6-061 Jungbauer Pre

Measurements
of individual chiller systems compared to

District Cooling solu8ons

Johannes Jungbauer
European Affairs Officer
Johannes.jungbauer@euroheat.org

Measurements of individual chiller systems compared to District Cooling solu8ons -‐ eceee Summer Study 2011
Before we start…
Reduce
Recycle
Replace
Introduc8on
Why did we conduct study?

A growing demand for air-‐condi:oning

A central requirement: Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency raises two ques:ons:
• Measure and control the efficiency of exis:ng systems
• Develop ever more energy efficient systems

A common issue:
•How to measure effec8ve energy efficiency of a chilled water produc8on system ?
•Lack of informa8on
Exis8ng Indicators…
Nominal COP / EER : performance energy indicators as defined by

Available
manufacturers based on nominal working condi:ons

ESEER / SEER : Nomina:ve performance energy indicators taking
into account par:al loading rates (seasonal)
to be compared with real measures

Measured COP / EER : Cooling energy produced along the year, compared
to all energy used in produc:on system
Problem is… lack of measures !
Yearly efficiency of cooling system
Chiller + addi:onal
equipments
Chiller
COP
EER
SEER
Instrumenta8on and measures on a series of
chilled water produc8on systems
• 12 chilled water plants
• 7 in Paris (France), 4 in Helsinki (Finland), 1 in Gothenburg (Sweden)
• Performance measurements carried out over a long period of 8me (minimum
one year)
• e.g. Hospitals, Banks, Museum, Commercial buildings
• Range of cooling power

• 100 to 1500 kW
• Measurements equipments (per instrumented plant)

• Data acquisitors
• Flow meters
• Waa meters
• Temperature sensors
Methods used for measuring
Condensor
power
Electrical Evaporator
power power
• Measurement of all electrical consumption of each machine
• Measurement of all thermic power exchanged
• Recording of values every 10 minutes
Some measurements…
Results A Results B
4 4
EER and Nb of chillers

40%
EER and nb of chillers
40%
3 3
Loading rate
Loading rate
30% 30%
2 2
20% 20%
1 10% 1 10%
0 0% 0 0%
July
Nov.
June
Janu-08
Janu-09
Aug.
July
May
March
March
Nov.
Oct.
Dec.
Apr.
Feb.
Feb.
Sept.
June
Janu-08
Janu-09
Aug.
May
March
March
Oct.
Dec.
Apr.
Feb.
Sept.
Feb.
EER Nb of chillers Loading rate Nb of chillers EER Loading rate
Results C Results D
EER and Average nb of
4 4
EER and nb of chillers

40% 40%
3
Loading rate
3
Loading rate
30% 30%
chillers
2 20% 2
20%
1 10% 1 10%
0 0% 0 0%
nov.
June
Janu-09
May
March
aug-08
April
oct.
sept.
dec.
Feb.
Nov.
June
Janu-09
May
March
Aug-08
April
Oct.
Dec.
Feb.
Sept.
EER Nb of chillers Loading rate EER Average nb of chillers Loading rate
Synthe8c results
EER
Strong disparity between measurements carried out and chillers nominal

performances
All indicators tell the truth… but not the same truth
Distribu8on of electrical energy consump8on
Other
9%
Condensor
Chillers
pumps
51%
8%
Evaporator
primary pumps
19%
Cooling towers
13%
Chillers : only 51% of the total energy consump8on
2
Energy to other systems mul:plied by PEF
of replaced energy (The result is replaced
primary energy)
1
Every different
energy mul:plied by PEF (heat) PEF (elect.) PEF (fuel)

its own PEF
3
Electricity Heat Elect. Fuel Cooling energy sold to
PEF (elect.) the customers
Cold Energy out that replaces
Primary
PEF (cold) energy
energy supply in other
Heat systems
to DC
PEF (heat) system District cooling
Fuel PEF (fuel) system

1 -‐ 2
Primary energy in to
the DC system -‐ Replaced primary energy
in other systems
PEF = =
Cooling energy sold to the
3 customers
District Cooling results
1
0,9
0,8
0,7
PEF value
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
Helsinki Gothenburg Barcelona Vienna Copenhagen
District Cooling
Considering a standard primary energy factor of
2.5 for electricity the EER of individual systems is
converted into PEF

1
PEF = X 2.5
EER
District Cooling compared to individual chiller systems
3,5
3
2,5
PEF value
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
Helsinki
Barcelona
Helsinki D
Vienna
Paris D
Copenhagen
Paris A
Gothenburg
Helsinki A
Paris B
Helsinki B
Paris C
Helsinki C
District Cooling Individual chiller
Conclusions
• Real Energy Efficiency calcula:on: requires measurements
carried out over a long period of :me (min 1 year)
• Lack of measurement instruments on most of the
installa:ons
•Large impact of opera:ng paYerns on effec:ve
performances
• Chillers represent only 50 % of the global consump:on
•District Cooling Installa:ons are more efficient than
individual solu:ons
•Lack of informa:on has sever consequences
Energy efficiency requires instrumentation,

measurements and accurate operations
Thank you for your attention…
www.euroheat.org

6-061 Jungbauer Pre

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

6-061 Jungbauer Pre

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Measurements

of individual chiller systems compared to

Why did we conduct study?

Nominal COP / EER : performance energy indicators as deﬁned by

manufacturers based on nominal working condi:ons

to be compared with real measures

Problem is… lack of measures !

• Range of cooling power

• Measurements equipments (per instrumented plant)

• Measurement of all electrical consumption of each machine

• Measurement of all thermic power exchanged

• Recording of values every 10 minutes

EER and Nb of chillers

EER and nb of chillers

Strong disparity between measurements carried out and chillers nominal

Chillers : only 51% of the total energy consump8on

Energy efficiency requires instrumentation,

You might also like