x) = 5x3 + 4x2+ 3x + 6 Leading Coefficient: 5
Constant Term: 6
y = 5x3 + 4x2+ 3x + 6
Polynomial Example Degree Leading Constant
Coefficient Term
Function
Zero Function P(x) = 0 None None None
Constant
P(x) = 2 0 0 2
Function
Linear Function P(x) = x - 7 1 1 -7
Quadratic
P(x) = 5x2 + 9 2 5 9
Function
Cubic Function P(x) = x3 - 2x2 - 4x + 6 3 1 6
Quartic Function P(x) = 3x4 + 5x3 - x - 8 4 3 -8
Quintic Function P(x) = 2x5 - x4 - 4x 5 2 0
nth degree P(x) = anxn + bxn-1 + cxn-2 + … +
polynomial a0 n a c
function
Journal Page 2
Other Forms of Writing Polynomial Function
factored form, and
as aproduct of irreducible factors ,

(that is, a factor that can no longer be factored using
coefficients that are real numbers)
Examples:
Factored form
y = x4 + 2x3 - 13x2 - 10x → y = x( x-5) (x+1) (x+2)
y = 6x3 + 45x2 +66x -45 → y = 3( 2x-1) (x+3) (x+5)
Factors are expressed in the form x - c

Examples:
Product of irreducible factors
f(x) = x3 + x2 + 18 → f(x)= ( x2 - 2x + 6) ( x + 3 )
f(x) = x3 - 125 → f(x) = ( x - 5) (x2 + 5x + 25)

Activity 2
 Answer Practice Exercise 2.7, B-
C, pp. 3-4. Odd numbers only
Prepare for a Quiz

Activity 2 Practice Exercise 2.7, B-C, pp. 3-4. Odd numbers only
B. Express each polynomial function in standard form.

1. P(x) = 86 x + 2x3 -23x2 -105
3. P(x) = -5x
5. P(x) = 425x2 -84x + 5x5-17x3-41x4
7. P(x) = -7x2 + x3 + 28 -4x
9. P(x) = -105
C. Write the degree, type of function, leading coefficient

and constant term of each polynomial function in B.
Degree Type Leading Constant
Coefficient Term
B. Express each polynomial function in standard form.

1. P(x) = 86 x + 2x3 -23x2 -105 1. P(x) = 2x3 -23x2 +86 x -105
3. P(x) = -5x 2. P(x) = -5x
5. P(x) = 425x2 -84x + 5x2-17x3-41x4 3. P(x) = 5x5-41x4 -17x3 + 425x2 -84x
7. P(x) = -7x2 + x3 + 28 -4x 4. P(x) = x3 -7x2 -4x + 28

9. P(x) = -105 5. P(x) = -105
C. Write the degree, type of function, leading coefficient

and constant term of each polynomial function in B.
Degree Type Leading Constant
Coefficient Term
1. P(x) = 2x3 -23x2 +86 x -105 3 Cubic Function 2 -105
2. P(x) = -5x 1 Linear Function -5 0
3. P(x) = 5x5-41x4 -17x3 + 430x2 - 5 Quintic Function 5 0
84x
4. P(x) = x3 -7x2 -4x + 28 3 Cubic Function 1 28
5. P(x) = -105 0 Constant Function 0 -105
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
This week…
Next week…
OBJECTIVES:
• Use vertical line test to identify whether a graph
is a function or not
• Identify graphs of polynomial function
• Write polynomial functions in factored form and
find the zeroes of polynomials
Graph of Polynomial Functions
1. The graph of any type of function must pass the
vertical line test.
2. Every polynomial function with real coefficients has the

set of real numbers as its domain; hence it is
continuous function.
This means that the graph of a polynomial function has no
breaks, holes or gaps.
3. A polynomial equation of the nth degree cannot have
more than n roots.
This only means that the graph cannot intersect the x-
axis more than n times.
4. A graph of a polynomial function has only smooth,
rounded turns. A polynomial function cannot have a
sharp turn.
Activity
Function or Not
 Use the Vertical Line Test to identify
if the graphs illustrate a function or not.
 Raise your RIGHT HAND if it is a
function, and put it on top of your
armchair if it is not.
Q2-Week1-MELC13: Illustrates polynomial functions.
Activity
Function or Not
Not Polynomial Polynomial
Function Function
NOT FUNCTION FUNCTION NOT

