BBCP

A PROJECT ON
Online Catering System for College Canteen using

Firebase
SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE
IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY,
AAKIF KHAN EXAM NO: B191104201

SURAJ KATARIYA EXAM NO: B191104227
SAURABH MADAKE EXAM NO: B191104232
SUYOG MAGAR EXAM NO: B191104233
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. ANIL LOHAR
Department of Computer Engineering
A.B.M.S. PARISHAD’S
ANANTRAO PAWAR COLLEGE OFENGINEERING & RESEARCH
Parvati, Pune-09
NAAC Accredited Institute
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
Department of ComputerEngineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitles

“Online Catering System for College Canteen using Firebase”
Submitted by,
AAKIF KHAN EXAM NO: B191104201
SURAJ KATARIYA EXAM NO: B191104227
SAURABH MADAKE EXAM NO: B191104232
SUYOG MAGAR EXAM NO: B191104233
is a bonafide student of this institute and the work has been carried out by him under the
supervision of Prof. Anil Lohar and it is approved for the partial fulfillment of the requirement
of Savitribai Phule Pune University, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering
(Computer Engineering).
Prof. Anil Lohar Prof. Rama Gaikwad

Project Guide, Department Head,
Dept. of Computer Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering
External Examiner Prof (Dr). Sunil B. Thakare

Principal
Place: Pune
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The report would not have been completed without the encouragement and support of
many people who gave their precious time and encouragement throughout the period. We
want to thank our advisers and our internal guide P r o f . A n i l L o h a r Thanks to his
guidance; we were able to create O n l i n e C a t e r i n g S y s t e m f o r C o l l e g e
Canteen using Firebase .
We are also grateful to Prof. Rama Gaikwad Head Computer Engineering

Department, ANANTRAO PAWAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH
for continuous motivation, support in all aspects.
We are most grateful to our honorable Principal Prof. (Dr). Sunil B. Thakare for
giving us the permission for Project. We sincerely thank to the entire team of staff
members, our college, company, our family and those who knowingly and unknowingly
have contributed in their own way in completion of this Final-Year project report.
Aakif Khan
Suyog Magar
Suraj Katariya
Saurabh Madake
INDEX
Sr. NO. TITLE Page NO.
01 Synopsis 1
1.1 Project Title 2
1.2 Internal Guide 2
1.3 Technical Keywords (As per ACM Keywords) 2
1.4 Problem Statement 2
1.5 Abstract 2
1.6 Goals and Objectives 2
1.7 Relevant mathematics associated with the Project 3
1.8 Names of Conferences / Journals where papers can be published 3
1.9 Review of Conference/Journal Papers supporting Project idea 3
02 Technical Keywords 9
2.1 Area of Project 10
2.2 Technical Keywords 10
03 Introduction 11
3.1 Project Idea 12
3.2 Motivation of the Project 12
3.3 Literature Survey 12
04 Problem Definition and scope 15

4.1 Problem Statement 16
4.1.1 Goals and objectives 16
4.1.2 Statement of scope 16
4.2 Major Constraints 17
4.3 Methodologies of Problem solving and efficiency issues 17
4.4 Outcome 18
4.5 Applications 18
4.6 Hardware Resources Required 18
4.7 Software Resources Required 19
05 Project Plan 20
5.1 Project Estimates 21
5.1.1 Reconciled Estimates 21
5.1.2 Project Resources 22
5.2 Risk Management w.r.t. NP Hard analysis 22
5.2.1 Risk Identification 22
5.2.2 Risk Analysis 23
5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management 24
5.3 Project Schedule 26
5.3.1 Project task set 26
5.3.2 Task network 26
5.3.3 Timeline Chart 27
5.4 Team Organization 27
5.4.1 Team structure 27
5.4.2 Management reporting and communication 28
06 Software requirement specification 29

6.1 Introduction 30
6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document 30
6.1.2 Overview of responsibilities of Developer 30
6.2 Usage Scenario 30
6.2.1 User profiles 31
6.2.2 Use-cases 31
6.2.3 Use Case View 32
6.3 Data Model and Description 32

6.3.1 Data Description 32
6.4 Functional Model and Description 32
6.4.1 Non-Functional Requirements 32
6.4.2 Design Constraints 33
6.4.3 Software Interface Description 33
6.4.4 Data Flow Diagram 34
6.4.5 State Diagram 34
6.4.6 Activity Diagram 35
07 Detailed Design Document using Appendix A and B 36

7.1 Introduction 37
7.2 Architectural Design 37
7.3 Data design (using Appendices A and B) 37
7.3.1 Global data structure 38
7.3.2 Temporary data structure 38
7.4 Component Design 38
7.4.1 Class Diagram 38
08 Project Implementation 39
8.1 Introduction 40
8.2 Tools and Technologies Used 40
8.3 Methodologies 40
8.4 Verification and Validation for Acceptance 41
09 Software Testing 42
9.1 Type of Testing Used 43
9.2 Test Cases and Test Results 43
10 Results 45
10.1 Screen shots 46
11 Deployment and Maintenance 50

11.1 Installation and un-installation 51
11.2 User help 51
12 Conclusion and future scope 52
12.1 Conclusion 53
12.2 Future scope 53
Annexure A References 54
Annexure B Project Planner, Competition Certificate 56
Annexure C Paper, Certificate 60
Annexure D Plagiarism Report 93
Annexure E Final Presentation Handout 96
Annexure F Information of Project Group Members 110
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
ABBREVATION ILLUSTRATION
ACM Association for Computing Machinery

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and
IJRASET
Engineering Technology
International Conference on Computational Intelligence and X
ICCIXAI
Artificial Intelligence
AWS Amazon Web Services
SDK Software Development Kit
FPS Frames Per Second
APP Application
CRUD Create, Read, Update and Delete
SQL Structured Query Language
RDBMS Relational Database Management System
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
FCM Firebase Cloud Messaging
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
AMD Advanced Micro Devices
SSD Solid State Drive
RAM Random Access Memory
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
GB Gigabytes
IDE Integrated Development Environment
API Application Programming Interface
NP HARD Non-Polynomial Hard
SRS Software Requirements Specification
UI/UX User Interface / User Experience
ID Identification
NOSQL Not Only Structured Query Language
PDF Portable Document File
APK Android Package Kit
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES ILLUSTRATION Page NO.
5.3.2 Figure – 1: Task Network 27

5.3.3 Figure – 2: Timeline Chart 27
6.2.3 Figure – 3: Use Case View 32
6.4.4 Figure – 4: Data Flow 34
6.4.5 Figure – 5: State Diagram 34
6.4.6 Figure – 6: Activity Diagram 35
7.4.1 Figure – 7: Class Diagram 38
10.1 Figure – 8: Splash Screen Canteen 46
10.1 Figure – 9: Splash Screen User 46
10.1 Figure – 10: Login Page User 47
10.1 Figure – 11: Sign Up Page User 47
10.1 Figure – 12: Select Order Page User 48
10.1 Figure – 13: Orders Page Canteen 48
10.1 Figure – 14: Menu Page User 49
10.1 Figure – 15: Categories Page Canteen 49
V [C] Figure – 16: System Architecture 64
VI [C] Figure – 17: DFD Level - 0 65
3.1 [C] Figure – 20: System Architecture 75
3.3 [C] Figure – 21: Database Design 77
3.4 [C] Figure – 22: Technology Stack 77
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE ILLUSTRATION Page NO.
1.9 Table – 1: Journal Papers Supporting Project Idea 8

4.6 Table – 2: Hardware Resources Required 19
5.1.1.1 Table – 3: Cost Estimate 21
5.2.2 Table – 4: Risk Analysis 1 23
5.2.2 Table – 7: Risk Id R1 24
5.2.2 Table – 10: Risk Id R4 26
6.2.2 Table – 11: Use Cases 31
9.2 Table – 12: Test Cases and Test Results 44
[B] Table – 13: Project Planner 57
3 [C] Table – 14: Users 75
5 [C] Table – 15: Application Performance 80
5.1[C] Table – 16: Comparison with Other Applications 81
Online Catering System for College Canteen using Firebase
CHAPTER 1
SYNOPSIS
1
ABMSP’s Anantrao Pawar College of Engineering & Research, Pune
1.1 PROJECT TITLE

Online Catering System for Collage Canteen using Firebase.
1.2 INTERNAL GUIDE

Prof. Anil Lohar
1.3 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS (AS PER ACM KEYWORDS)

• Firebase
• Flutter
• Android Studio
• Cloud Firestore
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

To Develop an online catering system for college canteen using firebase and
apply machine learning to provide analytical outlook.
1.5 ABSTRACT
An online catering system is an android based mobile application that allows
businesses and vendors to manage orders and accept hassle free payments.The
main aim of our project is to provide the users with an interface that allows them
to order food based upon their choice and time not on the basis on availability.
Also, the application focuses on providing a platform for small vendors to
digitalize their food business, get more engagement and improve their revenue
using analytics. The users are also provided with a feature to schedule an order
in advance to save time, get order on their time and avoid long queues. The
integrated payment system will allow to accept payments in real time without
worrying about collecting cash and giving change.
1.6 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

• To make Canteen operation easy and quick for both vendor and users.
• To pre-order food to waste less time during breaks.
• To make convenient for vendor to accept payments.
• Proper order management and analytics will reduce food waste.
2
1.7 RELEVANT MATHEMATICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT

Input:
I= {O, P} Where,
O=o1, o2, o3, on be the set of
Order Sequence.
P=p1, p2, p3. pn, be the set of
Payment operations
Output:
O= {Ro} Where,
Ro is the set of receiptgenerated
Functions:
• [F1] Order (): This will take users order as an input.
• [F2] Login (): This function will authenticate the user.
• [F3] Payment ((): This function will process Payment
• [F4] Accept (): It will accept the users’ order
Success Conditions: User will get their order confirmed.

