TEST 02

Section 1
Read the article on exercise. For questions 1–7, choose the correct answer (A, B
or C).

Get active!

Nowadays, more and more people are sitting and working in offices. Our stressful
lives are now very different from the past. A hundred years ago, people used to do
more physical work and they were healthier because of this. Today, many people
have health problems simply because they don’t move around enough. This needs to
change.

One great form of exercise is yoga. It is good for people who don’t exercise a lot
because the movements are not fast. This can help people become more active and
stop back problems that people who work in offices often have. Yoga alone isn’t
enough. People need to do other exercise too. Going to the gym isn’t pleasant for
everybody, but you don’t have to go to the gym. Walking is a great exercise and it’s
free. Try to walk at least an hour a day, and you will feel much better. You could do
this rather than catch the bus. Also, break with your old, unhealthy, routine. For
example, take the stairs rather than taking the lift. Within weeks, you will feel so
much better!

It's also a good idea to think about how you can reduce stress. It’s important to do
things that you enjoy, but be careful. Too much time watching the TV can make you
feel worse, even if it is something you like doing. Hobbies that make you feel calm,
happy, and, most of all, give you energy are perfect. Do you like photography? Then
don’t just look at photos on the internet, spend some time outside taking photos! Do
you like films? Don’t just stay in your living room, try and go out to the cinema with
friends. Hobbies where we can get out of the house and move around are always
better for us in the end.

1 Compared to people now, people in the past were …

A more active.
B less healthy.
C more hardworking.
2 What is the reason for many health problems today?
A Too much travelling
B Lack of exercise
C Stressful jobs
3 Why is yoga good for people that don’t exercise?
A It’s easy.
B It’s free.
C It’s slow.
4 The writer says that going to the gym …
A is unnecessary.
B is expensive.
C is unpleasant.
5 You can get fitter by …
A making small changes.
B taking breaks from work.
C travelling more often.
6 What does the writer think about hobbies?
A They always make us feel good.
B They always reduce stress.
C They are not always good for you.
7 What kind of hobbies are the best?
A Exciting hobbies
B Active hobbies
C Relaxing hobbies

Read the article. For questions 8-15, choose from the people A–D. The people
may be chosen more than once.Which person …

Flying into the future

Space travel used to be the stuff of science fiction movies, however, nowadays
several companies suggest that it may happen sooner than we thought. While the
more adventurous are likely to jump at the chance of such an exciting experience,
others may be less enthusiastic. We asked four people to give us their views on space
travel.
A: James, 34
It’s an interesting question, and not one that I’ve spent a great deal of time thinking
about. I’m not sure I truly believe that space travel will be likely in my lifetime. I
know some people think we will all be flying around space soon, but I’m rather
doubtful about these predictions. I think it’s more complicated than it seems.
Although the planes that the military use can fly much higher up in the atmosphere
than commercial aircraft, this is not the same as travelling through the atmosphere
into space. The way that airplanes and rockets are built is also very different and I
don’t believe that technology will advance fast enough to make space travel
affordable in my lifetime. Some of the tech billionaires who have space travel
companies, like Elon Musk, are confident space travel will happen soon, but many
scientists seem less enthusiastic about the idea. As far as I’m concerned, the scientists
are more likely to be right.
B: Yoshie, 27
I can see the attraction of something like a space flight. It would be amazing to fly up
into space in a rocket and look back at the Earth and I’ve heard some astronauts say
how they felt quite overwhelmed by the sight. I would love to experience something
like that. I’ve always been interested in space since I was a child and I wish I had
been around to see the moon landings on TV. My grandparents say that it was quite
amazing to watch. An aspect which worries me though is safety. There are a lot of
things that could potentially go wrong and I think that I might worry too much. For
example, there’s a risk of radiation or of the space craft being hit by cosmic rays. In
order for me to seriously consider taking a trip, I would want to feel extremely safe so
I definitely wouldn’t be first in the queue!
C: Leyla, 45
There have been some reports of space travel becoming a reality on the news
recently. Progress in technology and materials science is being made so quickly and
some companies estimate that people could be regularly travelling into space before
the middle of the century. A few companies even think that it could be possible
within a decade or so, but it’s worth remembering that governments have invested
little in space travel recently and it would need an enormous amount of financial
expenditure, not to mention time. In many parts of the world, governments change
often, which can stop progress on these large-scale projects. Also, if we consider the
countries which have the resources, we can see that there aren’t many that would be
able to take on a project of this scale. However, if governments wanted space travel
to become a reality, I’m sure places like the USA or China would surely find the
money from somewhere. If I had the opportunity to take a space flight, I’d probably
say yes, but I imagine it’ll be too expensive for me.
D: Nico, 18
In my view, space travel is not something that human beings should be focused on. It
would use much more energy than travelling by plane does at the moment, so it is
extremely bad for the environment. Some space travel companies have received
strong criticism from environmental campaigners who say that only rich people want
this. For me, there are other things that we should be focusing on such as climate
change and poverty. If we spent more money on these problems first, the world
would be a better place for everyone. I understand that exploring space brings
benefits to society, but astronauts exploring space is not the same as space tourism.
As we know from tourism on Earth, it causes a lot of pollution and it would be no
different in space. Having millions of people flying around in rockets is likely to
magnify the issue. The atmosphere is polluted more than enough already.
8 … says that space travel would require a great deal of resources? _____
C

