BHAKTA KAVI NARSINH MEHTA UNIVERSITY - JUNAGADH

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

SEM 2 ( M.A )

“ LITERATURE REVIEW ”

Paper : C-107 Analytical perspective of Early 20th Century

Prepared by :
Maisuriya Tejas . J

Submitted to :
Dr. Rupal Dangar
1.

● Title : “ Man Anxiety as Reflected in Ernest Hemingway’s

The Old Man and the Sea.”

● Researcher : Dania Musoffa, Akhmad Multazim, Atikasari Husna, Lutfy

F. Hudayah & Renovil Dramestika

● Research Journal : Journal of Language and Literature

● Other details : Vol. 19 No. 2 – October 2019 , ISSN: 1410-5691

The main theme of the research paper “Anxiety in Man as Reflected in Ernest Hemingway’s
The Old Man and the Sea” is that anxiety is depicted through the characterization of the
gentleman in the novel. The article, composed by Dania Musoffa, Akhmad Multazim,
Atikasari Husna, Lutfy F. Hudayah, and Renovil Dramestika, reveals the psychological parts
of anxiety in the protagonist using the descriptive qualitative method with the psychological
approach.

The paper emphasizes the great importance of anxiety owing to issues occurring in our
modern life. Its sole purpose is to analyze the character of Santiago and the multiple anxieties
plaguing him while telling the story. With the aid of reading and documentation methodology,
scientists carefully gather and interpret data to determine the mental processes that lie
beneath the experiences of the character.

This paper is based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Specific
Phobia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
This way the analysis helps to see different forms of the anxiety disorders that the author
depicts through the character of Santiago and brings out the complexity of the human nature.

Also, the writing points out to the varied personality traits of Santiago. He is depicted as a
figure who has qualities such as kindness, industriousness, ambition, intelligence, calmness,
cheerfulness, patience, confidence, and stubbornness. The traits exemplify the environment
around which his fears are investigated, enriching the character's design.The overall message
conveyed by "Man Anxiety as Portrayed by the Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway"
is that anxiety is experienced in different forms. The merger of literary analysis and
psychological awareness brings together the understanding of Hemingway's masterpiece and
the modern world in terms of human experience of anxiety.
2.

● Title : “ On the Manhood in face of Tragedy Theme of The Old Man and
the Sea. ”

● Researcher : Yongkun Wan

● Research Journal : (2019) Francis Academic Press, UK

● Other Details : 2019 9th International Conference on Social Science and

Education Research (SSER 2019) , DOI: 10.25236/sser.2019.072

The article, "On the Manhood in face of Tragedy Theme of The Old Man and the Sea"
written by Yongkun Wan, is a complete understanding of Ernest Hemingway's masterpiece,
examining the theme of manhood in difficulty. Wean dexterously appropriates Hemingway's
personal life and artistic achievements to make a sense of how the theme comes up in the
story. The author expertly analyzes Santiago, the protagonist, as a metaphor for strength and
bravery in the face of tremendous adversity.

White expounds upon the complexity of Hemmingway's story as well as sees The Old Man
and the Sea as more than a story, but rather as a vehicle that conveys deep philosophical
ideas. The main idea of the paper consists of Wan’s claim that the underlying theme of the
novel is that human spirit is unbreakable even in the most extreme circumstances. Taking
some incidents from Hemingway's life and employing his literary methods, Wan shows the
importance of courage, will, and nobleness in defining what real masculinity is.

As well as this, Wan mentions some of the techniques that Hemingway uses in his stories like
realism, symbolism, and the iceberg theory to embellish the story. Through examination of
Santiago’s continuous battle against the elements, Wan shows the underneath levels of the
story.

Generally speaking, Wan's research essay presents a wise understanding of The Old Man and
the Sea that reveals the theme of human resilience and the existential struggle. Through
careful examination and academic eye, Wan enlightens the viewers about the essence of
Hemingway's literary legacy and its permeation into contemporary discourse.
3.

● Title : “ The Perseverance of Life: Exploring the Struggle for Existence

in
Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. ”

● Researcher : Din Prasad Ghimire

● Research Journal : International Research Journal of Parroha Multiple

Campus (IRJPMC)

● Other Details : Volume 02, Issue 02, 2023. PP. 81-92, (ISSN:
2961-1725)

The research paper, "The Perseverance of Life: Through the Author Her Analysis Has Given
a Varied Review of Ernest Hemingway’s Famous Works “The Old Man and the Sea” Written
by Din Prasad Ghimire. Ghimire, a Lecturer at Parroha Multiple Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal,
proudly reveals the main theme of the book, which she takes a closer look at, focusing on
Santiago as a symbol of the human strength to overcome challenges.