Failure Conditions: Payment is not successful
1.8 NAMES OF CONFERENCES / JOURNALS WHERE PAPERS CAN BE

PUBLISHED
• IJRASET
• ICCXAI
1.9 Review of Conference/Journal Papers supporting Project idea

Sr. Date of
Author Name Paper Title Observations
No Publishing
The system proposed in this
Ruksar paper is online food ordering
Inamdar, system. This system can remove
Poorva Pawar. Food Ordering the problem of standing in long
1. April 2022
Shruti Jadhav, System queues and save time which is
Latika Mahale spent in commuting. The system
,Nilesh Kulal will have three sides i.e., client
side, delivery side and admin
3
side. This app will take orders

from client side and send them
to admin side. The admin i.e.,
the restaurant/mess will cook the
food according to order
received. Once the food is ready
the delivery boy will pick it up
and deliver to desired place. The
app will give notification to
delivery boy for pickup and
track his location. Once the food
is delivered, the delivery boy
needs to confirm that food is
delivered. This app can save
time for students who eat in
mess. The food will be delivered
from mess to their rooms
As the number of mobile users
are increasing, different apps are
being made for them. The
platforms on which apps are
made have different SDK’s.
Prachi R. Saraf,
A Review on Firebase is one such platform to
Sakshi M.
Firebase (Back- develop mobile and web apps.
Jadhao, Saurabh
end as A Service) This paper is about a review on
2. J. Wanjari, Jan 2022
for Mobile firebase, AWS Amplify and
Shital G.
Application BaaS. This paper also did a
Kolwate, Prof.
Development comparison between Firebase
Ankush D. Patil
and AWS and it was concluded
that Firebase is most suitable for
backend. The reason behind tis
being cost effectiveness and
simplicity of firebase.
This paper did performance
comparison between Flutter
SDK and Android SDK. The
comparison is done to check
which is better for making
Hina Hussain, applications. Two separate
Kamran Khan, Comparative applications were made using
Faiza Farooqui, Study of Flutter and android. Many
December
3. Dr. Qasim Ali AndroidNative parameters were compared like
2021
Arain, and Dr. and Flutter App their response time, memory
Isma Farah Development consumption, processing power
Siddiqui and app size. Their performance
parameters were calculated
using third party tools and in real
time. It was concluded that in
terms of memory usage Android
is better than flutter. In power
4
usage, both apps consume same

power and in FPS flutter has
better performance. A survey
was also conducted from one
hundred developers, and it was
concluded that almost 51% use
Flutter and rest 49% use
Android.
The paper written is about online
food delivery system. The app
“FOODIE” allows users to order
from two or more different
restaurants simultaneously. The
users can login to app through
aadhaar verification which is
safe for transactions. The
decision trees and random forest
algorithms are used to classify
restaurants and food. Also, some
AI and ML algorithms help
Hemant Kumar,
Online Food customer choose nearby
Muskan Jain &
4.. Delivery App July 2021 restaurants or other best
Manpreet Singh
"Foodie" restaurants, so the job of
Bajwa
customers become easy. The
main advantage of FOODIE
over other apps is that it allows
ordering food from more than
one restaurant, and it does not
ask for minimum order amount.
It also has option for booking
table at restaurant. If someone is
new to that area, they can use
FOODIE app’s “explore”
function and check different
restaurants in neighbourhood.
Anitta conducted a study in
Kerala, India to check how
online food ordering system has
impacted the general public. The
study is done to see how people
A Study on the
are moving from traditional food
effectiveness of
ordering while sitting in the
online food January
5. Anitta Abrahem restaurant to online food
applicationson 2021
ordering while sitting at their
registered
homes. The study showed that
restaurants.
most restaurants prefer Zomato
for food ordering. It also showed
that most restaurants keep south
and north Indian food. In online
ordering system the food prices
5
have increased due to additional

service cost and the restaurant
sales and number of orders
received have increased. Anitta
added some more points to her
study and at last concluded that
customers can order from
comfort of their homes. They
can also see whole menu with
dish names and images which
make it easier to order.
This paper is about cashless
canteen management system.
Many times, there’s issue with
paying in cash. Everyone has to
manage their cash and many
times shops face problem of
returning balance money. The
students and teachers have to
stand in long queues to pay for
M. Ambika, food as it takes lot of time to take
Saravana money and give back balance to
Cashless Canteen
Kumar R, each person. The system focuses
6. Management May 2020
Sandhya S Nair, on digitizing all processes for
System
Ranjith Kumar canteen management. The
S system will also keep record of
all sales and purchases between
admin and clients. The primary
focus of this system is to remove
problem of paying by cash
making whole process online.
The app will keep record of all
previous customers and give
them coupons and discounts on
their next visit.
This system is about making the
canteen automated by using
payment gateway. The app used
for this project is a food delivery
app. It is like any other food
Prashant Avhad,
delivery app, but the difference
Harsh Canteen
is that it is connected to payment
Bhanushali, Automation
7. April 2020 gateway. Many times, it is a
Keval Bhatt & System with
hassle to pay in cash because if
Mansing Payment Gateway
we don’t pay exact amount the
Rathod
restaurant have to give us
balance and sometimes that’s a
problem. Using this app, we can
pay online through our cards or
online payment services like
6
Gpay & Paytm. This will

remove problem of using cash
and we can pay exact amount.
This paper focuses on customer
perception of online food
delivery apps. The app made
focuses on customer perception
and what customers need in food
ordering app. The paper has
Anjali Chouhan,
SDLC life cycle for food
Anjali Rane,
Online Food application. The benefits of this
8. Keshav April 2020
Delivery app are (i) it has facility to
Pursvani &
handle text selectronically by
Kavita Namdev
using powerful word processors
and (ii) except storing
operational data of organization,
other type of data can also be
stored on disk backing storage
which can benefit organization.
This system will use Personal
Digital Assistant (PDA) for
managing food ordering system.
The current system is managed
by humans which causes lot if
errors. This system will be
Designing Food
managed by machine which will
B Kurniawan Ordering
9. Nov 2019 lessen human errors. It will
and M F Abdul Application Based
manage whole ordering system
on Android
from taking orders and sending
it to restaurant and notifying
delivery boy once food is ready
for pickup. This system is
efficient and easy to use. It can
provide customer satisfaction.
Anupriya conducted a survey to
check how online food delivery
applications are affecting
general public. According to her
survey the online food system is
An Analysis of highly demandable and
Online Food efficient. By ordering online
Anupriya Home Delivery there is very less chance of
10. April 2019
Saxena and its impact on human error. The customers can
restaurants in choose from variety of
India restaurants, and they also get
coupons, offers or loyalty
benefits. According to survey,
only 17% people never ordered
food online and 71% believe that
in future the online food
7
ordering business is bright. The

thing that attracts most
customers is anywhere anytime
doorstep delivery. So, there is lot
of future scope in online food
delivery industry.
Table – 1: Journal Papers supporting Project idea
8
CHAPTER 2
TECHNICAL KEYWORDS
9
2.1 AREA OF PROJECT

Application Development
2.2 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS

• Flutter
• Firebase
• Dart
• UI
10
CHAPTER 3
INTRODUCTION
11
3.1 PROJECT IDEA

There are new innovations every day in order to make the life of common people
easy and less hectic. But still there are many areas that remain unnoticed and
unorganized. One of the most recent we out-looked was the management of the
college canteens. The life of a student is a bit busy and hectic due to recursive
work calls. Also, a student deals with long queues and improper order
management in college canteen. Thus, to solve this issue and make a student's
life more convenient, we came up with a solution i.e., an open-source food
catering system that will allow institutions and colleges to implement the app
for efficient order management with ease. The online catering system that we
are proposing is a one stop tool for food ordering and accepting cashless
payments. Also, the food vendor is provided with a system by which he can
tackle the issues of both food wastage and food inadequacy.The Catering System
uses Firebase as a back-end for rapid development. It uses Firebase's real time
database to process orders efficiently.
3.2 MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT

• Lack of Organization in Canteen during rush hours
• Less Time Period during Breaks
• Convenient for Vendor to Accept
• Payment Food Wastage and Food
3.3 LITERATURE SURVEY
In [1] The system proposed is online food ordering system. This system can
remove the problem of standing in long queues and save time which is spent in
commuting. The system will have three sides i.e., client side, delivery side and
admin side. This app will take orders from client side and send them to admin
side. The admin i.e., the restaurant/mess will cook the food according to order
received. The app will give notification to delivery boy for pickup and track his
location. Once the food is delivered, the delivery boy needs to confirm that food
is delivered.
In [2] In-depth research is conducted on various Back-end as a Service

platforms. The platforms on which apps are made have different SDK’s.
Firebase is one such platform to develop mobile and web apps. This paper did
a comparison between Firebase and AWS and it was concluded that Firebase is
most suitable for back-end. The reason behind this being cost effectiveness and
simplicity of Firebase.
12
In [3] The system proposed is an app “FOODIE” which allows users to order
from two or more different restaurants simultaneously. The users can login to
app through Aadhaar verification which is safe for transactions. The main
advantage of FOODIE over other apps is that it allows ordering food from more
than one restaurant, and it does not ask for minimum order amount. If someone
is new to that area, they can use FOODIE app’s “explore” function and check
different restaurants in neighbourhood.
In [4] The research is about cashless canteen management system. Many times,
there’s issue with paying in cash. Everyone has to manage their cash and many
times shops face problem of returning balance money. The students and teachers
have to stand in long queues to pay for food as it takes lot of time to take money
and give back balance to each person. The system focuses on digitizing all
processes for canteen management.
In [5] A survey-based research is done to check how online food delivery

applications are affecting general public. According to her survey the online
food system is highly demandable and efficient. By ordering online there is very
less chance of human error. The customers can choose from variety of
restaurants, and they also get coupons, offers or loyalty benefits. According to
survey, only 17% people never ordered food online and 71% believe that in
future the online food ordering business is bright.
In [6] The paper majorly focuses on applications of Firebase. Firebase is used

