CAPE WINELANDS EDUCATION

DISTRICT

TOURISM
SURVIVAL GUIDE
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TOURISM GRADE 12
REVISION BOOKLET 2022
CAPE WINELANDS EDUCATION DISTRICT
TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
Global events • A global event is a happening or occurrence of international importance
because it will affect the whole world.
• A global event affects the whole economy of the country in which it is
hosted
The main • Income generation (money spent by visitors at the destination)
economic benefits • Investment in infrastructure and services (such as communication)
of global events • Job creation
• Foreign exchange income
The advantages a • Infrastructure development
global event holds • Investment
for the host • Income from foreign exchange
country • The multiplier effect
Disadvantages of • High cost of new infrastructure
global events for a • Disappointing investment and foreign exchange income
host country • Increased cost of goods and services
• Economic leakages
• Community opposition
Political situations • A political situation refers to what is happening in the politics of a
country.
• Examples: civil war, terrorism, general unrest
Unforeseen • Unforeseen occurrences are events that are unpredictable – we do not
occurrences expect or know that the event will take place.
• Examples: tsunamis, earthquakes and other natural disasters, the global
recession, diseases, accidents, and economic upsets
The impact of • Destruction of infrastructure
unforeseen • Destruction of flora, fauna, and ecosystems
occurrences • Cancellation of flights, rail, cruises, and road trips
• Cancellation of holidays
• Fewer tourists will visit the destination
• Less revenue will be generated
• Job losses

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO:

Ms. E Ferreira – original document

Ms. LG Ragadu – adaptation
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TOPIC: MAP WORK AND TOUR PLANNING
Itinerary • The itinerary specifies all aspects of a traveller’s programme day by day
• The itinerary indicates the planned activities, accommodation, meals,
transport and optional excursions.
World Health • A specialised agency of the United Nations Organisation and its main
Organisation concern is public health
• It provides support to countries and monitors global health trends
Vaccination • A vaccination is a preparation injected into the blood stream to
stimulate a protective immune response.
• A vaccination prevents a person from being infected with the disease if
they do come into contact with it
Compulsory • Are regulated (by the World Health Organisation) according to
vaccination identified threats found in some countries
• To contain the spreading of a high-risk disease
Recommended • A precautionary measure to ensure the health of individual tourists and
vaccination are optional
Malaria • Take preventive medicines
precautions • Apply insect repellent to exposed skin
• Close windows and doors at night unless they are screened
• Sleep under a mosquito net
• Wear long-sleeved tops, trousers and socks when going outdoors during
the evening.
Valid passport • A document issued by a national government that certifies the identity
(name, date of birth, gender and place of birth) and nationality of its
holder.
Visa • A stamp endorsed in the applicant’s passport giving the holder
permission to travel to, enter, transit or remain in a foreign country
Health certificate • A health certificate is a statement signed by a health-care provider
(such as a doctor) that proves the health of the bearer of the certificate.
• The health certificate is a booklet that travellers must produce as proof
that they have had the necessary vaccinations required to enter a
country.
International • Permits a tourist to drive in a foreign country
Driver’s Permit • Provides important information to validate the South African driver's
(IDP) license in many different languages.
• Car rental companies often request a valid IDP when driving abroad
Duty free goods • Duty free goods are goods that have been purchased at a duty-free
shop on which the tourist will not pay tax at customs
Prohibited goods • Prohibited goods are goods that, according to the law, may not be
brought into a country.
Green channel • The green channel is a route located in the customs area of an
international airport for passengers who have nothing to declare (those
who are carrying goods that are within the customs limits only/not
carrying prohibited items).
Red channel • The red channel is a route located in the customs area of an
international airport for passengers with goods to declare (those who
are carrying items above the permitted customs limit and/or carrying
prohibited items).
To declare • To state officially the goods that you have brought into a country at
customs.

