Exception handling

DEFINITION OF EXCEPTION

An Exception is an error that happens

during the execution of a program.
Whenever there is an error, Python
generates an exception that could be
handled.
 Exception Handling

➢ Error in Python can be of two types i.e.

Syntax errors and Exceptions.
➢ Errors are problems in a program due to
which will stop the program from execution.
➢ On the other hand, exceptions are raised
when some internal events occur due to
limitation of hardware or software part,
which change the normal flow of the
program.
 Different types of exceptions in python:
• SyntaxError: This exception is raised when the interpreter encounters a
syntax error in
the code, such as a misspelled keyword, a missing colon, or an unbalanced
parenthesis.
• TypeError: This exception is raised when an operation or function is applied
to an object of the wrong type, such as adding a string to an integer.
• NameError: This exception is raised when a variable or function name is
not found in
the current scope.
• IndexError: This exception is raised when an index is out of range for a
list, tuple, or other sequence types.
• KeyError: This exception is raised when a key is not found in a dictionary.
• ValueError: This exception is raised when a function or method is called
with an invalid argument or input, such as trying to convert a string to an
integer when the string does not represent a valid integer.
• AttributeError: This exception is raised when an attribute or method is not
found on an object, such as trying to access a non-existent attribute of a class
instance.
• IOError: This exception is raised when an I/O operation, such as reading
or writing a file, fails due to an input/output error.
• ZeroDivisionError: This exception is raised when an attempt is made to
divide a number by zero.
• ImportError: This exception is raised when an import statement fails to
find or load a module.
Syntax Error Vs. Exceptions

Syntax Error: This error is caused by the wrong syntax in the

code.
if(amount > 999)
print(“amount more than 1000")
if(amount > 999)

Exceptions: Exceptions are raised when the program is syntactically

correct, but the code results in an error. This error does not stop the
execution of the program, however, it changes the normal flow of the
program.
a = 10 / 0
print(a)
Handlingexceptions using try-except-
finally blocks
try:
# Some Code....which may have
runtime error

except:
# optional block
# Handling of exception (if required)

else:
# execute if no exception

finally:
# Some code .....(always executed)
 Example
try:
numerat=50
denom=int(input("Enter value for denominator"))
q=numerat/denom
print(q)
print("division performed successfully")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.")
print("Outside try ..except block")
output:
Enter value for denominator 10
5.0
division performed successfully
Outside try ..except block
output:
Enter value for denominator0
Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.
Outside try ..except block
try:
k = 9//0 # raises divide by zero exception.
print(k)

# handles zerodivision exception

except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Can't divide by zero")

finally:
# this block is always executed
# regardless of exception generation.
print('This is always executed')
HANDLING MULTIPLE EXCEPTIONS:EXAMPLE
try:
numerat=50
denom=int(input("Enter value for denominator"))
q=numerat/denom
print(q)
print("division performed successfully")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.")
except ValueError:
print("Only integers should be entered")
OUTPUT:
Enter value for denominator 0
Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.
OUTPUT:
Enter value for denominator 2.5
Only integers should be entered
HANDLING MULTIPLE EXCEPTIONS: With else clause

try:
numerat=50
denom=int(input("Enter value for denominator"))
q=numerat/denom
print(q)
print("division performed successfully")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.")
except ValueError:
print("Only integers should be entered")
else:
print("The result of division is: ",q)
OUTPUT:
Enter value for denominator 10
5.0
division performed successfully
The result of division is: 5.0
Advantages of Exception Handling:
• Improved program reliability
• Simplified error handling
• Cleaner code
• Easier debugging

Disadvantages of Exception Handling:

• Performance overhead
• Increased code complexity
• Possible security risks
 finally CLAUSE
➢ The finally keyword is used in try...except blocks. It
defines a block of code to run when the
try...except...else block is final.

➢ The finally block will be executed no matter if the try

block raises an error or not.

➢ This can be useful to close objects and clean up

resources.
EXAMPLE
try:
numerat=50
denom=int(input("Enter value for denominator "))
q=numerat/denom
print(q)
print("division performed successfully")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.")
except ValueError:
print("Only integers should be entered")
else:
print("The result of division is: ",q)
finally:
print("Close of program")
OUTPUT1:
Enter value for denominator 0
Denominator is zero...Division not allowed.
Close of program
OUTPUT2:
Enter value for denominator 2.5
Only integers should be entered
Close of program
OUTPUT 3:
Enter value for denominator 2
25.0
division performed successfully
The result of division is: 25.0
Close of program