Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the

laboratory.

The concept of atomic number was a crucial step in the synthesis of new elements in the
laboratory. Atomic number is defined as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, and it
determines the chemical and physical properties of an element. The discovery of atomic number
by Henry Moseley in 1913 provided a systematic way of organizing the elements and led to the
development of the periodic table.

Once scientists understood the concept of atomic number, they could predict the properties of
elements with similar atomic numbers and use this information to synthesize new elements. For
example, they could predict that an element with an atomic number one greater than a known
element would have similar properties, but with a slightly higher atomic weight.

To synthesize new elements in the laboratory, scientists use particle accelerators to create high-
energy ions, which are then directed at a target material. When the ions collide with the target,
they can fuse with the atomic nuclei, creating a new, heavier element. This process is called
nuclear fusion.

In addition to nuclear fusion, scientists can also use another method called neutron capture to
synthesize new elements. In this process, a neutron is added to the nucleus of an atom,
increasing its atomic number and creating a new element.

In summary, the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory
by providing a systematic way of organizing the elements and predicting their properties. This
knowledge allowed scientists to use particle accelerators and neutron capture to create new
elements through nuclear fusion and neutron capture.