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Daylight Savings • A practice of turning the clock one hour ahead of standard time at the
Time beginning of summer to gain extra daylight hours
Advantage of DST:
• More daylight time available to spend outdoors
• More time to participate in leisure activities, e.g. shopping
• Attractions opened for longer hours
Time Zone A region of the Earth where all the countries have adopted the same
standard time
Steps to follow 1. Locate the places on a world time zone map and determine their time
when doing time zones. The world time zone map is colour coded. This means that the
zone calculations: white/grey areas on the top of the map correspond with the colour of the
country.

2. Determine the number of hours difference between the TWO places.

3. Decide if you must add (going east) or subtract (going west) the number
of hours.

4. Add/subtract the number of hours and give the answer using the 24-hour
clock. Remember to include the day or date.

5. If the calculation requires DST, first add ONE hour to the time zone of the
place that uses DST. [If New York (-5) is used in the calculation, the time
zone should be adjusted by adding ONE hour, taking New York to -4]. Then
do the calculation as usual.

6. Calculations with flying time:

If you want to determine the arrival time ADD the flying time
If you want to determine the departure time SUBTRACT the flying time
Jet lag • Jet lag is a physical condition related to flying long distances over many
time zones (flying from east to west or west to east).
• It is related to the number of time zones a traveller crosses and not to
the length of the flight.
SYMPTOMS OF JET LAG:
• Insomnia
• Fatigue
• Irritability
• Interrupted sleep
• Discomfort in legs and feet
• Struggle to concentrate
• Constipation or diarrhoea
• Confusion and disorientation
• Dehydration
• Headaches
• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Dizziness
Jet fatigue • Jet fatigue is related to the length of the flight as many travellers feel
extreme tiredness after a long flight.
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TOPIC: WORLD ICONS 2022
ICON CITY, COUNTRY, DESCRIPTION OF THE REASON WHY IT IS AN
CONTINENT ICON ICON
City: JERUSALEM The Dome of the Rock is Part of the Old City of
THE DOME OF THE ROCK Country: ISRAEL an Islamic shrine built on Jerusalem.
Continent: ASIA a sacred rock. It is the
third most holy site in
TOURIST PROFILE: the world for Muslims
Religious after Mecca and Medina.
Cultural The Prophet
Sightseeing tourists Muhammad, the
founder of Islam, is
believed to have
ascended to heaven
from this site.

City: Old Quarter of The Wailing Wall, located The Wailing Wall is the
THE WAILING WALL Jerusalem on the west of the holiest place in Judaism
Country: ISRAEL Temple Mount in the old and thousands make
Continent: ASIA city of Jerusalem, is the pilgrimages there each
holiest Jewish Site in the year.
TOURIST PROFILE: World.
Religious
Cultural
Sightseeing tourists

THE PARTHENON (Athens) City: ATHENS The Parthenon is the It is a symbol of ancient
Country: GREECE remains of a 2 500-year- Greek civilisation and its
Continent: EUROPE old temple located on most famous surviving
the Acropolis, a hill building.
TOURIST PROFILE: overlooking the city of
Leisure Athens, Greece.
Cultural

THE TAH MAHAL (Agra) City: AGRA The Taj Mahal is Taj Mahal is regarded as
Country: INDIA constructed of white an architectural
Continent: ASIA marble. It was built by an masterpiece and one of
Indian ruler as a symbol the most beautiful
TOURIST PROFILE: of his everlasting love buildings in the world.
Cultural for his deceased wife.
Architecture The love story behind
the building of this
monument adds to the
popularity of this icon.
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BLUE MOSQUE City: ISTANBUL The Blue Mosque in The great architectural
Country: TURKEY Istanbul, Turkey, with its design of the mosque
Continent: MIDDLE cascading domes, reflects typical classical
EAST decorated with Ottoman aspects.
ceramic blue tiles on the
TOURIST PROFILE: inside, its courtyards and
Religious six minarets, is
Architecture considered one of the
Cultural most beautiful mosques
in the world.

