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CAPE HISTORY UNIT ONE Final


dismantlement of slave
systems, 1807 1886 nn
Feb 4, 2016 • 4 likes • 1,993 views

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CAPE HISTORY UNIT ONE Final dismantlement of


slave systems, 1807 1886 nn
1. Final Dismantlement of slave systems, 1807-1886 The
abolition of the trans-atlantic trade in Africans.
2. Lest you forget- Doris Hamilton-Willie • Reasons for
passing of Act to abolish Slave trade • A) hard work of
Abolitionists. • B) Establishment of Continental blaockade by
napoleon Bonaparte during napoleonic wars.( glut of sugar
on british market which meant fall in price. • C) Planters in
older colonies supported abolition.( fearing competition from
newer colonies)
3. Reasons for passing of abolition of slave trade act. •
British slave traders supplied slaves to foreign territorries and
provided competition for British West indian sugar
production. • The death of British Prime Minister , William Pitt
in 1806 cleared the way for appointment of men who
supported the abolition movement. (William
WyndhamGrenville, PM , and foreign secretary Charles James
Fox )
4. From Columbus to castro- Eric Williams • Abolition of slave
trade ; • 1803 Denmark • 1807 Britain • 1817 France • 1818
Holland • 1820 Spain • 1824 Sweden • Abolition of slavery: •
1833 Britain • 1846 Sweden • 1848 France • 1863 Holland •
1873 Puerto Rico • 1880 Cuba
5. State of Jamaican plantation sector prior to 1807 •
Between 1799 and 1807-65 plantations abandoned, 32 sold
due to bankruptcy • 1806 –price of sugar less than cost of
production.
6. Freedom Delayed: Verene Shepherd • Opposition to the
Transatlantic Trade in Africans by: • Slave Activists: In Africa,
On middle passage, on plantations. Strategies included
running away, everyday acts of sabotage, wars of resistance. •
White Activists:broad- based alliance of religious sects,
politicians, philosophers, intellectuals, industrialists,
workers’ organisations and women’s groups. Religious
groups included Baptists, methodists, Moravians and
Quakers.
7. Opposition to TTA: White Activists cont’d • Society for the
abolition of the Slave Trade formed in 1787 by Granville
Sharpe and Thomas Clarkson. • Adam Smith, -Economist-(
The Wealth of Nations) • Influential whites included: Thomas
Fowell Buxton, George Fox, John Wesley, Joseph Sturge,
Josiah Wedgewood, Joseph Woods,James Phillips,Joseph
Hooper, George Harrison, John Barton
8. Women Activists • Women contributed approximately 10
% of financial support of the Society for The Abolition of the
Slave trade. • Women included:Mary Birkett, Hannah Moore,
Mary Wollstonecra!. • A considerable body of working and
middle class women were involved in the campaign from its
early stages. • Stategies used by women included speaking
out against the TTA, boycotting slave grown produce and
writing anti-slavery tracts.
9. Black Activists • Ignatius Sancho-went to England at age 2
in 1731. ( First African to vote in Britain). He was a popular
shopkeeper. First African prose writer to have his work
published in England. Vocal opponent of tra"icking in
Africans.Wrote numerous letters soliciting support against
the slave trade. • Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa-
kidnapped in Africa at age 11. Eventually bought his freedom
from his third master, a Quaker. He wrote and published his
abolitionist autobiography and best seller, The Interesting
narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa,
The African. He travelled extensively around Britain giving
talks about the evils of the TTA.
10. Black Activists, Cont’d • Ottabah Cugoano- First
published African critic of the TTA. Kidnapped in Ghana and
enslaved . Migrated from Grenada to England around 1752
and given his freedom. Published in 1787,”Thoughts and
Sentiments of the Evil and Wicked tra"ic of the Slavery nd
Commerce of the human Species. “He wrote that enslaved
people had both the moral right and moral duty to resist their
masters. • “Sons of Africa” group of Africans in London who
gave support to abolition movement. • Testimonies of slaves-
exposed by abolitionists • Black Activists included: Robert
mandeville,Thomas Cooper, Jasper Goree and William
Greene.
11. Role of Haiti • St. Domingue Revolution of 1791 led to
emancipation and Haitian independence. • Haitian
constitution of 1805 declared that any enslaved person who
arrived in Haiti would be declared a citizen. This e"ectively