9 … thinks travelling in space for pleasure should not be a priority? _____

D
B
10 … talks about other people’s past experiences of space travel? _____
11 … thinks space travel is unlikely to become a reality in the near _____
A

future?
12 … believes space tourism will increase the amount of pollution _____
D

in space?
13 … explains some of the differences between two different types _____
A

of air transport?
14 … is concerned about some of the dangers of travelling in _____
B

space?
15 ... talks about some of the space travel predictions made by _____
C

companies?
Section 3
For questions 16–25, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap.

An incredible inventor who changed road safety

For reasons of safety, traffic in many places around the world is carefully controlled.
Since the invention of motor cars, traffic jams and accidents have persisted. Even
predating the motor car, in capital cities such as London the same problems existed
with more traditional horse-drawn modes of transport. However, controls have long
been in place as a way to ease (16) ____ and limit the likelihood of injury. These
controls originally took the form of police officers waving and halting traffic at busy
junctions.
By the early 1900s, there were a (17) ____ of designs for traffic lights, ranging from
wooden signs alternately displaying ‘stop’ and ‘move’ at junctions, to red and green
gas lights to indicate when cars should go. However, one man, Garrett Morgan, did
not consider these systems to be adequate. He identified a crucial (18) ____ to the
present system, and thus the three-way traffic light was born.

Garrett Morgan, born in 1877, grew up in Kentucky and Ohio, and was the seventh of
eleven children. The family were by no means (19) ____, and, not having the
opportunity to attend high school, he did odd jobs from an early age and found
employment repairing sewing machines in factories. He came to realise that his
talents lay in engineering and established his own sewing machine factory.
Subsequently, he forged (20) ____ with developing new and innovative equipment,
and in no time at all he became a trailblazer in engineering.

Because of his success in local business, he became one of the few people to possess
a car when the roads were still full of older forms of transport, and it was here that his
most famous invention came (21) ____. While there were traffic signals at this time,
they were inadequate. Morgan couldn’t help but note the number of accidents caused
by the sudden traffic flow changes. This is when he had his (22) ____ – the idea of a
warning signal, between red and green, commonly known these days as an amber
light.

It was also used when flashing amber to indicate that the junction was quiet, so
drivers could (23) ____, but with care. These innovations changed the way people
drive and have unquestionably made the roads safer. In fact, the three-way traffic
light is a (24) ____ feature of road safety in many countries. Morgan’s contributions
did not stop there though. Amongst his many other inventions, he developed a smoke
hood which kept firefighters safe from (25) ____. Morgan’s advancements worked as
blueprints for further safety developments which continue to save lives now.
16 A residue B congestion C obstacles D restriction
17 A breadth B fortune C mass D wealth
18 A enhancement B attribute C progression D precedence
19 A immense B undervalued C eligible D affluent
20 A across B ahead C beyond D about
21 A around B over C about D across
22 A clarification B outcome C breakthrough D setback
23 A proceed B navigate C persist D launch
24 A credible B straightforward C distinctive D viable
25 A steam B moisture C haze D fumes

THE END