City: PARIS The Eiffel Tower is the It has become a symbol

THE EIFFEL TOWER Country: FRANCE world’s most famous of freedom for the
Continent: EUROPE tower and a symbol of French.
Paris. It is the tallest
TOURIST PROFILE: structure in Paris and
Leisure the most-visited tourist
Architecture attraction in the world
Cultural that charges an
admission fee.

City: The French Riviera is one It has a spectacular

THE FRENCH RIVIERA MEDITERRANEAN of the most famous and coastline with many
SEA luxurious coastal resort beaches, a wonderful
Country: FRANCE areas in the world. It lies climate, museums, art
Continent: EUROPE on the Mediterranean galleries and vineyards.
coast of south-eastern
TOURIST PROFILE: France.
Leisure, SIT, Health

City: HONSHU Mount Fuji is the highest Well-known symbol of

MOUNT FUJI ISLAND mountain in Japan. This Japan. The top is snow-
Country: JAPAN volcanic mountain is capped for several
Continent: ASIA world famous for its near months of the year.
perfect symmetrical
TOURIST PROFILE: cone shape.
Adventure, SIT,
Youth
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City: YUCATáN Chichen Itza is the ruined Important archaeological

CHICHEN ITZA PENINSULA remains of a large, site providing
Country: MEXICO ancient Mayan city. It is information about the
Continent: NORTH one of the best- Mayan culture.
AMERICA preserved
archaeological sites of
TOURIST PROFILE: the ancient Mayan
Cultural, SIT, Youth civilisation.

City: PETRA This desert city, hidden One of the world’s

Country: JORDAN in a narrow valley richest and largest
PETRA Continent: MIDDLE between mountains, has archaeological sites.
EAST been carved from solid
rock, making it one of
TOURIST PROFILE: the most spectacular
SIT, Adventure ancient cities in the
world. Petra, which
means “rock” in Greek,
was constructed around
100 BC as the capital city
of the Nabateans, an
Arab
tribe.
Region: The rocky summit of Mount Everest is the
MOUNT EVEREST HIMALAYAS Mount Everest is covered highest mountain in the
Country: NEPAL with deep snow world.
Continent: ASIA throughout the year. The
peak is 8 848 m above
TOURIST PROFILE: sea level.
SIT, Adventure

City: MECCA Mecca, the most sacred Mecca is the centre of

MECCA Country: SAUDIA city of the Islam faith, is the Islamic world.
ARABIA the spiritual centre of all
Continent: MIDDLE Muslims. It is the
EAST birthplace of the
Prophet Muhammad,
TOURIST PROFILE: the founder of the
Religious tourists, Islamic faith, and the
Pilgrims focal point of Muslim
pilgrimage.
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THE SWISS ALPS (JUNGFRAU- Region:

ALETSCH) Between BERN & The Swiss Alps Jungfrau- The Swiss Alps is an icon
VALAIS Aletsch is a protected because of its beauty
Country: area in south-western and the wealth of
SWITZERLAND Switzerland. This information about the
Continent: EUROPE beautiful region has high formation of mountains
mountain peaks that are and glaciers
TOURIST PROFILE: permanently covered in
Adventure snow.
Mountaineers
Nature lovers
Leisure tourists

City: Windmills are one of the This site illustrates many

WINDMILLS KINDERDIJK main symbols associated features associated with
Country: with the Netherlands. the technology of
NETHERLANDS Not only are they handling water
Continent: EUROPE characteristic of the
Dutch landscape, they
TOURIST PROFILE: are also a symbol of the
Backpacking, Youth Dutch struggle against
water.

Factors • Excellent marketing of tourism products locally/or internationally

contributing to the • Sustainable and responsible management plans
success of a tourist • Efficiency and ethical behaviour of staff and management
attraction • Positive experience of visitors
• Safety and crime prevention
• General appearance and upkeep of the attraction
• Considering the needs of people with disabilities
• Universal access
Characteristics of a • Actual number of visitors exceeds the target number of visitors
successful tourist • Repeat visits
attraction • Income generated exceeds target figures
• Positive impact on local community and environment
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TOPIC: FOREIGN EXCHANGE

GDP • The value of all goods & services produced within a country in a year.
• The GDP is used to measure economic progress in a country
Benefits of GDP • Income generation
growth to SA • Employment / job creation
economy • Infrastructure improvement
• Skills development
Multiplier effect • The multiplier effect is when money, spent by tourists, filters down
through the economy benefitting employees and other businesses

Tourists spend money when traveling.