Q2-Week1-MELC13: Illustrates polynomial functions.
Why is it important to know the DEGREE of polynomial?
Source: MATH Grade 10 PIVOT IV-A Learner’s Material: Quarter 2, page 7
✓
✓
✓ It determines the end behavior of the graph of a function
Zeros of Polynomial Function
Getting the x- intercepts and y-intercept of the graph

x- intercepts can be obtained when y = 0, also the roots
y- intercepts can be obtained when x = 0, also the
constant term

If (x-c) is a factor of a polynomial P(x) then, c is
called a zero of a polynomial function.
If c is a zero of a polynomial and the exponent on the term

that produced the root is k then we say that c has a
multiplicity k.
Example 1.
P(x) = (x+3) (x-2)
0= (x+3) (x-4)
x+3=0 x–2= 0
x = -3 x=2
x= {-3, 2} Thus, the zeroes are -3 and 2
2. P(x) = (x-5)4 (x+3)7
0= (x-5)4 (x+3)7
x-5= 0 x+3= 0
x= 5 x= -3
x= {5 of multiplicity 4, -3 of multiplicity 7}
Thus, the zeroes are 5 of multiplicity 4, -3 of multiplicity 7
3. y = x3 +x2 -12x
y = x (x2 + x -12)
y = x (x-3) (x+4)
0 = x (x-3) (x+4)
x=0 x-3= 0 x+4= 0
x= 3 x= -4
x= {0, 3, -4} Thus, the zeroes are 0, 3 and-4
4. y = x5 +8x4 +16x3
y = x3 (x2 + 8x +16)
y = x3 (x+4) (x+4) or y = x3 (x+4)2
0 = x3 (x+4)2
x=0 x+4= 0
x= -4
x= {0 of multiplicity 3, -4 of multiplicity 2}
Thus, the zeroes are 0 multiplicity 3, -4 multiplicity 2
Let’s Graph!
•P(x) = (x+3) (x-2)
•P(x) = (x-5)4 (x+3)7
•y = x +x -12x
3 2
•y = x5 +8x4 +16x3
Mini-Activity
Give the zeroes of the following polynomial functions.
1. P(x) = (x + 2) (x + 3)
2. P(x) = x ( x – 4) (x + 3)
3. P(x) = ( x + 5)3 (2x - 7)
4. P(x) = x2 ( x + 2)3 (x - 6)4
5. P(x) = x2 -5x -24
Mini-Activity
Give the zeroes of the following polynomial functions.
1. P(x) = (x + 2) (x + 3) -2, -3
2. P(x) = x ( x – 4) (x + 3) 0, 4, -3
𝟕
3. P(x) = ( x + 5)3 (2x - 7) -5 of multiplicity 3,
𝟐
4. P(x) = x2 ( x + 2)3 (x - 6)4
-0 of multiplicity 2, -2 of multiplicity 3, 6 of multiplicity 4
5. P(x) = x2 -5x -24 8, -3
Activity 3
 Answer Practice Exercise 2.8, A and C,
pp. 8-9.
 A--- Number s 1-10, odd numbers only
 C--- odd numbers, write the polynomial
function in factored form
Prepare for Quiz 2

factored form , zeroes, multiplicity
Activity 3 Answer Practice Exercise 2.8, A and C, pp. 8-9.
A. Find the zeros of each polynomial function.

1. f(x) = x5(x -3)2 (x + 1)3
3. f(x) = ( x –3)2 (x - 5) (x + 5)
5. f(x) = x(x -7)2 (6x + 5)(4x-3)4
7. f(x) = x4 –7x3 -6x2 + 7x + 5

9. f(x) = x3 -2x2 -16x +32
C. Determine the polynomial function whose only zeros

are the given integers.
1. {0, -2, 1}
3. { -1, 2,-3, 4}
5. {-1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3}
𝟐 𝟏
7. { -1, , 𝟐, }
𝟑 𝟐
9. 5 and -5 of multiplicity 2
A. Find the zeros of each polynomial function.