to build high quality apps by storing data in JSON which does not use queries
for CRUD operations. The paper has discussed services of Firebase like
Analytics, FCM, Auth, storage, crash reporting, etc. The paper also did a
comparison check between Firebase and other RDBMS like SQL and MS SQL.
It also showed how to add and use Firebase in android applications.
In [7] The system proposed in this paper is online food delivery application for
people who move from city to city. This application will deliver food to users
living in hostel rooms or outside somewhere else. They can order food from any
restaurant or mess and the food will be delivered to their place. Also, users can
select from restaurants or home-based food services. As people shift to new
cities, they are suspicious about hygiene and food quality. This option will help
users select from different places.
In [8] The proposed system consists of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for
managing food ordering system. The current system is managed by humans
which causes lot if errors. This system will be managed by machine which will
13
lessen human errors. It will manage whole ordering system from taking orders
and sending it to restaurant.
In [9] The canteen is automated by using payment gateway. The app used for
this project is a food delivery app. It is like any other food delivery app, but the
difference is that it is connected to payment gateway. Many times, it is a hassle
to pay in cash because if we do not pay exact amount the restaurant have to give
us balance and sometimes that is a problem. This will remove problem of using
cash and we can pay exact amount.
In [10] The paper did performance comparison between Flutter SDK and
Android SDK. Two separate applications were made using Flutter and android.
Many parameters were compared like their response time, memory
consumption, processing power and app size. Their performance parameters
were calculated using third party tools and in real time. It was concluded that in
terms of memory usage Android is better than flutter. In power usage, both apps
consume same power and in FPS flutter has better performance. A survey was
also conducted from one hundred developers, and it was concluded that almost
51% use Flutter and rest 49% use Android.
14
CHAPTER 4
PROBLEM DEFINITION AND
SCOPE
15
4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

College canteens encounter various challenges such as extended waiting lines,
inadequate food portions, mismanagement of orders, and wastage of food,
which can negatively impact the students' health and productivity, resulting in a
chaotic and inconvenient experience. Hence, it is crucial to identify a solution
that can assist college canteens in effectively handling their operations and
tackling these problems.
4.1.1 Goals and Objectives

• To make Canteen operation easy and quick for both vendor and users.
• To pre-order food to waste less time during breaks.
• To make convenient for vendor to accept payments.
• Proper order management and analytics will reduce food waste.
4.1.2 Statement of Scope

The scope of this project is to design and implement a comprehensive solution
to address the challenges faced by college canteens in order to improve
efficiency, convenience, and reduce food waste. The project aims to develop an
online orderingsystem that enables students to pre-order food, thus minimizing
waiting times and ensuring a seamless and quick canteen experience.
Additionally, the solution will include a convenient payment integration
mechanism that allows vendors to accept various payment methods, making
transactions easier for both parties.
The project will encompass the following key features:
• Online Ordering System: Develop a user-friendly mobile or web-based
application that enables students to browse menu items, customize their
orders, and
• pre-order their food from the canteen. The system should provide real-time
updates on order status and pickup times.
• Payment Integration: Implement a secure and convenient payment system
that supports multiple payment methods, such as online payment
gateways and mobile wallets, allowing for quick and hassle-free
transactions.
• Order Management and Analytics: Create a robust order management
system that allows vendors to efficiently manage incoming orders, track
inventory, andgenerate reports for analytics. This will aid in optimizing
food preparation, reducing wastage, and improving overall operational
efficiency.
• User Feedback and Ratings: Incorporate a feedback and rating
mechanism that enables students to provide feedback on their canteen
experience, food quality, and service. This will help identify areas for
improvement and maintain quality standards.
16
The project will be developed with scalability in mind, ensuring that it can be
easily expanded to accommodate multiple canteens within the college campus
or potentially extend to other institutions in the future. However, the scope of
this project does not include physical infrastructure changes or modifications to
the existing canteen facilities.
The project team will be responsible for the development, testing, and
deployment of the solution, ensuring its usability, security, and reliability.
Regular communication and collaboration with canteen staff and students will
be essential to gather requirements, validate the solution, and incorporate
feedback throughout the project lifecycle
4.2 MAJOR CONSTRAINTS

During the development of the Cafeteria App, following constraints were
encountered:
• User Interface: One of the most critical constraints is the user interface of
the application. A cafeteria application must have a user-friendly interface,
making it easy for customers to place orders and navigate through the
various menu items.
• Integration with Payment Gateways: Another constraint is the integration of
payment gateways, which will allow customers to make secure online
payments. It's essential to ensure that the payment gateways you integrate
with are reliable, safe, and meet all security standards.
• Speed and Performance: A cafeteria application must be fast and responsive,
providing customers with a seamless experience. Slow and laggy
applications can discourage customers from using the application and can
harm your business.
• Compatibility with Devices and Operating Systems: The application should
be compatible with various devices, screen sizes, and operating systems.
This can be a significant challenge, as there are many different Android
devices with various screen sizes and versions of the operating system.
4.3 METHODOLOGIES OF PROBLEM SOLVING AND EFFICIENCY ISSUES

As a team, we had adopted the following strategies to solve the problems and
increase efficiency in developing an Android cafeteria application:
• We had prioritized User Interface: We had focused on developing a user-

friendly interface that was intuitive and easy to use. This was achieved by
conducting user testing and gathering feedback to refine the design.
• We had carefully selected Payment Gateway: We had ensured that we selected

a reliable and safe payment gateway that met all security standards to ensure
customer trust and satisfaction.
• We had conducted Comprehensive Compatibility Testing: We had tested the
17
application on various devices, screen sizes, and operating systems to ensure

compatibility and identify any potential issues.
• We had implemented Robust Data Security Measures: We had implemented

advanced security measures to protect customer data, such as personal
information, order history, and payment details, from unauthorized access.
• We had Ensured Speed and Performance: We had optimized the application to

be fast and responsive, providing customers with a seamless experience.
4.4 OUTCOME
In the proposed work, we develop a user-friendly system for user to order food
and forvendor to accept order and payment.
The primary motive is to avoid overcrowding at canteen and to ease the process
ofordering food for users.
4.5 APPLICATIONS
• College Canteens: The primary application of your project is in college
canteens. Implementing the online ordering system, convenient payment
integration, and ordermanagement capabilities can greatly improve the overall
canteen experience for students. It enables them to save time by pre-ordering
their food, reduces waiting lines, and provides a more efficient and streamlined
process for both vendors and users.
• School Cafeterias: The concept and solution developed in your project can be
appliedto school cafeterias as well. By implementing an online ordering system
and efficient order management, school students can benefit from a similar
streamlined process,reduced waiting times, and improved food management.
• Corporate Cafeterias: Many corporate organizations have their own cafeterias
or food services for employees. The project's solution can be adapted to these
settings, allowing employees to pre-order their meals, make convenient
payments, and improve overall cafeteria operations.
4.6 HARDWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

Sr.
Parameter Minimum Requirement Justification
No.
Android Studio and the Android
Emulator require a powerful
1 Processor Intel Core i5 or AMD Ryzen 5 processor to run smoothly and to
speed up the development
process.
18
Sufficient RAM is necessary to

compile code, debug, and test the
Memory
2 8GB app. For larger projects, 16GB or
(RAM)
higher is preferred to avoid
performance issues.
A fast SSD storage drive is
recommended for faster read and
3 Storage 256GB SSD
write speeds, which can speed up
the development process.
A dedicated graphics card is not
necessary, but it can improve the
Graphics
4 2GB VRAM performance of the Android
Card
Emulator, which is used to test the
app.
A high-resolution monitor makes
it easier to work with multiple
5 Display 1920x1080 resolution
windows and improves the overall
viewing experience.
Table – 2: Hardware resources required
4.7 SOFTWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

• Operating System: Windows
• IDE: Android Studio
• Programming Language: Dart
• Git Version Control
• Firebase Platform
19
CHAPTER 5
PROJECT PLAN
20
5.1 PROJECT ESTIMATES

5.1.1 Reconciled Estimates
5.1.1.1 Cost Estimate
Particulars Amount
Firebase Subscription Free (Basic) +890$ (Blaze Plan)
Razorpay API 2% Transaction Charges
Flutter Free (Open-Source)
Table – 3: Cost Estimate
5.1.1.2 Time Estimates

[1] Requirement Analysis - 1 week
• Gather and analyze requirements
• Create a requirements document
• Get the approval from the stakeholders
[2] Design - 2 weeks

• Develop a detailed design of the application
• Create a design document
• Get the approval from the stakeholders
[3] Implementation - 6 weeks

• Develop the front-end of the application
• Develop the back-end of the application
• Integrate front-end and back-end
• Perform unit testing
[4] Testing - 2 weeks

• Perform system testing
• Perform integration testing
• Perform user acceptance testing
[5] Deployment - 1 week

• Deploy the application to the production environment
• Perform post-deployment testing
• Train the end-users
[6] Maintenance - Ongoing

• Fix any issues found in production
• Perform updates and maintenance as necessary
• Provide technical support
21
5.1.2 Project Resources

[1] People:
• UI/UX Designer
• Front-End Developer
• Back-End Developer
[2] Hardware:
• High-performance computers with at least 16 GB of RAM
• High-speed internet connection
• Mobile devices for testing
[3] Software:
• Android Studio
• Git Version Control
• Firebase Platform
[4] Tools:
• JUnit Testing Framework
• Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager
[5] Miscellaneous resources:

• Design documents
• Requirements documents
• Test plans
5.2 RISK MANAGEMENT W.R.T. NP HARD ANALYSIS

5.2.1 Risk Identification
Here are some project risks that we identified based on scope, requirements, and
schedule:
[1] Scope:
• Misunderstanding or miscommunication of project requirements
among team members or stakeholders
• Overestimation or underestimation of project scope, leading to
scope creep or insufficient delivery
• Inadequate planning and coordination of project activities,
leading to delays or quality issues
[2] Requirements:
• Unclear or ambiguous project requirements, leading to
misinterpretation or incorrect implementation
• Unanticipated requirements emerging during the project, leading
to scope creep or changes in project direction
22
[3] Schedule:
• Underestimation of project duration or resource requirements,
leading to delays or overruns
• Resource constraints, such as team members being unavailable
due to other commitments or unexpected leave
5.2.2 Risk Analysis

