‫‪Electrostatics‬‬

‫‪Electric Circuits‬‬
‫‪Home installation‬‬
‫نسخة اليكرتونية ‪ pdf‬لالطالع فقط و غري معدةل للطباعة‬
‫تس هتكل مك كبري من الاحبار يف حال الطباعة‬
Lost electrons so
becomes
+vely charged

Gained electrons so
becomes
-vely charged
‫بنستخدم ال ‪ fuse‬لل ‪ safety‬علشان لو ال ‪ current‬زاد ال ‪ fuse‬يتحرق فيوقف ال ‪ current‬في ال ‪circuit‬‬
 ‫>>‬ ‫>>‬

‫> > >> > > > > >> > > > > >‬

‫> >> >‬

‫>> >‬
‫>>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>>>>‬

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‫> >>>‬
‫>> > >> > >> > >>‬ ‫> >>> > >> > >> > >> >‬

‫لو ال ‪ live wire‬لمس ال ‪ ….metal casing‬ال‪current‬‬

‫هيمشي في ال ‪earth wire‬بدل ما يمشي في جسمنا‬
 Nov 2018 Paper 2 Variant 2

electric field ‫الزم تكون حافظ اشكال ال‬

+ve ‫بيطلع من ال‬electric field ‫ال‬ electrostatics ‫في درس ال‬
-ve ‫يتجه ناحية ال‬
Nov 2018 Paper 2 Variant 2
 x2
R α L
As length doubles, x2
Resistance doubles.
L↑R↑ x 1/2
R α 1
A
As cross section doubles, x2
Resistance becomes half.
A x 1/4
A↑R↓ 1
R α d2
As diameter doubles, x2
Resistance becomes quarter.
Resistance depends on
d2↑R↓ d type of the wire.
 Nov 2018 Paper 2 Variant 2

V
 Nov 2018 Paper 2 Variant 3

x x
x x
x x
Nov 2018 Paper 2 Variant 3
I /A I /A

V /V
V /V
Fixed metallic bulb
resistor
Bulb heats up
It's resistance increase
Line bends near to the voltage axis
means increasing resistance
 Nov 2018 Paper 2 Variant 3

V
I
‫ في حاجة‬current ‫انا مش محتاج ال‬
‫في السؤال ده‬
Q

E
V= E=QxV = 1 x 16 = 16 J
Q
 V= E Q
I= V = IR
Q t
E = Pt
P = IV = I2R = V2 / R
E = IV t = I2R t = (V2 / R) t
Series connection ( 2 resistors) Parallel connection ( 2 resistors)
Rt = R1 + R2 Rt = product / sum
= (R1 . R2) / (R1 + R2)
Vt = V1 + V2 Vt = V1 = V2
It = I1 = I2 It = I1 + I2
 March 2019 Paper 2

electromotive force ‫ و ال‬potential difference ‫الفرق بين ال‬

energy taken ‫ هي‬potential difference ‫ان ال‬
energy supplied ‫ هي‬electromotive force ‫لكن ال‬

E Energy supplied
Electromotive force V =
Q to unit charge
March 2019 Paper 2
 ‫‪March 2019 Paper 2‬‬

‫ما يستحملش يشيل أكتر من ‪3 A‬‬

‫‪10A‬‬
 May 2019 Paper 2 Variant 1

E
v=
Q
1.5 V 1.5 J/C
 May 2019 Paper 2 Variant 2

Effect of length change Effect of cross section area change

x 1/2 x 1/2
1
R α L R α
A
x 1/2 x2

Rnew = Rold x½ x½

= 8.0 x ½ x½
= 2.0 Ω
 x2
R α L
As length doubles, x2
Resistance doubles.
L↑R↑ x 1/2
1
R α
A
As cross section doubles, x2
Resistance becomes half.
A x 1/4
A↑R↓ 1
R α
d2
As diameter doubles, x2
Resistance becomes quarter.
Resistance depends on
d2↑R↓ d type of the wire.
May 2019 Paper 2 Variant 2
May 2019 Paper 2 Variant 3
 May 2019 Paper 2 Variant 3

R1 x R2
Rparallel =
R1 + R2
2.0 x 2.0
=
2.0 + 2.0

Rtotal = 2.0 + 1.0 = 3.0 Ω = 1.0 Ω

V 12
V = IR I= = = 4.0 A
R 3.0
 Nov 2019 Paper 2 Variant 2

live wire ‫ الزم بيكون على ال‬switch ‫ او أي‬circuit breaker ‫ او‬fuse ‫أي‬
 Nov 2019 Paper 2 Variant 3