This money goes into the local economy.

This money is then spent by local businesses to purchase goods and pay
employees.

This re-spending of the money expands the local economy, creating the
multiplier effect.
The multiplier • The value of expenditure is multiplied and has a positive economic
effect and its link effect.
to the GDP • Money spent in a particular area helps to create jobs.
• The jobs, in turn, create demand for other products & services in the
local economy.
• Money therefore filters through to all levels of the economy.
The buying power • The amount of foreign currency you can buy with your Rand is referred
of the Rand to as the buying power of the rand.
• If the rand can buy a lot of the other currency, we say the rand is strong
in relation to the other currency.
• If the rand can only buy a little of a particular currency, we say that the
rand is weak in relation to that particular currency.
If the Rand is • The foreign tourists will receive less Rand’s for their currency
strong • Foreign tourists will have less money to spend
• Inbound tourists will visit for a shorter period or will not visit at all
• Tourism will contribute less to South Africa’s GDP and the economy will
decline
• Can lead to job losses
If the Rand is weak • More inbound tourists will visit SA
• Foreign tourists get more Rand’s for their currency
• Foreign tourists have more money to spend during their visit
• Foreign tourists will visit for longer periods
• This will lead to an increase in the GDP and will have a positive impact
on the economy
• It can lead to job creation
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Bank Selling Rate • The rate at which the foreign exchange dealers e.g. commercial banks,
will sell foreign currency
Bank Buying Rate • The rate at which the foreign exchange dealers e.g. commercial banks,
will buy foreign currency
When doing a What is the Bank doing with the foreign currency?
▪ Is the bank selling foreign currency? (BSR)
foreign exchange
▪ Is the bank buying foreign currency? (BBR)
calculation always
look at it from the
Bank’s position
Currency rate • A currency rate sheet is a list of the rates of exchange (RoE) at which
sheet foreign currencies are bought and sold.
• This rate will determine how much foreign currency you will receive,
when you exchange your money.
Convert a major
currency to the MULTIPLY by the Rate of Exchange e.g. USD150 × 14,83 = R2 224,50
South African Rand
(ZAR)
Convert the South
African Rand (ZAR) DIVIDE by the Rate of Exchange e.g. R15 000 ÷ 16,65 = € 900,90
to a major
currency
The effect of IF THE RAND IS STRONG
exchange rates on Outbound tourists:
international • South African outbound tourists will be more likely to travel to
tourism international destinations.
• Outbound travel will be more affordable.
Inbound tourists:
• South Africa will be regarded as an expensive destination.
• International inbound tourists may consider travel to cheaper, more
value for money destinations.
IF THE RAND IS WEAK
Outbound tourists:
• South African outbound tourists will find it expensive to travel to most
international destinations.
• South Africans will choose destinations where they will receive the
greatest value for their money.
Inbound tourists:
• Many international inbound travellers will visit South Africa.
• South Africa will be regarded as a value for money destination.
Fluctuations in • Changes in the value of a currency in relation to another currency.
▪ Currencies fluctuate based on supply and demand.
exchange rates
▪ Supply and demand are linked to various factors e.g. the country's
monetary policy, the rate of inflation, political and economic
conditions in the country.
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TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