The risks for the Project can be analyzed within the constraints of time
and quality
Impact
ID Risk Description Probability
Schedule Quality Overall
Misunderstanding or
miscommunication of project
R1 Low Medium Low Low
requirements among team
members or stakeholders
Overestimation or
R2 underestimation of project
Medium High Medium Medium
scope, leading to scope creep or
insufficient delivery
Inadequate planning and
coordination of project activities,
R3 Medium Low Medium Low
leading to delays or quality
issues
Inadequate testing or quality
assurance measures, leading to
R4 Low Medium High Medium
errors, bugs, or incomplete
features
Table – 4: Risk Analysis 1
Probability Value Description

High Probability of occurrence is > 75%
Medium Probability of occurrence is 26 − 75%
Low Probability of occurrence is < 25%
23
Impact Value Description

Very high > 10% Schedule impact or Unacceptable quality
High 5 − 10% Schedule impact or Some parts of the project have low quality
Medium < 5% Schedule impact or barely noticeable degradation in quality

Low Impact on schedule or Quality can be incorporated
5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management

Following are the details for each risk.
Risk ID R1
Risk Description Misunderstanding or miscommunication of project requirements
among team members or stakeholders
Category Requirements
Source Internal
Probability Low
Impact Medium
Response Mitigate
Strategy Hold regular meetings to discuss and clarify requirements.
Ensured clear documentation and communication
Risk Status Monitored and managed regularly
Table – 7: Risk ID R1
Risk ID R2
Risk Description Overestimation or underestimation of project scope, leading to
scope creep or insufficient delivery
Category Scope
Source Internal
Probability Medium
Impact Medium
Response Avoid/Reduce
24
Strategy Conducted a thorough analysis of project requirements and

scope before committing to delivery. Clearly defined project
deliverables and timeline
Risk ID R3
Risk Inadequate planning and coordination of project activities, leading to
Description delays or quality issues
Category Project Management
Source Internal
Probability Medium
Impact Medium
Response Mitigate
Strategy Developed a detailed project plan and timeline. Assigned clear roles
and responsibilities. Hold regular team meetings to discuss progress
and identify issues
25
Risk ID R4
Risk Description Inadequate testing or quality assurance measures, leading to

errors, bugs, or incomplete features
Category Quality Assurance
Source Internal
Probability Low
Impact Medium
Response Mitigate
Strategy Developed a comprehensive testing plan with clear test cases
and success criteria. Assigned dedicated testing resources.
Conducted regular peer reviews and automated testing.
5.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE

5.3.1 Project Task Set
Major Tasks in the Project stages are:
• Task 1: Define the purpose and goals of the application
• Task 2: Conduct market research and analysis to identify
competition and opportunities
• Task 3: Develop user interface and user experience design
• Task 4: Develop the back-end logic and APIs for the application
• Task 5: Implement the front-end design and user interface
• Task 6: Integrate the back-end and front-end to create a
functioning application
• Task 7: Deploy and maintain the application
5.3.2 Task network
26
Figure – 1: Task network

5.3.3 Timeline Chart
Figure – 2: Timeline Chart
5.4 TEAM ORGANIZATION

5.4.1 Team Structure
Following roles were identified for the successful completion of the project:
[1] Team Leader:

• Responsible for leading the team and ensuring that the
project is completed on time, within budget, and to the
required quality standards.
• Tasks: Planning and coordinating project activities,
managing team members, communicating with stakeholders,
managing project risks, and ensuring that project objectives
27
are met.
[2] Front-end Developer:

• Responsible for developing the user interface and front-end
functionality of the application.
• Tasks: Creating wireframes and mockups, developing user
interface design, implementing front-end functionality, and
testing and debugging the application.
[3] Back-end Developer:

• Responsible for developing the back-end logic and APIs for
the application.
• Tasks: Developing server-side logic and APIs, integrating
the back-end and front-end, implementing payment
processing and security features, and testing and debugging
the application.
[4] UI/UX Designer:

• Responsible for designing the user interface and user
experience of the application.
• Tasks: Creating wireframes and mockups, designing the
visual appearance of the application, ensuring that the
application is intuitive and user-friendly, and testing and
refining the design.
5.4.2 Management Reporting and Communication

Following mechanisms for progress reporting and intra team communication
were used:
• Weekly Status Meetings: The team leader schedules a weekly status
meeting with all team members to discuss the progress of the project.
• The team uses various communication channels, such as email, instant
messaging, and video conferencing, to communicate with each other as
needed.
28
CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION
29
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document
The purpose of the SRS (Software Requirements Specification) for the cafeteria
project is to define the requirements and functionalities of the Android
application to be developed for the cafeteria. The SRS will provide a detailed
description of the system and its features to be developed, including functional
and non-functional requirements, user interfaces, system architecture, and
external interfaces.
The scope of the SRS for the cafeteria project includes the following:
• Identification of users: The SRS will identify the different categories of
users who will use the application, such as customers, cafeteria staff,
and cafeteria management.
• Functional requirements: The SRS will specify the functional
requirements of the application, such as the ability to place an order,
view the menu, make payment, and track orders.
• Non-functional requirements: The SRS will specify the non-functional
requirements, such as performance, reliability, security, and scalability.
• User interface: The SRS will describe the user interface design of the
application, including screen layouts, navigation, and interaction
between screens.
• System architecture: The SRS will provide a description of the system
architecture, including the hardware and software components required
for the application to run.
6.1.2 Overview of responsibilities of Developer

• Conducted requirement analysis to understand the functional and non-
functional requirements of the system.
• Designed the system architecture, including the software components,
database schema, and APIs, based on the requirement analysis.
• Developed the frontend of the cafeteria application using Android
Studio, including the UI components, layouts, and navigation.
• Developed the backend of the application using Java programming
language, including the APIs and database connectivity.
• Integrated third-party APIs for payment gateway and location services.
• Conducted unit testing and debugging of the developed modules to
ensure the system meets the specified requirements.
• Collaborated with the team members, including the team leader, UI/UX
designer, and tester, for effective communication and coordination.
6.2 USAGE SCENARIO

Here are some usage scenarios for the cafeteria system that is developed:
30
• A user can browse the menu items available at the cafeteria, view their prices and
descriptions, and select items to order.
• A user can add items to their cart and view the total order cost.
• A user can view their order history, track the status of their current order.
• An admin user can generate reports on the sales, revenue, and inventory
management.
• An admin user can manage the user accounts.
• A seller can add new menu items and categories.
• A seller can view the list of orders received, their status, and prepare the orders
accordingly.
• A seller can update the order status and mark the order as ready for pickup
6.2.1 User Profiles

• User: A User is a Student/Teacher who wishes to order meal in
advance from cafeteria.
• Food Vendor: The Vendor is a cafeteria owner who is responsible
for establishing and maintaining daily menus of the food items
available from the cafeteria.
• Admin: An admin is the superuser responsible for distribution of app
over multiple vendors.
6.2.2 Use-cases All use-cases
Sr
Use Case Description Actors Assumptions
No.
Allows the actor to
1 Login Seller, User None
log in to the system
Allows the actor to
Add/Delete
2 add a new item to Seller Seller is logged in.
Menu Item
the menu
Allows the actor to The user has an
3 Place Order place an order for User account and is
food logged in
Allows the actor to The user has placed
4 Track Order track the status of User an order
their order
Allows the actor to
Manage The actor has the
5 view and manage Seller
Orders necessary privileges
the list of orders
Allows the actor to
Manage The actor has the
6 manage the list of Admin
Users necessary privileges
users
Table – 11: Use Cases
31
6.2.3 Use Case View

Use Case Diagram. Example is given below
Figure – 3: Use Case View
6.3 DATA MODEL AND DESCRIPTION

6.3.1 Data Description
• Users: This data object represents the registered users of the cafeteria app.
It contains information such as their name, email address, password, and
phone number.
• Orders: This data object represents the orders placed by the users. It contains
information such as the order ID, items ordered, quantity, total amount,
status, and other relevant details.
• Seller: This data object represents the cafeteria's sellers who provide the
items on the app. It contains information such as their name, contact details.
• Items: This data object represents the items that are available for purchase
on the app. It contains information such as the item ID, name, description,
price, category, seller information, and other relevant details.
• Categories: This data object represents the different categories of items
available on the app. It contains information such as the category ID, name,
description, and other relevant details.
6.4 FUNCTIONAL MODEL AND DESCRIPTION

6.4.1 Non-Functional Requirements
1. Interface Requirements
• User-friendly and intuitive interface
• Responsive design
32
2. Performance Requirements
• Fast performance
• Efficient resource utilization
• High availability and reliability
3. Software quality attributes:

• Usability: The application should be easy to use and navigate for
both customers and sellers.
• Reliability: The application should be reliable and perform
consistently, without unexpected crashes or downtime.
• Security: The application should be secure, protecting sensitive
user information and preventing unauthorized access or hacking
attempts.
• Maintainability: The application should be easy to maintain and
update, with well-organized code and clear documentation.
• Performance: The application should perform quickly and
efficiently, with minimal loading times or delays.
6.4.2 Design Constraints

• Limited screen size on mobile devices
• Use of touch and gesture-based interactions
• Consistent branding and visual design across different parts of the app
• Clear and easy-to-understand navigation
• Fast loading times and responsive design for a seamless user experience
6.4.3 Software Interface Description

The User-Interface consist of a Login Screen at the start of the
application. The user can either decide to sign up using name, email,
phone and password or sign in using his/her login credential successful
login, the Homepage is displayed which contains different categories of
food for user to choose from. These Categories include Chinese,
Beverages, Snacks, South Indian, etc. Each category contains different
food items. The User can add different food items to the cart by
navigating through the app. On the top right Corner, a Cart button is
displayed with a quantity number that suggests the number of items
present in cart. On the review Cart Page, all the added items are
displayed with the total cost. At this point the user has two options, either
to directly checkout and make payment or schedule the order first before
confirming the order. All the Orders are segregated based upon the order
status which can be accessed using the bottom navigation bar.
33
6.4.4 Data Flow Diagram
Figure – 4: Data flow

