Nhậ n biết 36

Thô ng hiểu 8
Vậ n dụ ng 1

1. Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large
molecules into smaller ones? (NB)
A) catalysis
B) metabolism
C) anabolism
D) dehydration
E) catabolism

2. Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism? (TH)

A) Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.
B) It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when
hydrolyzed, releases free energy.
D) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two.
E) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis.

3. Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP? (NB)

A) a pentose sugar
B) a DNA nucleotide
C) an RNA nucleotide
D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached
E) a phospholipid

4. -S-S- bonds are found in which structure of proteins (NB)

A) Primarily chain
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Both A and C
E) Both A and B

5. The energy currency of the cell is _________. (NB)

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) ATP
D) Amino acid
E) Phospholipid
6. The units of proteins which unite in long chains to form proteins, are called as
(NB)
A) Amino acids
B) Sugar
C) DNA
D) Purines
E) Pyrimidines

7. Which of the following is a milk protein? (NB)

A) Casein
B) Myosin
C) Pepsin
D) Lactose
E) Lactogen

8. The fibrous protein is/are? (NB)

A) Keratin
B) Myosin
C) Elastin
D) Lactogen
E) All

9. The protein that contains O is/are? (NB)

2

A) Keratin
B) Myosin
C) Elastin
D) Lactogen
E) All

10. Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? (NB)

A) mitochondrial matrix
B) mitochondrial outer membrane
C) mitochondrial inner membrane
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space
E) cytosol

11. Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for 24
hours would be expected to reveal high levels of (VD)
A) insulin.
B) glucagon.
C) secretin.
D) gastrin.
E) glucose.

12. The amino acid tyrosine is a starting substrate for the synthesis of (NB)
A) epinephrine.
B) steroid hormones.
C) parathyroid hormone.
D) vitamin D.
E) acetylcholine

13. A disease that destroys the adrenal cortex should lead to an increase in the
plasma levels of
A) glucocorticoid hormones. (NB)
B) epinephrine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) glucose.
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

14. In response to stress, the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from
non-carbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone (NB)
A) glucagon.
B) thyroxine.
C) epinephrine.
D) cortisol.
E) ACTH.

15. Melatonin is secreted by (NB)

A) the hypothalamus during the day.
B) the pineal gland during the night.
C) the autonomic nervous system during the winter.
D) the posterior pituitary gland during the day.
E) the thyroid gland during cold seasons.

16. After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, the mammalian pancreas increases its
secretion of (TH)
A) ecdysone.
B) glucagon.
C) thyroxine.
D) oxytocin.
E) insulin.
17. The higher level of metabolic activity typical of non-hibernating temperate
mammals during the winter months is due to increased secretion of (TH)
A) ecdysone.
B) glucagon.
C) thyroxine.
D) oxytocin.
E) growth hormone.

18. Testosterone is an example of (NB)

A) an androgen.
B) an estrogen.
C) a progestin.
D) a catecholamine.
E) an adrenal steroid.

19. List the aliphatic amino acid? (NB)

A) Glutamate
B) Valine
C) Threonine
D) Cytosine
E) Cysteine

20. List the aromatic amino acid? (NB)

A) Glutamate
B) Valine
C) Threonine
D) Tyrosine
E) Cysteine

21. List the nonpolar amino acid side chain? (NB)

A) Glutamate
B) Valine
C) Histidine
D) Arginine
E) Aspartate

22. Each amino acid has: (NB)

A) –NH2; –COOH; side chain
B) –NH2; –COOH; –H; side chain
C) –NH2; –COOH; distinctive side chain
D) –NH2; –COOH; –H; distinctive side chain
23. All amino acids in proteins are of the L-configuration (NB)
A) True
B) False

24. Which method determined the three-dimensional structure of proteins (NB)

A) Lipid extraction
B) X-ray
C) HPLC
D) LC/MS

25. Which statement is corrected? (TH)

A) Cholesterol is both supplied with the diet and synthesized from acetyl-CoA
B) Cholesterol is only supplied with the diet
C) Cholesterol is only synthesized from acetyl-CoA
D) Cholesterol is only derived from vitamin D

26. Steroid hormone synthesis is branched from (TH)

A) Cholesterol, Cortisol, Testosterone
B) Cholesterol, Vitamin D, Testosterone
C) Cholesterol, Cortisol, Estrogen
D) Vitamin D, Cortisol, Testosterone

27. Plasma cholesterol concentration depends on (TH)

A) LDL delivery from liver to organs and HDL recollection in liver
B) VLDL delivery from liver to organs and LDL recollection in liver
C) HDL delivery from liver to organs and LDL recollection in liver
D) LDL delivery from liver to organs and LDL recollection in liver

28. Vitamin A is toxic in excess (NB)

A) True
B) False

29. Vitamin K is a membrane antioxidant (NB)

A) True
B) False

30. Vitamin C is necessary for blood clotting (NB)

A) True
B) False

31. Fat-soluble vitamin (NB)

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin B1
D) Vitamin B6

32. Water-soluble vitamin (NB)

A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin B6

33. ____ deficiency causes pernicious anemia (NB)

A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin A

34. The function of vitamin B12 needs to be considered together with _____. (NB)
A) Vitamin B1
B) 13-cis retinoic acid
C) Folate
D) Malate

35. ______ characteristic of vitamin B12 deficiency (NB)

A) Megaloblastic anemia
B) Scurvy
C) Immunodeficiency
D) Blindness

36. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is required for FMN and ____ synthesis (NB)
A) FAD
B) NAD
C) Amino acids
D) Cholesterol

37. _____, the pentose sugar in ribonucleic acid (RNA) (NB)

A) 2-Deoxy ribose
B) Ribose
C) Glucosamine
D) Sorbitol
38. _____, the deoxypentose in DNA (NB)
A) 2-Deoxy ribose
B) Ribose
C) Glucosamine
D) Sorbitol

39. _______, an amino sugar; N-acetylglucosamine (NB)

A) 2-Deoxy ribose
B) Ribose
C) Glucosamine
D) Sorbitol

40. _______, a phosphate ester of glucose (TH)

A) 2-Deoxy ribose
B) Ribose
C) Glucosamine
D) Glucose- 6-phosphate

41. _____ exist in free form and as components of more complex lipids (TH)

A) Fatty acids
B) Ribose
C) Glucosamine
D) Glucose- 6-phosphate

42. _____ (milk sugar) (NB)

A) Lactose
B) Maltose
C) Sucrose
D) Glucose

43._____, a three-carbon carboxylic acid, is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis

(NB)

A) Lactate
B) Maltose
C) Pyruvate
D) Glucose

44. LDH regenerates NAD+ consumed in the GAPDH reaction, producing _____, the
end product of anaerobic glycolysis (NB)

A) Lactate
B) Maltose
C) Pyruvate
D) Glucose

45. The ______ contains 20,000–25,000 different protein coding genes spread over 23
chromosome pairs. (NB)
A) Human genome
B) Transcriptome
C) Proteome
D) Polymer