1. f(x) = x5(x -3)2 (x + 1)3 0 of mul. 5, 3 of mul. 2, -1 of mul. 3
3. f(x) = ( x –3)2 (x - 5) (x + 5) 3 of mul. 2, 5 , -5
5. f(x) = x(x -7)2 (6x + 5)(4x-3)4 0, 7 of mul. 2, − 𝟓, 𝟑 of mul. 4
𝟔 𝟒
7. f(x) = x4 –7x3 -6x2 + 7x + 5 = (x+1) (x-1) (x2 -7x -5)

1, -1
9. f(x) = x3 -2x2 -16x +32 = (x+4) (x-4) (x-2)
4, -4, 2
C. Determine the polynomial function whose only zeros are

the given integers.
1. {0, -2, 1} P(x) = x (x+2) (x-1)
3. { -1, 2,-3, 4} P(x) = (x+1) (x-2) (x+3) (x-4)
5. {-1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3} P(x) = (x+1) (x-1) (x-2)2 (x-3)2
𝟐 𝟏
7. { -1, , 𝟐, }P(x) = (x+1) (3x-2) (x-2) (2x-1)
𝟑 𝟐
P(x) = (x-5) (x+5)2
9. 5 and -5 of multiplicity 2
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
This week…
Next week…
OBJECTIVES:
• Find the number of turning points of the graph
of a function
• Find the end behaviors of the graph of a function
• Identify the behaviors of the graph relative to
the x-axis
✓
✓
Turning Points
Give the degree of the function and its corresponding
number of turning points as shown in the sketch
4 1
4 3
3 0
5 2
5 4
Number of Turning Points of a Function
The number of turning points in the

graph of a polynomial is strictly less than the
degree n of the polynomial. (at most n-1)
Mini-Activity
Give the number of turning of each of the following
1. P(x) = 86 x + 2x3 -23x2 -105 at most 2
2. P(x) = 425x2 -84x + 5x5-17x3-41x4 at most 4
3. P(x) = -5x none
4. P(x) = x2 ( x + 2)3 (x - 6)4 -at most 8
5. P(x) = x2 -5x -24 at most 1
✓
✓
End Behavior and the degree
When the degree is even the end behaviors
are the same.
f(x) = -3x6
f(x) = 3x2 f(x) = 2x4
End Behavior and the degree
When the degree is odd the end
behaviors are different.
f(x) = -3x f(x) = -6x5
f(x) = 2x f(x) = x3
Right End Behavior and the Leading Coefficient
When the leading coefficient is positive,
the graph is rises to the right.
f(x) = 3x2 f(x) = 2x f(x) = 1x3

f(x) = 2x4
Right End Behavior and the Leading Coefficient
When the leading coefficient is negative,
the graph is falls to the right.
f(x) = -3x f(x) = -6x5
f(x) = -3x6
The Leading Coefficient Test f(x) = 2x f(x) = x3
Case 1: If n is odd AND the leading

coefficient is positive, the graph falls
to the left and rises to the right.
Case 2: If n is odd AND the leading f(x) = -6x5
coefficient is negative, the graph rises
to the left and falls to the right.
f(x) = -3x
The Leading Coefficient Test f(x) = 3x2 f(x) = 2x4
Case 3: If n is even AND the leading
coefficient is positive, the graph rises
to the left and rises to the right.
Case 4: If n is even AND the leading
coefficient is negative, the graph falls
to the left and falls to the right. f(x) = -3x6
It Matters How This Ends
Describe the left and the right end behavior of the following
function. Write FALLING or RISING or NEITHER.
FUNCTION degree LC to the left to the right
1. y = x3- 8 3 1 falling rising
2. y = - x5 + 4x - 6 5 -1 rising falling
3. y = x2 –2x + 1 2 1 rising rising
4. f(x) = - x6 + x2 – 1 6 -1 falling falling
5. y = 4 0 0 neither neither
Given the function y = (x+2)2 (x+1)3 (x-1)4 (x-2) and its graph,
complete the table below, then answer the questions that follow.
-2 -1 1 2
2 even tangent
3 odd crosses
4 even tangent
1 odd crosses
Multiplicity of the Roots and the x-axis
When the multiplicity of the root is even, the
graph is tangent to the x-axis at this root.
When the multiplicity of a root is odd, the graph