6.4.5 State Diagram
Figure – 5: State Diagram
34
6.4.6 Activity Diagram
Figure – 6: Activity diagram
35
CHAPTER 7
DETAILED DESIGN DOCUMENT
USING APPENDIX A AND B
36
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The design for the cafeteria application is focused on solving the problem of
product management and order management for both the cafeteria owner and
the end-users. The design aims to provide an intuitive and user-friendly
interface for easy access to the application's features. The design follows the
principles of Material Design, which ensures consistency and a seamless
experience across all devices.
The application's design considers the different types of users, such as the
admin, seller, and end-user, and provides them with relevant information and
functionalities based on their roles. The design also ensures that the application
is scalable and can accommodate new features and updates in the future.
The design of the application also incorporates various software quality
attributes, such as reliability, maintainability, and usability, to ensure a high-
quality user experience. It also considers various design constraints, such as the
use of the Firebase platform, which provides a robust backend infrastructure for
data storage and retrieval.
7.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The main components of the proposed system are as follows:
• Android Application: The interface of the application is designed using
Google’s Flutter. Customers will use this interface to discover menu,
order food, schedule orders, make payment and display order history.
• Backend Services: The system uses Firebase as Backend to interact with
the database and retrieve items, orders, and food categories.
• Database: Firebase Cloud Firestore is used to store user/vendor data,
order data and items data
• API Gateway: Between an application and a collection of microservices,
this oversees, among other things, request routing, composition, and
protocol translation. This comprises of Payment services like Razorpay
and Authentication.
• Notification Service: Users are sent notifications using Firebase’s push
notification service.
7.3 DATA DESIGN (USING APPENDICES A AND B)

The database of the application is implemented using two main components:
Firebase Storage and Cloud Storage. The Google Firebase platform includes
Firebase Storage, a cloud- based object storage service. It enables developers to
securely and scalable store and retrieve user-generated material including
photographs, videos, audio files, and other static assets like PDFs or documents.
A cloud-based NoSQL document database called Firebase Cloud Firestore is
offered by Google as a component of the Firebase platform. Developers can
37
store, synchronize, and query data for their web, mobile, and server-side apps
with this adaptable, scalable, and real-time database.
7.3.1 Global data structure

The Global data structure include the following collections:
• Order Collection
• Vendor Collection
• User Collection
7.3.2 Temporary data structure

Some dependent or interim collection developed are:
• Category Collection
• Item Collection
• Cart Document
7.4 COMPOENT DESIGN

7.4.1 Class Diagram
Figure – 7: Class diagram
38
CHAPTER 8
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
39
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The implementation of the project aims to improve the operations of college
canteens by developing an online ordering system, integrating convenient
payment methods, and implementing order management and analytics
capabilities. The primary objective of the project is to create a more efficient,
convenient, and streamlined canteen experience for students while reducing
food waste.
The implementation of the project involves several stages. First, the project team
will conduct a thorough analysis of the existing canteen operations to identify
areas of improvement and develop the proposed solution. This will include
engaging with key stakeholders such as canteen staff, management, and students
to understand theirneeds and gather feedback on the proposed solution.
Next, the project team will design and develop a user-friendly mobile or web-
basedapplication that allows students to pre-order their food, choose their pick-
up time, and make secure payments using convenient payment methods. The
application will also include an order management system that enables vendors to
efficiently handle incoming orders, track inventory, and generate reports for
analytics.
During the implementation stage, the project team will work closely with
canteen staff and management to ensure a smooth transition to the new system.
This willinclude training staff on how to use the new system, addressing any
concerns or questions, and providing ongoing support throughout the
implementation process.
8.2 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED

[1] Software tools:
• Flutter
• Firebase
• Dart
• Visual Studio Code
[2] Platform:
• Operating System: Windows
• IDE: android studio
• Programming Language: Dart
8.3 METHODOLOGIES
During the course of the project, we followed majorly the following approaches:
• Object-Oriented Design: This methodology involves identifying objects in
the application and their relationships with each other, as well as defining
their properties and behaviors.
40
• Waterfall: This is a linear sequential approach to software development that

involves distinct phases of planning, design, development, testing, and
maintenance.
8.4 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION FOR ACCEPTANCE

As a team, we carried out the Verification and Validation (V&V) process for
the cafeteria application to ensure that it met the acceptance criteria. We
followed the following steps:
• We identified the acceptance criteria based on the SRS and user
requirements.
• We created test cases based on the acceptance criteria to verify that the
application met the user requirements.
• We executed the test cases to ensure that the application was working as
expected and met the acceptance criteria.
• We identified any defects or issues found during the testing and reported
them to the development team.
• The development team fixed the issues and we retested to ensure that the
fixes were effective.
• We repeated the testing process until all the acceptance criteria were met
and the application was ready for deployment.
Overall, our V&V process helped to ensure that the cafeteria application met
the user requirements and was ready for deployment.
41
CHAPTER 9
SOFTWARE TESTING
42
9.1 TYPE OF TESTING USED

We performed the following types of testing for the Cafeteria App:
• Unit Testing: We tested each component of the system individually to ensure
that it performs as expected.
• Integration Testing: We tested the interactions between different components to
ensure that they work together seamlessly.
• Functional Testing: We tested the app's functionality by simulating user
interactions to ensure that it meets the specified requirements.
• Usability Testing: We tested the app's ease of use and user-friendliness by
having actual users interact with the app and providing feedback.
9.2 TEST CASES AND TEST RESULTS
Test Case Test Case Expected

Test Steps Actual Results Pass/Fail
ID Description Results
1. Enter
valid login User should
User is logged in
TC001 User login credentials be logged in Pass
successfully
2. Click on successfully
login button
1. Click on
"Add to cart" Item should
Item is added to
Add item to button for a be added to
TC002 the cart Pass
cart particular the cart
successfully
item successfully
2. View cart
1. Select
items in the
cart Order should
Place an Order is placed
TC003 2. Proceed to be placed Pass
order successfully
checkout successfully
3. Make
Payment
1. Click on
"Order User should
View order History" be able to User is able to
TC004 Pass
history button view past view past orders
2. View past orders
orders
1. Enter
search
Relevant
keyword in
items should Relevant items
Search for an the search
TC005 be displayed are displayed in Pass
item bar
in the search the search results
2. View
results
search
results
43
1. Click on
"Add Item"
button Item should
Item is added to
Add a new 2. Fill in be added to
TC006 the database Pass
item item details the database
successfully
3. Click on successfully
"Save"
button
1. Click on
"Delete
Item should
Item" button Item is deleted
be deleted
Delete an for a from the
TC007 from the Pass
item particular database
database
item successfully
successfully
2. Confirm
deletion
Table – 12: Test cases and test results
44
CHAPTER 10
RESULTS
45
10.1 Screen shots
Figure – 8: Splash Screen Canteen Figure – 9: Splash Screen User
46
Figure – 10: Login Page User Figure – 11: Sign Up Page User
47
Figure – 12: Select Order Page Figure – 13: Orders Page Canteen
User
48
Figure – 14: Menu Page User Figure – 15: Categories Page Canteen
49
CHAPTER 11
DEPLOYMENT AND
MAINTENANCE
50
11.1 INSTALLATION AND UN-INSTALLATION

[1] Installation instructions:
• Download the APK file from the college website onto your mobile
phone.
• Go to your phone’s Settings > Security and enable the “Unknown
Sources” option to allow installation from sources other than the Google
Play Store.
• Locate the downloaded APK file on your phone and tap on it to begin
the installation process.
• Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.
[2] Uninstallation instructions:

• Go to your phone’s Settings > Apps.
• Find the cafeteria app in the list of installed apps and tap on it.
• Tap on “Uninstall” and confirm your selection when prompted.
• Wait for the app to be uninstalled from your phone.
11.2 USER HELP

The user help option in the cafeteria app is designed to provide users with a way
to provide feedback and get help with using the app. It includes features such
as:
Contact Us: This feature will allow users to contact the support team via email.
FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) are included in the user help section
to provide users with answers to common questions they may have about the
app.
51
CHAPTER 12
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
SCOPE
52
12.1 CONCLUSION
This project aimed to address the challenges faced by college canteens through
the implementation of a comprehensive solution. By developing an online
ordering system, integrating convenient payment methods, and implementing
order management and analytics capabilities, the project aimed to improve
efficiency, convenience, and reducefood waste.
Throughout the project, the team successfully designed and developed a user-
friendly mobile or web-based application that allowed students to pre-order their
food, saving time and reducing waiting lines during breaks. The integration of
secure and convenient payment methods provided a seamless transaction
experience for both vendors and users.
Additionally, the implementation of an order management system enabled
vendors to efficiently handle incoming orders, track inventory, and generate
reports for analytics. This not only optimized food preparation and reduced
wastage but also provided valuable insights for future decision-making and
process improvement.
The project team actively engaged with canteen staff, management, and
students, ensuring their collaboration and gathering feedback to enhance the
solution's usability and effectiveness. Change management strategies were
employed to overcome resistance and foster user acceptance, resulting in
successful adoption of the new system.
Overall, the project effectively addressed the challenges faced by college
canteens, providing an improved and convenient canteen experience for students
while enhancingoperational efficiency and reducing food waste. The successful
implementation of the solution sets a foundation for scalability and potential
expansion to other institutions in the future.
It is important to continue monitoring and evaluating the system's performance,
gathering ongoing feedback from stakeholders, and making necessary
refinements to ensure its continued success and relevance in the evolving needs
of college canteens
12.2 FUTURE SCOPE