I Q

Q Q 120
I = t= = = 40 s
t I 3.0
 Nov 2019 Paper 2 Variant 3

2 Ω
2 Ω 2 Ω 2 Ω 2 Ω 2 Ω
2 Ω

1 Ω 4 Ω 6 Ω
 Nov 2019 Paper 2 Variant 3

e.m.f.
It
e.m.f. = V1 = V2 = V3
V1 I1

V2 I2 It = I1 + I2 + I3

V3 I3
 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 2

4.4 Ω 4.4 Ω

‫ مع بعض‬2 resistors ‫دي لل‬

V 2.2
V = IR R= = = 8.8 Ω
I 0.25
 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 2

I t E
V

E 120
E = Ix V x t V= = = 2.0 V
Ixt 2.0 x 30
 ‫‪May 2020 Paper 2 variant 2‬‬

‫‪x‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪x‬‬

‫لو اللمبة ‪ J‬اتحرقت اللمبة ‪ K‬واللمبة ‪ N‬هيطفوا‬

 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 2

R1 x R2
Rparallel =
R1 + R2
6.0 x 8.0
=
6.0 + 8.0

= 3.4 Ω

Rtotal = 3.4 Ω + 4.0 Ω = 7.4 Ω

 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 3

electrons ‫ فهتشد ال‬+ve ‫الكورة‬

 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 3

P = I2 x R = 2.02 x 8.0 = 32 W

V = IxR = 2.0 x 8.0 = 16 V

P = IxV = 2.0 x 16 = 32 W
 V= E Q
I= V = IR
Q t
E = Pt
P = IV = I2R = V2 / R
E = IV t = I2R t = (V2 / R) t
Series connection ( 2 resistors) Parallel connection ( 2 resistors)
Rt = R1 + R2 Rt = product / sum
= (R1 . R2) / (R1 + R2)
Vt = V1 + V2 Vt = V1 = V2
It = I1 = I2 It = I1 + I2
 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 3

current ‫ ال‬series ‫في ال‬

equal ‫بيكون‬
components ‫في كل ال‬
‫ مع بعض‬in series ‫اللي‬
 May 2020 Paper 2 variant 3

+ + + +
+ +
- -

ac current has
+ + +ve and –ve
values
‫ركز ان في ‪B‬‬
‫البطاريتين‬
‫عكس بعض‬
 ‫في ال ‪ series‬ال ‪ voltage‬بيتوزع‬
‫بنفس ‪ ratio‬ال ‪resistance‬‬
‫بياكلو‬ ‫بياكلو‬
‫‪8.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬ ‫‪10 Ω‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬
‫بياكلو‬ ‫بياكلو‬
‫‪5.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪?V‬‬ ‫‪6.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪?V‬‬

‫‪= 7.5 V‬‬ ‫‪= 7.2 V‬‬

‫بياكلو‬
‫‪6.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬ ‫بياكلو‬
‫بياكلو‬ ‫‪8.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪12 V‬‬
‫‪4.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪?V‬‬ ‫بياكلو‬
‫‪6.0 Ω‬‬ ‫‪?V‬‬

‫‪= 8.0 V‬‬ ‫‪= 9.0 V‬‬

 E
v=
Q
1.5 V 1.5 J/C
voltage axis ‫ األقرب لل‬line ‫ال‬
higher resistance ‫هو ال‬
‫ اكيد هو ال‬higher resistance ‫ال‬
thinner wire
‫ما دام ‪ charged‬يبقى اكيد ليها ‪electric field‬‬

‫ومادام هي على األرض يبقى اكيد هي في ال‬

‫‪ gravitational field‬بتاع ال ‪earth‬‬
 x2 x2
1
R α L R α
A
x2 x 1/2
twice ‫ يبقى‬length ‫لما ال‬ half ‫ يبقى‬area ‫لما ال‬
twice ‫ هو كمان‬resistance ‫يبقى ال‬ twice ‫ هيكون‬resistance ‫يبقى ال‬

R x2 x2
= 4R
 x2
R α L
As length doubles, x2
Resistance doubles.
L↑R↑ x 1/2
1
R α
A
As cross section doubles, x2
Resistance becomes half.
A x 1/4
A↑R↓ 1
R α
d2
As diameter doubles, x2
Resistance becomes quarter.
Resistance depends on
d2↑R↓ d type of the wire.
 E
v=
Q

E = V Q
 ‫ او‬fuse ‫أي‬
circuit breaker
‫ الزم‬switch ‫او أي‬
live ‫بيكون على ال‬
‫ وبعدين تيجي‬wire
lamp ‫ال‬
 ‫ال ‪ earth‬بيخلي‬
‫ناحيته مفيش‬
‫مينفعش يكون فيه ‪ +ve‬ناحية ال ‪+ve‬‬ ‫بيكون فيه ‪ -ve‬ناحية ال ‪+ve‬‬ ‫‪charge‬‬

‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫مينفعش يكون فيه ‪charge‬‬ ‫مينفعش يكون فيه ‪charge‬‬
‫مع ال ‪earth‬‬ ‫مع ال ‪earth‬‬
Voltmeter in parallel with lamp
Ammeter in series with lamp