crosses the x-axis.
Activity 4
 Answer Practice Exercise 2.9, B,
pp. 14.
Bring Graphing Paper

Activity 4
Sign of the Number of
Behavior of the Multiplicity of
Polynomial Function Degree Leading Turning
Coefficient Graph Zero
points
Rising to the right 2 ---- 1
1. f(x) = (x-2) (x+1) 2 + Rising to the left
at most 1
-1 ---1
2 ---- 1
2. f(x) = (x-2) (x+1) (x+3) Rising to the right
3 + Falling to the left
at most 2 -1 ---1
-3 --- 1
2 ---- 1
3. f(x) = (x-2) (x+1) (x+3) Rising to the right
at most 2 -1 ---1
-3 --- 1
4. f(x) = x (x+1) 2 Rising to the right
at most 2 0 --- 2
-1 ---1
5. f(x) = (x-2)2 (x+2)2 Rising to the right 2 --- 2

4 + Rising to the left
at most 3
-2 ---2
Activity 4
Sign of the Number of
Behavior of the Multiplicity of
Polynomial Function Degree Leading Turning
Coefficient Graph Zero
points
Rising to the right 0 --- 1 -1 --- 1
6. f(x) = x (x-2) (x+1) (x+3) 4 + Rising to the left
at most 3
2 ---- 1 -3 --- 1
7. f(x) =x4 – 2x3 -3x2 +4x + 4 Rising to the right 2 ---- 2

f(x) = (x-2)2 (x+1)2 4 + Rising to the left
at most 3
-1 ---2
8. f(x) = (x+2) (x-1) (x-3)2 -2 ---- 1
Rising to the right
4 + Rising to the left
at most 3 1 ---1
3 --- 2
9. f(x) = -x3 -9x2 – 27x - 27 Falling to the right
f(x) = -(x+3) 3
3 - Rising to the left
at most 2
-3 ---3
10. f(x) = x5 -6x4 –4x3- 8x2 Rising to the right
f(x) = x2 (x3 -6x2 – 4x - 8) 5 + Falling to the left
at most 4
0 --- 2
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
This week…
Next week…
OBJECTIVES:
• Sketch the graph of polynomial functions
• Identify whether or not a sketch matches the
graph of a polynomial function
Steps involved in graphing
polynomial function
1. Write the function in factored form.
2. Find the end behavior of a graph.
3. Find the zeros of a polynomial and their
multiplicity.
4. Make table of values of x and y. Find the y- intercept
5. Plot the points and draw a smooth continuous
curve to connect the points.
6. Make sure that the graph follows the end behavior.
Examples:
1. Graph P(x) = x 3 -2x 2 -3x
2. Graph P(x) = 3
(x-1) (x+2)2
Steps involved in graphing
polynomial function
1. Write the function in factored form.
2. Find the end behavior of a graph.
3. Find the zeros of a polynomial and their multiplicity.
4. Make table of values of x and y. Find the y- intercept
5. Plot the points
--- Plot the x-intercepts and y-intercept
6. Draw a smooth continuous curve to connect the points.
--- Draw the left and right end
--- Connect each point with consideration to the multiplicity of
the zeros and number of turning points
More Examples:
Sketch the graph of each polynomial function:
1. f(x) = (x-2) (x+1) 2. f(x) = (x-2) (x+1) (x+3)
Standard Form: x2 –x -2 Standard Form: x3 +2x2 –5x -6
Degree: 2 LC:+1 Degree: 3 LC:+1
Rises to the right Rises to the right
Rises to the left Falls to the left
Zeros: 2, -1 Zeros: 2, -1, -3
y – intercept: -2 y – intercept: -6
Are they aMini-Activity
Good Match?
Write MATCH if the given function matches the
given graph. Write NOT if otherwise.
1. y = x3 - x
y = x (x+1) (x-1)
good match?
2. y = x2 – x - 6
y = x (x+2) (x-3)
good match?
3. y = x5+ x4 – x3 – x2
y = x2 (x+1)2 (x-1)
good match?
4. y = (x+2) (x+1)2 (x-1)3
good match?
5. y = x + 3
Mini-Activity
Let’s Check!
Good Match?
1. y = x3 - x
y = x (x+1) (x-1)
Degree: 3 LC:+1
Rises to the right
Falls to the left
Zeros: 0, -1, 1
y – intercept: 0 MATCH
good match?
2. y = x3 – x2 – 6x
y = x (x+2) (x-3)
Degree: 3 LC:+1
Rises to the right
Falls to the left
Zeros: 0, -2, 3
y – intercept: 0 NOT
good match?
3. y = x5+ x4 – x3 – x2
y = x2 (x+1)2 (x-1)
Degree: 5 LC:+1
Rises to the right
Falls to the left
Zeros: 0 of mul 2, -1 of mul 2, 1
y – intercept: 0 MATCH
good match?
4. y = (x+2) (x+1)2 (x-1)3
Degree: 6 LC:+1
Rises to the right
Rises to the left
Zeros: -2, -1 of mul 2,
1 of mul 3
y – intercept: -2 MATCH
good match?
5. y = x + 3
Degree: 1 LC:+1
Rises to the right
Falls to the left
Zeros: -3
y – intercept: 3
NOT