This simple yet comprehensive catering system has a huge scope to be adapted
by a wider audience to grow and expand the business. In future, there exits
opportunity to employ machine learning models to study the patterns of user’s
food order and predict the demand of various food items in menu in advance.
Machine Learning has found applications in many fields. Hence machine
learning can allow vendors to look upon the past data to adapt and drastically
increase the performance of their sales. Machine Learning frameworks like
TensorFlow Lite can be used to implement recommendation system for
personalized user experience.
53
ANNEXURE A
REFERENCES
54
[1] Ruksar Inamdar, Poorva Pawar, Shruti Jadhav, Latika Mahale, Nilesh Kulal.(2022).Food
Ordering System
[2] Prachi R. Saraf, Sakshi M. Jadhao, Saurabh J. Wanjari, Shital G. Kolwate, Prof. Ankush
D. Patil(2022), A Review on Firebase (Back-end as A Service) for Mobile Application
Development
[3] Kumar, Hemant & Jain, Muskan & Bajwa, Manpreet. (2021). Online Food Delivery App
‘Foodie’. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. 23. 761-771.
10.51201/JUSST/21/07200.
[4] M. Ambika, Saravana Kumar R, Sandhya S Nair, Ranjith Kumar S.(2020). Cashless
Canteen Management System
[5] Saxena, Anupriya & Gupta, Nimish. (2021). An Analysis of Online Food Home Delivery
and its impact on restaurants in India.
[6] Khawas, Chunnu & Shah, Pritam. (2018). Application of Firebase in Android App
Development-A Study. International Journal of Computer Applications. 179. 49-53.
10.5120/ijca2018917200.
[7] Adithya, Roshan & Singh, Abhishek & Pathan, Salma & Kanade, Vaishnav. (2017). Online
Food Ordering System. International Journal of Computer Applications. 180. 22-24.
10.5120/ijca2017916046.
[8] Kurniawan, Bagja & Abdul, M. (2019). Designing Food Ordering Application Based on
Android. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 662. 022070.
10.1088/1757-899X/662/2/022070.
[9] Avhad, Prashant and Bhanushali, Harsh and Bhatt, Keval and Rathod, Mansing, Canteen
Automation System with Payment Gateway (April 8, 2020).
[10] Hussain, Hina & Khan, Kamran & Farooqui, Faiza & Ali, Qasim & Siddiqui, Isma. (2021).
Comparative Study of Android Native and Flutter App Development.
55
ANNEXURE B
PROJECT PLANNER,
COMPETITION CERTIFICATE
56
Schedule Date Project Activity

1st Week 03/12/2022 Set up Firebase account and Integrating Firebase SDK
2nd Week 10/12/2022 Implementation of Auth screens
December
3rd Week 17/12/2022 Implementation of Home Page
4th Week 31/12/2022 Implementation of Cart Screen and Placing Order
1st Week 07/01/2023 Design of History Order Screen
2nd Week 13/01/2023 Implementation of Seller Interface
January
3rd Week 21/01/2023 Allow seller to add/delete item
4th Week 28/01/2023 Implementing Razorpay Test API
1st Week 04/02/2023 Implementation of logic to process orders
2nd Week 11/02/2023 Allow Sellers to display orders
February
3rd Week 25/02/2023 Implementation of Seller History Screen
4th Week 28/02/2023 Implementation of Earning Screen
1st Week 04/03/2023 Implementation of Order Details Screen
nd
2 Week 11/03/2023 Implementing logic to show status of orders
March rd
3 Week 18/03/2023 Comprehensive Testing of application
th
4 Week 25/03/2023 Finalizing User Interface
st
1 Week 01/04/2023 Testing to find any unseen Bugs
2nd Week 08/04/2023 Performance of Acceptance Testing
April
3rd Week 15/04/2023 Review with Guide for suggestions
4th Week 29/04/2023 Planning steps to accommodate changes
1st Week 06/05/2023 Research Paper Submission
2nd Week 13/05/2023 Presentation to Guide
May
3rd Week 20/05/2023 Accommodating Changes
4th Week 27/05/2023 Providing a real- environment ready project
Table – 13: Project Planner
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COMPETITION CERTIFICATES
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ANNEXURE C
PAPER, CERTIFICATE
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SURVEY PAPER:
Online Catering System for College Canteen

using Firebase
Saurabh Madake*1, Suraj Katariya #2, Aakif Khan#3, Suyog Magar#4and Anil Lohar#5
1,2,3,4
B.E. Computer Engineering
Anantrao Pawar College of Engineering and Research
Pune, India
5
Professor, Dept. Computer Engineering
Pune, India
*saurabhmadake10@gmail.com, #Katariyasuraj001@gmail.com, #aakifkhan2002@gmail.com,
#suyog.magar2000@gmail.com, #anil.lohar@abmspcoerpune.org
Abstract - Although they have long been a well-liked option for quick and practical meals, cafeterias are not without
problems. Customer dissatisfaction can be caused by long lines, sluggish payments, a lack of food options, and lengthy
preparation periods, which can also have an impact on the cafeteria business's overall effectiveness and profitability.
In order to address these issues, this survey paper outlines the creation of a cafeteria application utilising Flutter and
Firebase as a backend and a recommendation system. This study investigates how Flutter and Firebase can be used to
develop a scalable, reliable, and effective application that offers users a smooth experience. The article also looks at
how integrating a recommendation system might improve customer happiness and loyalty by enhancing the customer
experience.
Keywords - Cafeteria, Flutter, Firebase, Android Studio, Payment gateway
I. INTRODUCTION
Our daily lives have been significantly impacted by cafeterias, which give us a quick and practical eating
alternative. Customers have a number of difficulties when visiting cafeterias, including lengthy lines, sluggish
payment processes, a lack of their preferred goods, and protracted preparation periods. Customers become
dissatisfied as a result of these issues, and the cafeteria industry's general effectiveness and profitability are also
impacted. An efficient solution to these problems may be found by creating a cafeteria application with a
recommendation engine that uses Flutter and Firebase as a backend. Customers will be able to order and pay for
their meals using the application conveniently, without having to stand in long lines or worry about cash
transactions. The application may deliver real-time updates on the availability of food products by utilising
Firebase's real-time database functionality, lowering consumer dissatisfaction and raising overall customer
happiness. This survey report will cover the creation of a cafeteria application that can handle the numerous
problems that patrons encounter, such as long lines, sluggish payments, a lack of food options, and protracted
preparation periods. The paper will look at how Flutter and Firebase may be used to develop a scalable, reliable,
and effective application that offers users a frictionless experience. The presentation will also look at how
integrating a recommendation system might improve customer happiness and loyalty by enhancing the customer
experience.
II. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
The creation of mobile applications has fundamentally changed how companies run their operations, and
the food industry is no different. Mobile applications that give customers a quick and easy method to order and
pay for their meals have become increasingly popular, especially in cafeterias. The first mobile food ordering
applications were released in the early 2000s, which marks the beginning of the history of mobile applications in
the food business. These early applications weren't extensively used because of their restricted capability. The
need for mobile applications in the food industry has grown dramatically as a result of technological
advancements, the introduction of new development frameworks, and the widespread use of smartphones.
Cafeterias are creating their own mobile applications today to provide customers greater services.
The mobile application development framework Flutter, introduced by Google in 2017, enables
programmers to construct visually appealing and high-performing applications for both iOS and Android
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platforms. Launched in 2011 by Firebase Inc. and later purchased by Google, Firebase is a platform for building
mobile and web applications. It offers a variety of backend services, including cloud storage, real-time databases,
and authentication. The creation of a cafeteria application with a recommendation engine and a backend using
Flutter and Firebase has the potential to completely change how cafeterias run in the context of the cafeteria
business.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
In [1] the article "Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions"
explores the critical function of machine learning in the modern world. It emphasises how crucial it is to create
intelligent, automated applications employing a variety of data sources, including cybersecurity, IoT, and mobile
data. The author gives an overview of numerous machine learning algorithms and their practical uses in a variety
of industries, such as marketing, finance, healthcare, and transportation. Along with deep learning methods like
CNNs and RNNs, the paper discusses the operating principles of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement
learning algorithms. The discussion of future machine learning research prospects, notably in fields like
explainable AI, ethical AI, and privacy-preserving AI, marks the paper's conclusion.
In [2] a unique food ordering system for college canteens is proposed. It is termed "Food Ordering
Management using Recommendations." The system features an electronic menu for ordering and bill computation,
but it distinguishes itself by using the Apriori algorithm to provide consumers customised cuisine
recommendations. This system finds things that are commonly ordered and makes personalised recommendations.
In order to properly manage inventories and create menus, managers can also use the system to analyse customers'
culinary preferences. The suggested solution can streamline the ordering process, enhance the customer
experience, and give administrators useful information because college canteen clients are a diversified and
continuously shifting customer base. The design of the system is also presented, and the study uses several criteria
to assess its performance. Overall, the suggested system has the capacity to change how food is produced.
In [3] “Online Food Ordering Application Using ML and Android Studio," Rajat Deshmukh et al. suggest
a system that makes use of JSP, JAVA, HTML, and Oracle to build a reliable platform for customers to buy food
from eateries. An online menu, order tracking, order feedback, and customised hotel recommendations based on
user ratings are just a few of the services offered by this system. The system's objective is to improve the client
experience by offering a quicker and more customised ordering procedure. Restaurants may improve their menu
and better understand their consumers by using the system's personalised recommendations, which are based on
client preferences and generated by machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, using Android Studio offers a
user-friendly interface that makes placing an order simple.
In [4] the paper shows significance of a recommendation system for food delivery applications based on
the frequency of orders for various food items, time of day, and day of the week is emphasised in the academic
paper titled "Recommendation System for a Delivery Food Application Based on Number of Orders" by Claudia
N. Sánchez, Julieta Domnguez-Soberanes, Alejandra Arreola, and Mario Graff. For the development of such
systems, previous studies have suggested hybrid or machine learning models; one study even created a model
based on the frequency of orders for different food products and the day/week of the week. According to the
authors, creating a recommendation system based on these elements might greatly improve how users interact
with food delivery systems. This customised system can increase client happiness and loyalty as well as deliver
useful information.
In [5] the paper proposes an Intelligent Canteen Ordering System that utilizes machine learning
algorithms to enhance the ordering process in canteens. The system allows customers to place their orders through
a mobile application, which uses machine learning techniques to predict the customers' preferences based on their
previous orders. The system also includes a recommendation engine that suggests popular or highly rated menu
items to customers. The proposed system aims to reduce the waiting time for customers and enhance their overall
experience while also providing canteen operators with valuable insights on customer preferences and trends. The
authors conducted a case study to evaluate the system's efficiency and concluded that the system enhanced the
ordering process and increased customer satisfaction.
In [6] the significance of responsive design and social media integration in online meal ordering systems
has been examined in earlier studies. Md. Muminur Rehman covers the development of a social media-integrated,
responsive online meal ordering application in this article. Social media involvement increases client satisfaction
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and loyalty, according to studies. Users of food delivery applications can quickly share their orders, offer
feedback, and interact with other customers by incorporating social media into the apps. Additionally, responsive
design is essential for guaranteeing usability and accessibility on various devices. Social media integration into
responsive online meal ordering platforms can help to raise engagement levels, increase consumer happiness, and
eventually increase sales. Food service businesses may offer a more personalised and user-friendly experience by
utilising the power of social media and responsive design.
In [7] the article examines the potential uses of AI and ML in the food sector, emphasising several
applications for these technologies in areas like product creation, quality assurance, and food safety. Reducing
waste and enhancing food safety and cleanliness are all benefits of using AI and ML in the food business. In order
to identify tainted food goods, the paper describes how AI may be utilised for food image identification and
categorization. In order to forecast food demand and decrease food waste, the authors also cover how ML can be
utilised for predictive modelling. The authors conclude by highlighting the significance of AI and ML for the food
industry's future and urging more study in this field to improve food quality.
In [8] this essay explores the drawbacks and advantages of meal delivery applications as well as potential
technological solutions to these drawbacks. Applications for food delivery provide consumers more control over
their food choices, but issues with food safety continue to be a problem. According to the paper, using AI, ML,
and blockchain can increase order accuracy and data privacy. Additionally, these technologies can help to increase
food safety and decrease food waste. The research concludes that technological improvements and the rising need
for more effective and quick meal ordering systems will define the future of food delivery applications.
In [9] the study introduces a recommendation system for online food ordering that employs machine
learning and decision trees to offer users customised menu suggestions. The system was created to solve the
shortcomings of current systems, which frequently do not consider the popularity of goods or personalised food
recommendations. To solve this problem, the system uses collaborative filtering to group users who have similar
ordering histories and preferences together. The best menu items for each user are then predicted using decision
trees based on their past selections. The proposed solution, according to the paper's conclusion, can dramatically
raise user happiness and boost the proportion of loyal clients who use online meal ordering platforms again and
again.
In [10] the research suggests a machine learning and image recognition-based online ordering system for
meals. Customers can take pictures of the food products they want to order using the system, and the food items
are recognised by the system after processing the images. The system obtains a respectable level of accuracy in
identifying food items, according to the authors' evaluation of the system's performance using a collection of food
photos. The method can be improved, according to the authors, but additional effort is necessary to increase the
system's accuracy. The study offers a novel method for clients to order meals online that could potentially enhance
their ordering experience.
IV. METHODOLOGY
There are numerous stages to the suggested process for creating the cafeteria application utilising
tools like Android Studio, Flutter, Firebase Storage, Firestore Database, and others:
• Requirement Analysis: The development team will thoroughly analyse the requirements for the
cafeteria application at this phase, taking into account elements like order placement, scheduling,
payment gateways, earnings, and user interfaces.
• Design: The development team will produce a thorough design for the application based on the
requirements analysis. The user interface design, navigational flow, database schema, and other
technical information will be included.
• Development: During this stage, the development team will begin constructing the application with
Android Studio and Flutter. They will put the intended user interface into practise and incorporate
the necessary functionality, including payment gateway, Firebase Storage, and Firestore Database.
• Testing: The development team will carry out extensive testing when the application is completed to
find and fix any bugs or performance problems. They will guarantee that the application performs
as anticipated and complies with the stated standards.
• Deployment: The development team will put the software on the Google Play Store when it has been
extensively tested and any problems have been fixed, making sure it complies with all regulations
and standards.
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• Maintenance: After the programme is released, the development team will continue to provide
support and maintenance, including as-needed upgrades and bug fixes.
• User feedback: To identify any areas for improvement or new features that could be introduced to
improve the application, the development team will collect user feedback.
• Continuous Improvement: The development team will continuously update the programme based on
user feedback, adding new features and additions to make sure it satisfies the changing requirements
of users and the cafeteria business.
V. ARCHITECTURE
A cafeteria application's architecture can be broken down into different parts, including:
Figure – 16: System Architecture
• User Interface (UI): The user interface part of the application is in charge of designing an easy-to-
use and aesthetically pleasing user interface. Users should be able to place orders, schedule orders,
make payments, and monitor their earnings with ease thanks to the UI's design.
• Application Logic: This part of the application is in charge of carrying out the essential operations
of the application, such as responding to user queries, processing orders, maintaining the database,
and liaising with third-party services like payment gateways.
• Data Management: The data management component is in charge of storing and controlling the data
needed by the programme. Any database technology, including Firebase Firestore, may be used to
implement the data storage.
• Payment Gateway: The payment gateway component is in charge of processing user payments for
orders. The payment gateway ought to be trustworthy, safe, and simple to use.
• Recommendation Engine: Based on users' past orders, reviews, and preferences, the
recommendation engine component of the programme can optionally be incorporated to offer
customers personalised recommendations for food products.
VI. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Level 0: At this level, the Input and Output of the system are shown
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Figure – 17: DFD Level - 0