Forms of payment • Electronic fund transfers (EFT)
when travelling • Telegraphic transfers (SWIFT transfers)
internationally • Bank drafts
• Internet payments
• Foreign bank notes (cash)
• Credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Diners Club)
• Traveller’s cheques
• Preloaded foreign currency debit cards (Cash Passport card /Travel
Wallet/International Travel Card)
Foreign market • The portion of the inbound tourism market that is controlled by a
share specific country
Land markets • Land markets are countries where at least 60% of arrivals from the
country arrive by land (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
Air markets • Air markets are those countries where at least 60% of arrivals from the
country arrive by air
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TOPIC: MARKETING
The importance of • Increase in annual volume of foreign arrivals to SA
marketing South • Increase in international awareness of South Africa as a travel
Africa destination
internationally
The core business • Marketing South Africa internationally as a tourism destination of
of SA Tourism choice
• Maintaining and enhancing the standard of facilities and services for
tourists
• Coordinating the marketing activities of role players in the industry
Opportunities for • ITB (Berlin)
marketing SA • World Travel Market (London)
internationally
Funding for SA • TOMSA is a private sector initiative created to raise additional funds for
Tourism’s marketing South Africa internationally.
international • Tourism businesses (e.g. accommodation, car rental, tour operators and
marketing travel agents) collect a voluntary 1% levy from tourists
initiatives • The businesses pay the levies directly to TOMSA
• TOMSA as the collecting agency transfers the funds to Tourism Business
Council of South Africa (TBCSA)
• TBCSA makes the funds available to SA Tourism
• SA Tourism uses the funds to market South Africa both domestically
and internationally.
Branding • Helps create a positive, unified image of South Africa.
• A brand that is built on pride.
• A recognisable brand to promote South Africa on an international
platform.
• It enables South Africa to function as a competitive destination in the
global arena.
• A strong brand positions our country as an attractive destination
partner for trade and investment.
• A recognisable global brand inspires positive thoughts and feelings
about the country will convince people to travel to South Africa
• It showcases South Africa’s successes and motivates investor
confidence.
Opportunities to • Tourism Indaba (Durban)
promote SA and • Getaway Show (Cape Town and Johannesburg)
the southern
African region to
the world
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TOPIC: SUSTAINABLE AND RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
The three pillars of • Environment (planet):
sustainable Good environmental practices, such as resource management (energy
tourism and water), waste management (reduce, re-use, recycle), litter control,
pollution control, environmentally friendly building, promotion of
indigenous flora and control of alien invasive plants in grounds and
gardens
• Economy (profit):
The role of business. The responsible attitude of a tourism business
towards the people and environment it affects. Ways to practise it:
ownership, employment, procurement of local goods and services
• Social (people):
Considering the positive and negative effects of tourism on local
communities, culture and heritage. Corporate social investment (CSI) in
tourism, such as financial or nonfinancial support given by tourism
companies to health/sport/education/youth projects
Responsible • Codes of conduct for tourist behaviour (social, economic and
tourism and environmental): These are guidelines addressing responsible and
tourists appropriate behaviour when visiting a destination.
• How can a tourism destination attract environmentally (people, planet,
profit) conscious tourists?
• The contribution of Fair Trade Tourism (FTT) towards encouraging
responsible and sustainable practices
The principles of • Fair share
Fair Trade in All participants involved in a tourism activity should get their fair share
Tourism of the income, in direct proportion to their contribution to the activity.
• Democracy
All participants involved in a tourism activity should have the right and
opportunity to participate in decisions that concern them.
• Respect
Both host and visitor should have respect for human rights, culture and
environment.
• Transparency
Tourism businesses should establish mechanisms of accountability.
• Reliability
The services delivered to tourists should be reliable and consistent.
Basic safety and security for both host and visitor should be ensured.
• Sustainability
The tourism businesses should strive to be sustainable.
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TOPIC: CULTURE AND HERITAGE TOURISM
World Heritage • World Heritage Sites are places of outstanding universal value and have
Sites been awarded international recognition by the United Nations
Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
The role of • Constant monitoring to maintain and protect the status of the World
UNESCO Heritage Sites
• Provide support in terms of management plans.
• Assistance with upgrading of facilities in the event of an unforeseen
occurrence.
• Financial aid is provided in cases of unforeseen occurrences.
• Engage with relevant stakeholders when the World Heritage Sites are
threatened.
• Education / create awareness
• Promote co-operation and development.
• Encourage people to nominate sites to be included in the World
Heritage Site list.
• Support countries in building public awareness for the protection of
World Heritage Sites.
• Encourage the local population to preserve their cultural and
• natural heritage.
World Heritage NAME OF WHS PROVINCE TYPE
Sites in South Cradle of Humankind (1999) Gauteng, Limpopo Cultural
Africa and North West
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape Limpopo Cultural
(2003)
Robben Island (1999) Western Cape Cultural
Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Northern Cape Cultural
Landscape (2007)
Khomani Cultural Landscape (2017) Northern Cape Cultural
Cape Floral Region Protected Areas Western Cape Natural
(2004)
iSimangaliso Wetland Park (1999) KwaZulu Natal Natural
Vredefort Dome (2005) Free State and North Natural
West
Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains Mpumalanga Natural
(2018)
uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park (2000) KwaZulu Natal Mixed