abolished slavery and replaced it with citizenship. • Haiti
became the Atlantic symbol of black redemption and
liberation.
12. Liberties Lost- Verene Shepherd • European Abolitionist
Movements • French Abolitionist Movement influenced by
Marie Jean Condorcet, Antoine Lavosier, Jacques-Pierre
Brissot, Honors Mirabeau, Etienne Claviere, Louis-Alexandra
La Rochefoucauld and Jerome Petion. • 1791- French national
assembly debated and condemmed both the transatlantic
slave trading and colonial slave owning. • Declared that any
person who arrived on French soil would be free of slavery. •
French govt. distinguished between slave trading and slave
owning. • 1794 Convention in paris abolished slavery. • Slave
trading continued under law.
13. Legislating Abolition • An act of the British Parliament
was needed to end the slave trade. • Petitions started to reach
the Parliament around 1776. • In 1776 Davis Hartley
presented the first Bill against slavery and the TTA. This was
rejected. • In 1783 the house of Commons next debated a bill
to abolish the TTA on “moral grounds”. This was not
supported as it was the view of the majority of members that
slavery was too important to the economy of the British
empire for the TTA to end. • 1787- Founding of a Committee
for E"ecting the Abolition of the Slave trade “-2- phased
approach taken: first abolition of trade then abolition of
slavery.
14. Legislating abolition, cont’d • 1781- William Wilberforce
introduced bill to abolish TTA ( defeated by 163 votes to 88). •
1804-House of Commons passed “ Slave Abolition Bill” –
thrown out by House of Lords. • 1805-Prime Minister, William
Pitt secured Order- In-Council indicating that as of 1806
certain Crown Colonies, would not longer be allowed to
import Africans.( William Pitt died in 1806) • Government of
new Prime Minister, Lord Grenville was opposed to TTA.
15. Legislating Abolition Cont’d • 1806 –Resolution moved
by Charles Fox for the immediate and total abolition of the
slave trade. • 1807-Slave trade Abolition Bill was passed in the
House of lords by 40 votes to 20. Became law in May 1807 and
became e"ective 1st january 1808. • The exception to this Act:
ships which were already cleared to trade Africans. These
ships could operate until march 1808.
16. Responses to Abolition • English slavers sailed under
flags of other countries that still had slave trade , eg. France,
Spain, Portugal. • Slave captains o!en threw human cargo
overboard if they were discovered by British navy. • In 1811
the British govt. increased the penalties for these o"ences in
hope of reducing these activities. • Haitian govt. patrolled the
high seas and freed the slaves and granted them Haitian
citizenship, eg. Spanish ship Dos Unidos, in 1819.
17. French Abolitionist Movement • Influential persons:
Marie Jean Condorcet,Antoine Lavoisier, Jacques-Pierre
Brissot, Honors Mirabeau,Etienne Clavier, Louis-alexandre La
Rochefoucauld, Jerome Petion. • 1791-French national
Assembly debated and condemmed both TTA and colonial
slave owning. • Declared that any person who arrived on
French soil would be free of slavery. • French distinguished
between slave trading and slave ownership. • 1794-
Convention in Paris abolished slavery but continued slave
trading.
18. Danish Abolition • 1792-Danish govt. declared that from
1803 slave trade would be prohibited in its colonies. • Danish
colonies, St. Croix and St. thomas stocked up on slaves by
importing large amounts. • Danish govt’s position was that
economic benefits of slave trade had fallen to low level and
was no longer worth the moral and political criticism and
outrage. • African forts were no longer profitable. • Danish
govt. recommended the breeding of creole slaves instead of
purchasing new African slaves. • Colonist encouraged to treat
slaves well and promote natural increase.
19. Past paper questions • Assess the factors that
contributed to the abolition of the trans- Atlantic trade in
Africans to the Caribbean. ( 2008) • Discuss the view that a
combination of developments and ideas brought about the
abolition of slavery in the British caribbean.(2002)
20. American Abolition Movement • 1780’s many states eg.
Carolinas , Maryland and Virginia outlawed the importation
of enslaved persons from Africa. • 1778-Legislature of
massachusetts debated an anti-human trade bill. • 1778-
Virginians voted to free all illegally imported Africans.

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