Level 1: For processing the order, process 1.0 is responsible.
Figure – 18: DFD Level – 1

Level 2: Detailed information about “Processing of an Order” is shown below:
Figure – 19: DFD Level – 2
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The working of the cafeteria application can be explained as follows:
• The user launches the application and enters their login information.
• The application interface is displayed to the user, who can then place orders, schedule orders, make
payments, and monitor their earnings.
• The user can look through the menu options and choose the dish they want to order.
• The application logic component processes the order after the user places it and puts the processed
order data in the database.
• When a scheduled order is selected by the user, the application logic component records the
information about the scheduled order in the database and notifies the user when the order is prepared
for pickup.
• The payment gateway component executes the payment and notifies the application logic component
of the payment status if the user decides to make a payment.
• The application logic component changes the earnings data in the database, and the user can view
their profits from the application interface.
• Users may elect to receive personalised food item recommendations from the recommendation
engine component based on their past orders, reviews, and preferences.
VI. RESEARCH GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Even if there are numerous mobile applications for ordering and receiving food, there are still holes in
the research that need to be filled. There is fewer functionality, unreliable payment methods, difficult-to-use online
apps, and terrible user interfaces in many older programmes. Due to these restrictions, these applications have a
low adoption rate, which makes it difficult for cafeterias to improve the customer experience.
To fill these knowledge gaps, a cafeteria application using Flutter and Firebase as a backend is being
developed. Customers may enjoy a seamless and effective experience thanks to the application, which can address
issues like long lines, hold-ups with payments, food shortages, and protracted preparation periods. This technology
may also give cafeterias up-to-the-minute availability notifications for food items, helping them manage their
inventory and cut waste. The cafeteria industry offers a huge breadth of possibility for this application. The
suggested application may make it possible for cafeterias to offer patrons a more practical and effective method
of ordering and paying for their meals. Furthermore, the app can offer insightful data on consumer behaviour and
preferences, helping cafeterias better understand their patrons and offer more specialised services. The creation of
such an application could improve cafeterias' productivity and financial success while giving their patrons a better
overall experience.
VII. FUTURE OUTLOOK
With an emphasis on enhancing the user experience and correcting the shortcomings of more established
applications, the development of a cafeteria application utilising Flutter and Firebase as a backend has a lot of
potential for the future. Firstly, by shortening wait times, streamlining the ordering procedure, and offering real-
time information on food availability, the proposed application can increase the effectiveness and profitability of
cafeterias. Additionally, the programme can offer insightful information on consumer behaviour and preferences,
helping cafeterias better understand their patrons and adjust their offerings to suit their needs. The proposed
application can also aid cafeterias in remaining competitive as the use of mobile applications increases by giving
patrons a quick and easy way to order and pay for their meals. Customer loyalty may be increased and the overall
customer experience improved by integrating elements like discounts and reward programmes. To further improve
the recommendation system and customise the user experience, it may be possible to investigate integrating
cutting-edge technology like AI and machine learning as the proposed application develops. The incorporation of
these payment options can also give clients more convenience and security as the use of cryptocurrencies and
digital payments increases.
VIII. CONCLUSION
The creation of a cafeteria application with Flutter and Firebase as a backend offers the chance to
overcome the difficulties that cafeterias encounter, like long lines, sluggish payments, a lack of food options, and
protracted preparation periods. By offering a straightforward and intuitive user interface, real-time updates on
food availability, and a variety of features to boost convenience and personalisation, the suggested application
seeks to improve the entire customer experience. The suggested application can considerably decrease wait times
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and boost cafeteria efficiency by automating the ordering process, offering real-time information on food
availability, and allowing users to plan orders in advance. Convenience for cafeterias and their patrons can both
be improved by the integration of payment methods and earnings tab. Overall, the building of a cafeteria
application with Firebase and Flutter as a backend offers a chance to make customers' experiences more effective,
practical, and pleasurable while boosting the cafeterias' profitability and competitiveness. The suggested
application has the potential to revolutionise the cafeteria business and enhance the general customer experience
by addressing the difficulties faced by cafeterias and utilising the capabilities of contemporary technologies.
REFERENCES
[1] Sarker, I.H (2021). Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions.
[2] M. Shaikh, Food (Oct. 2019). Ordering Management using Recommendations
[3] Rajat Deshmukh, Pankaj Taghare, Soham Jain, Tushar Kulwade, Mrs.Sunita Nandgave, Mrs.Mansi Bhonsle (Jan 2022) Online Food
Ordering Application Using ML and Android Studio
[4] N. Sánchez, J. Domínguez-Soberanes, A. Arreola, and M. Graff. (Feb 2023). Recommendation System for a Delivery Food Application
Based on Number of Orders
[5] Siti Fatimah Sulaiman, Mohd Amirul Hafiz Abdul Aziz, Nur Azlina Mohamed Mokhtar, Siti Suhaila Mohd Zain, Fatin Nabilah Mohd
Noor, and Nurfadhlina Mohd Sharef (2022). Intelligent Canteen Ordering System using Machine Learning
[6] Reza Mohammad Fahad Al Hossain (January 2018). Implementation of Responsive Online Food Ordering Application with Social
Media Integration
[7] Rizwan Khan (January 2022). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Food Industries: A Study
[8] Siri Srujana Karnala, Kaveri Koti, Shekina Prabhu Mekala (June 2022). Food Delivery Android Application
[9] H. Kim and S. Lee (2019). A recommendation system for online food ordering using decision trees and machine learning algorithm
[10] Anjana M, Soumya M, Dheeraj M (2020). Online Food Ordering system using Machine Learning and Image Recognition.
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SURVEY PAPER PUBLICATION CERTIFICATES:
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IMPLEMENTATION PAPER:
Online Catering System for College