Q2 Week 1 MELC 13 Illustrates Polynomial Functions

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Q2 Week 1 MELC 13 Illustrates Polynomial Functions

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Determine whether each of the following is a polynomial

expression or not. Give your reasons.

where n is a nonnegative integer,

P(x) = 5x3 + 4x2 + 3x + 6

where n is a nonnegative integer,

P(x) = 5x3 + 4x2 + 3x + 6

factored form, and

as aproduct of irreducible factors ,

y = 6x3 + 45x2 +66x -45 → y = 3( 2x-1) (x+3) (x+5)

Factors are expressed in the form x - c

Product of irreducible factors

f(x) = x3 - 125 → f(x) = ( x - 5) (x2 + 5x + 25)

Prepare for a Quiz

B. Express each polynomial function in standard form.

C. Write the degree, type of function, leading coefficient

B. Express each polynomial function in standard form.

7. P(x) = -7x2 + x3 + 28 -4x 4. P(x) = x3 -7x2 -4x + 28

C. Write the degree, type of function, leading coefficient

2. Every polynomial function with real coefficients has the

NOT FUNCTION FUNCTION NOT

Zeros of Polynomial Function

Getting the x- intercepts and y-intercept of the graph

Zeros of Polynomial Function

If c is a zero of a polynomial and the exponent on the term

Prepare for Quiz 2

A. Find the zeros of each polynomial function.

7. f(x) = x4 –7x3 -6x2 + 7x + 5

C. Determine the polynomial function whose only zeros

A. Find the zeros of each polynomial function.

7. f(x) = x4 –7x3 -6x2 + 7x + 5 = (x+1) (x-1) (x2 -7x -5)

C. Determine the polynomial function whose only zeros are

The number of turning points in the

f(x) = 3x2 f(x) = 2x f(x) = 1x3

f(x) = -3x f(x) = -6x5

Case 1: If n is odd AND the leading

When the multiplicity of a root is odd, the graph

Bring Graphing Paper

5. f(x) = (x-2)2 (x+2)2 Rising to the right 2 --- 2

7. f(x) =x4 – 2x3 -3x2 +4x + 4 Rising to the right 2 ---- 2

1. Graph P(x) = x 3 -2x 2 -3x

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