The article strikes the ultimate chord by Ghomire dedicating purposeful attention to how
Santiago stands firm through the hardship of his life and lives up to it by keeping himself
calm. The meaning and the absurdity of actual life are the themes that Ghimire explicates in
depth, through which Santiago's quest is portrayed as a rebellion. This is because these life
elements affect all people who live on the Earth. The essay in essence forces an idea into the
mind of the reader that is convinced of heroes, stoicism, and humanism through which
Santiago's fight can be understood as a pure embodiment of the fundamental principles and
helps to figure out the human condition.

Besides, he places Hemingway's work within a wider context of the author's biography with a
major contribution to the literary spectrum. Through juxtaposing Hemingway's own
encounter including his scars of war, Ghimire shows eminently these themes' recurrence in
The Old Man and the Sea. The author deftly tackles Hemingway's economy of words, his
ability to figuratively speak for people's human resilience and shortcomings.Summing up,
Ghimire's research article Hagakure became the main focus of the world's attention. It was a
timeless, full-fledged vision of human being's inner world. By carefully examining the
author's work and through a profound scholarship, Ghimire collaborates with a wider
understanding of the artist's legacy and the purported concepts explored in the story of The
Old Man and the Sea.

4.

● Title : “ An Analysis of Santiago’s Character in Hemingway’s The Old

Man and the Sea : A Saga of Indomitable Human Spirit. ”

● Researcher : Dr. Rummana Farooqui

● Research Journal : International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and

Translation

● Other Details : ISSN: 2617-0299 (Online); ISSN: 2708-0099 (Print),

DOI: 10.32996/ijllt, Volume: 4 , Issue: 5

The research paper titled "An Analysis of Santiago’s Character in Hemingway’s The Old
Man and the Sea: "A Saga of Indomitable Human Spirit" by Dr. Rummana Farooqui presents
an exhaustive analysis of the eternal themes entirely presented in Hemingway's masterpiece.
Dr. Farooqui, an Assistant Professor at the University of Bahrain, gives a thorough analysis
of Santiago, covering different aspects, starting from his motives, going through his
challenges, and ending up with his wins.

The psychological and moral dimensions of Santiago as the protagonist of this novel are
explored in great depth by Dr. Farooqui. Through a qualitative analysis of the novel, the
author demonstrates Santiago’s unbreakable spirit, bravery, and resilience to the adversities of
life. The article, with great skill, epitomizes Hemingway’s portrayal of Santiago as an
emblem of human spirit conquering life’s challenges with grace and valor.

Furthermore, the paper incorporates a well-knit fabric of literature evaluations, bringing in

perspectives of different scholars and critics, in turn adding a colourful shade of thinking to
the analysis. Through the delineation of the parallels between Santiago's traveling and
Hemingway's own literary purposes, Dr. Farruqui deeply contemplates the universal truths
that the author has been building in his story. Finally, the summary, which sums up the spirit
in which the Santiago was changed from hopelessness to hopefulness, from losing everything
to regaining everything.
Dr. Farooqui's impressive combination of the novel's themes and characters not only sees the
light of Hemingway's literary greatness but also serves a timeless illustration of the
complexity of the human state.Dr. Rummana Farooqui's study of Hemingway's well-known manual
is a meticulous analysis of Santiago's character and the amazing human instinct for survival. It is a
profound offering to the discipline of literary critics, inciting readers to ruminate on the eternal values
of bravery, resilience, and dignity exemplified in the story The Old Man and the Sea.
5.

● Title : “ Santiago’s Spiritual Wealth. ”

● Researcher : Yuan-zhen Peng

● Research Journal : © 2014. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press

● Other Details : 2nd International Conference on Advances in Social

Science, Humanities, and Management (ASSHM 2014)

The research paper of Yuan-zhen Peng entitled "Santiago’s Spiritual Wealth" is an astounding
analysis of Ernest Hemingway’s depiction of the character Santiago in "The Old Man and the
Sea. " Through a skilled reading, Peng brings up the dichotomy of Santiago’s material
poverty and spiritual richness in order to emphasize his endurance, pride, and deep bonds
with By close examination of Santiago's dealings with ordinary people, the sea, the boy, and
his late wife, Peng unfolds the multiple levels of Santiago's personality, letting it unfold that
he is a great hero both fighting high seas but also intricate human side issues.

Peng’s discussion on Hemingway’s uncomplicated yet strong writing style and the fishing
theme creates a more interesting and fuller analysis, which brings us much closer to the
meaning of Santiago and the central motifs of the author. The paper excellently pinpoints the
unyielding tenacity of Santiago, the complementary ties between him and the sea and the
strong connection between the protagonist and the boy, the emblem of the struggle of humans
against difficulties and search for the philosophy of life and existence.

The review praises Peng's detailed study of the text, thought provoking comments and
comprehensible treatment of theories. It is appreciative of the paper's deep scholarship and
engaging prose as well as the thorough exploration of the writer's topics. In summary, the
essay "Santiago's Spiritual Wealth" is a persuasive examination of Hemingway’s treatie, it
highlights why this novel remains so relevant and continues to capture the timeless human
emotions.