You are on page 1of 111

SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Page 1 Wednesday, November 15, 2023


Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 2 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 3 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 4 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 5 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 6 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 7 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 8 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 10 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 11 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 12 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 13 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 14 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 15 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 16 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 17 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 18 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 19 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 20 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 21 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 22 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 23 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 24 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 25 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 26 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 27 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 28 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 29 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 30 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 31 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 32 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 33 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 34 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 35 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 36 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 37 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 38 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 39 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 40 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 41 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 42 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 43 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 44 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 45 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 46 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 47 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 48 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 49 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 50 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 51 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 52 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 53 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 54 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 55 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 56 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 57 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 58 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 59 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 60 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 61 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 62 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 63 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 64 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 65 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 66 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 67 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 68 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 69 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 70 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 71 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 72 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 73 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 74 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 75 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 76 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 77 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 78 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 79 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 80 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 81 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 82 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 83 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 84 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 85 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 86 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 87 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 88 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 89 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 90 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 91 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 92 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 93 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 94 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 95 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 96 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 97 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 98 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 99 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 100 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 101 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 102 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 103 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 104 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 105 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 106 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 107 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 108 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 109 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 110 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 111 Wednesday, November 15, 2023
Printed For: Dunna Bhavani Shankar Narayana, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You might also like