COMPUTER NETWORKS

Magelyn B. Villanueva
What is Computer Network?
 A computer network is an interconnected group of
computers.
 A network is a collection of computers and related
equipment (printers, webcams, game consoles, etc.)
connected so that data can move between them.
 a network is any method of sharing information
between two systems (human or mechanical)
Human Networks
Family Network
Most people belong to a family network in
which related people share their
resources and information. This sharing is
bi-directional because even the youngest
family members share information of
some sort. As the family grows, so does
the network.
Human Networks
Peer Network
This kind of network is represented by a
two-way relationship, a give and take
among equals or peers
Human Networks
Restaurant Network: The Client
and the Server
When you go to dinner at a restaurant, you become a
customer, or client, enjoying the food and drink
prepared and served to you by the restaurant. On the
other hand, the waiter works as a server, controlling
and providing his customers with access to resources
in the form of placing orders for and delivering food
items. The server knows that requests will be made of
him (access is sought when an order is placed) and
that he will service those making the requests (access
is granted when the
order is delivered)
Human Networks
Contact Network
Anyone who has looked for a job knows that one of the
best ways to find a job is to network. That is, create a
list of friends and associates who will help
you find the perfect job. The more people you meet
and get to know, the better your chances of obtaining
work.
BENEFITS OF SHARING INFORMATION VIA NETWORK

In addition to reducing hardware costs by sharing expensive printers and

other peripherals among multiple users, networks provide additional
benefits to the users.

 Facilitate Communication
 Share Hardware
 Share Data Information
 Share Software
 Transfer Funds
 Remote-control programs can be used to troubleshoot problems or
show new users how to perform a task
VALUE- ADDED NE TWORK
Instead of using the Internet or investing in and administering
an internal network, some companies hire a value-added
network provider for network functions.
A value-added network (VAN) provider is a third-party
business that provides network services such as EDI services,
secure data and information transfer, storage, or email. A VAN
is a closed network, which means only members of the
network can access the data. Typical provider of VANs includes
the telecommunication companies, industry groups and
specialized service providers.
 NETWORK TOPOLOGY
 Network Topology signifies the way in which intelligent devices
in the network see their logical relations to one another. The
use of the term "logical" here is significant. That is, network
topology is independent of the "physical" layout of the network
 Refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a
communication network. The three basic network topologies
are star, bus and ring. Most networks, including the internet,
use the combinations of these basic topologies.
 1.BUS TOPOLOGY
It is often used when network installation is small,
simple or temporary. On a typical bus network the
cable is just 1 or more wires with no active
electronics to amplify the signal or pass it along from
computer to computer. This makes the bus a passive
topology. When 1 computer sends a signal up the
wire all the computers receive the information but
only one with the address that matches accepts the
information, the rest disregard the message
 Bus Topology: Advantages
1) Easy to use and to understand.
2) Requires least amount of cable to connect the
computers together. It is therefore less expensive
than other cabling arrangements.
3) It is easy to extend a bus; two cables can be
joined into 1 longer cable with a BNC, Barrel
connector making a longer cable and allowing more
computers to join the network
 Bus Topology: Disadvantages
1) Heavy network traffic can slow a bus
considerably as only 1 computer can send a
message at a time.
2) It is difficult to troubleshoot the bus. A cable
break or loose connector causes
reflection and stops all the activity.
 2. STAR TOPOLOGY
In this kind of topology all the cables run from the
computers to the central location where they are all
connected by a device called hub or switch. Each
computer on a star network communicates with a
central device that resends the message either to
each computer or only to the destination computer,
example if it is a hub then it will send to all and if it is
a switch then it will send to only destination
computer. When network expansion is expected and
when the greater reliability is needed, star topology
is the best.
 2. STAR TOPOLOGY
 Any devices or computers connected to a
network is called a node.
 All the data that has been transmitted from one
node will pass through the central device
before reaching the other node.
 Nodes can be added or removed from the
network with little or no disruption to the
entire network.
 Star network are fairly easy to install and
maintain.
Star Topology: Advantages

1) It is easy to modify and add new computers

without disturbing the rest of the network.
2) The center of the star network is a good place
to diagnose the faults.
3) Single computer failure does not necessarily
bring down the whole star network.
Star Topology: Disadvantages

1) If the central device fails, the whole network

fails to operate.
2) Star networking is expensive because all
network cables must be pulled to one central
point, requires more cable than other network
topologies
 3. RING TOPOLOGY
In this type each computer is connected to
the next computer with the last one
connected to the first. Each retransmits what
it receives from the previous computer. The
message flows around the ring in one
direction. The ring network does not subject
to signal loss problem as a bus network
experiences. There is no termination because
there is no end to the ring.
RING TOPOLOGY: Advantages

1) Each node has equal access.

2) Capable of high speed data transfer
RING TOPOLOGY: Disadvantages

1) Failure of one computer on the ring can affect the

whole network.
2) Difficult to troubleshoot the network.
Thank You