The value of World • The sites receive national and international recognition which will result
Heritage Sites to in an increase in visitor numbers.
South Africa • An increase in tourist numbers will lead to the creation of job
opportunities due to increased demand for services.
• Tourism will generate income due to a demand for products and
services e.g. accommodation, transport, entry fees, food, drink, etc.
• Increased visitor numbers will set the multiplier effect into motion.
• Standards of living will be improved through money directly or
indirectly earned by tourism.
• There will be a boost in the economic activity lending itself to increased
GDP and benefiting all establishments in the area
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LOCATION OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES ON A MAP OF SOUTH AFRICA

TOPIC: COMMUNICATION AND CUSTOMER CARE

The purpose of • To identify areas of customer service that need improvement
obtaining • To adapt service to accommodate changing customer needs.
customer feedback • Positive feedback serves as staff motivation to deliver excellent service
• It can prevent the company from losing customers to competitors
Methods to obtain • Surveys
customer feedback • Questionnaires
• Feedback cards
• Follow up calls
• SMS messages on cell phones
• Web-based responses
Positive impact of • Customer loyalty and repeat business
excellent service • Fewer customer complaints
delivery • Reduced marketing budget
• Increased sales
• Improved public image
• Edge over the competition
• More effective employees
• Motivated staff members
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TOPIC: TOURISM SECTORS

Factors that • Image of the company:
contribute to a
professional image
in the tourism
industry

• Image of the staff:

Contract of • A contract of employment is a signed agreement between an employer

employment and an employee
• It sets out the conditions of employment particular to the employee
and his specific position
• An employment contract should outline all the main terms and
conditions of employment and signifies the mutual agreement by the
employer and employee to these terms and conditions
• The contract of employment describes the basic conditions of
employment such as:
▪ working hours
▪ uniform allowances
▪ travel benefits
▪ leave
▪ core duties
▪ fringe benefits
▪ remuneration and deductions
▪ termination of service
▪ professional accountability and responsibility
▪ service ethics
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TOPIC: TOURISM SECTORS
Code of Conduct • A code of conduct is a set of rules that provides guidance to all staff on
what is acceptable behaviour.
• The code of conduct forms part of an organisation’s contract of
employment and is applicable to all employees
The purpose of a • Spells out the conduct expected of staff in the performance of their
code of conduct duties
• Provides guidance for employees faced with ethical challenges
• Outlines how to handle any conflict and what is expected if conflict of
interests occur
• Outlines the level of professionalism employees should adopt in
keeping with the reputation and standards of the business
• Acts as a public statement providing the customers of a business with
an understanding of the ethics of the company
The value of a • Creates a cooperative, collaborative atmosphere
code of conduct • Promotes integrity in the workplace.
• A code of conduct is useful as it sets out what is important to a business
(its ethics and principles) and prescribe how staff should behave while
at work. It helps to identify, and state clearly which behaviour is
welcome, and which is not.
• A code of conduct or statement of business ethics not only guides staff
but also supports a brand statement and projects the image a company
would like to portray.