Canteen using Firebase
Anil Lohar
Professor, Dept. Computer Engineering
Pune, India
anil.lohar@abmspcoerpune.org
Suraj Katariya
Pune, India
katariyasuraj001@gmail.com
Aakif Khan
Pune, India
aakifkhan2002@gmail.com
Suyog Magar
Pune, India
suyog.magar2000@gmail.com
Saurabh Madake
Pune, India
saurabhmadake10@gmail.com
Abstract - An online catering system is an android based mobile application that allows
businesses and vendors to manage orders and accept hassle free payments. The main aim
of our project is to provide the users with an interface that allows them to order food
based upon their choice and not on the basis on availability. Also, the application focuses
on providing a platform for small vendors to digitalize their food business and improve
their revenue using analytics. The users are also provided with a feature to schedule an
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order in advance to save time and avoid long queues. The integrated payment system will
allow to accept payments in real time without worrying about collecting cash and giving
change. The application uses Firebase as a back-end service for real-time databases,
authentication, and faster deployment.
Key Words: Firebase, Canteen Management, Android development, Food Ordering
1.INTRODUCTION
The IT industry is changing the world rapidly and constantly. There are new innovations every
day in order to make the life of common people easy and less hectic. But still there are many
areas that remain unnoticed and unorganized. One of the most recent we out-looked was the
management of the college canteens. The life of a student is a bit busy and hectic due to
recursive work calls. Also, a student deals with long queues and improper order management
in college canteen. Thus, to solve this issue and make a student's life more convenient, we came
up with a solution i.e., an open-source food catering system that will allow institutions and
colleges to implement the app for efficient order management withease. The online catering
system that we are proposing is a one stop tool for food ordering and accepting cashless
payments. Also, the food vendor is provided with a system by which he can tackle the issues
of both food wastage and food inadequacy. The Catering System uses Firebase as a back-end
for rapid development. It uses Firebase's real time database to process orders efficiently.
1.1 Overview
This food ordering solution benefits both the students and the vendors in a supporting and
comprehensive environment. The online food ordering app consists of a menu showcasing
various food items available for ordering. The customer interface will have an option for
scheduling advance orders to receive his food on the go. The customer can easily track his
order history. Also, after successful payment, an invoice will be generated for future reference.
The vendor will be able to track the order count and edit the food menu. Also, the vendor will
be able to check his daily revenue generated.
Due to lack of such interfaces and high management cost, canteens in institutions refrain from
taking their business online. Hence this food catering system will give them an opportunity to
manage the food kitchen effectively and provide good customer service to the users. The
proposed system will let users schedule and order food on a click irrespective of long queues
or location. The students will no longer have to deal with long waiting time for food and can
concentrate on more important aspects.
The proposed system is an approach to deal with high volatility in rush hours. During breaks
or lunch time, the vendor deals with multiple orders and payments. Both the teachers and
students have to wait for long time to get their food ready during breaks which not only wastes
time but also decreases productivity. This application will act as a medium to succumb these
needs without any extra effort. We chose this project in order to bridge the gap between the
customer requirements and vendor's food availability. The problem seems small and thus we
have been inconsiderate about it from the point of view of both customer and vendor.
2. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK

In [1] The system proposed is online food ordering system. This system can remove the
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problem of standing in long queues and save time which is spent in commuting. The system
will have three sides i.e., client side, delivery side and admin side. This app will take orders
from client side and send them to admin side. The admin i.e., the restaurant/mess will cook the
food according to order received. The app will give notification to delivery boy for pickup and
track his location. Once the food is delivered, the delivery boy needs to confirm that food is
delivered.
In [2] In-depth research is conducted on various Back-end as a Service platforms. The

platforms on which apps are made have different SDK’s. Firebase is one such platform to
develop mobile and web apps. This paper did a comparison between Firebase and AWS and it
was concluded that Firebase is most suitable for back-end. The reason behind this being cost
effectiveness and simplicity of Firebase.
In [3] The system proposed is an app “FOODIE” which allows users to order from two or more
different restaurants simultaneously. The users can login to app through Aadhaar verification
which is safe for transactions. The main advantage of FOODIE over other apps is that it allows
ordering food from more than one restaurant, and it does not ask for minimum order amount.
If someone is new to that area, they can use FOODIE app’s “explore” function and check
different restaurants in neighborhood.
In [4] The research is about cashless canteen management system. Many times, there’s issue
with paying in cash. Everyone has to manage their cash and many times shops face problem of
returning balance money. The students and teachers have to stand in long queues to pay for
food as it takes lot of time to take money and give back balance to each person. The system
focuses on digitizing all processes for canteen management.
In [5] A survey-based research is done to check how online food delivery applications are
affecting general public. According to her survey the online food system is highly demandable
and efficient. By ordering online there is very less chance of human error. The customers can
choose from variety of restaurants, and they also get coupons, offers or loyalty benefits.
According to survey, only 17% people never ordered food online and 71% believe that in future
the online food ordering business is bright.
In [6] The paper majorly focuses on applications of Firebase. Firebase is used to build high
quality apps by storing data in JSON which does not use queries for CRUD operations. The
paper has discussed services of Firebase like Analytics, FCM, Auth, storage, crash reporting,
etc. The paper also did a comparison check between Firebase and other RDBMS like SQL and
MS SQL. It also showed how to add and use Firebase in android applications.
In [7] The system proposed in this paper is online food delivery application for people who
move from city to city. This application will deliver food to users living in hostel rooms or
outside somewhere else. They can order food from any restaurant or mess and the food will be
delivered to their place. Also, users can select from restaurants or home-based food services.
As people shift to new cities, they are suspicious about hygiene and food quality. This option
will help users select from different places.
In [8] The proposed system consists of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for managing food
ordering system. The current system is managed by humans which causes lot if errors. This
system will be managed by machine which will lessen human errors. It will manage whole
ordering system from taking orders and sending it to restaurant.
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In [9] The canteen is automated by using payment gateway. The app used for this project is a
food delivery app. It is like any other food delivery app, but the difference is that it is connected
to payment gateway. Many times, it is a hassle to pay in cash because if we do not pay exact
amount the restaurant have to give us balance and sometimes that is a problem. This will
remove problem of using cash and we can pay exact amount.
In [10] The paper did performance comparison between Flutter SDK and Android SDK. Two
separate applications were made using Flutter and android. Many parameters were compared
like their response time, memory consumption, processing power and app size. Their
performance parameters were calculated using third party tools and in real time. It was
concluded that in terms of memory usage Android is better than flutter. In power usage, both
apps consume same power and in FPS flutter has better performance. A survey was also
conducted from one hundred developers, and it was concluded that almost 51% use Flutter and
rest 49% use Android.
In [11] The paper investigates the relevance of electronic food ordering system for students in
Kuala Terengganu. The study conducted found that many students are ready to use electronic
food ordering services. The reason behind this is attractive marketing, convenience for
customer and problems faced during COVID-19. This study also emphasizes importance of
such systems for local restaurants during the pandemic.
In [12] The paper talks about development of a school ordering system called "Kantin Online
system". The emphasis is put on user centered design. The paper concludes with expert
evaluation of system design and future scope.
In [13] The article explores development of a smart order system for restaurants. This system
investigates network capabilities to improve data communication and management in
restaurants. The results says that system works fine as planned.
In [14] The study employs wireless technology to provide a quick and smart alternative to order
food within an institute. The customer can place order using a keypad and through this order
will be received by kitchen of canteen. This order will be displayed at kitchen screen and
payment can be accepted using smart devices. This project saves the time of ordering and
payment.
In [15] The research paper aims to use tablet menus in restaurants. This system also provides a
new system which uses recommendation algorithm to suggest new dishes. This paper
underscores the importance of providing values to both businesses and customers but prioritize
customers.
In [16] The paper is about implementation of Online Food Ordering System application that
allows customers to place their orders and provide details. This system has all the basic
functions like processing the payment and see orders placed.
In [17] The research paper proposes a food ordering system using web-based application. The
aim of this system is to provide more efficient and easier way for customers to order food while
allowing restaurants to manage everything from a single desktop.
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In [18] The paper talks about the need for technology in restaurants to improve service and
business. It reports implementation of a system that puts priority on user utility and efficiency
and accuracy to reduce human error.
In [19] The paper discusses use of technology in modern restaurants to enhance quality of
service and enhance customer's dining experience. This paper focuses on restaurants which
uses innovative technologies like mini-touch LCD with some other components.
In [20] The paper is about online food ordering system which is used in food delivery industry.
This system helps restaurants to increase their business scope by reducing the labor costs.
Customers can browse through menu and place order very easily and employees can process
these orders through an easy GUI.
3. METHODOLOGY
The prime target of this food ordering module is Food Vendor who wish to digitalize their
business with online orders and payment. This module also addresses the concerns of college
student who will use this service for ordering food in advance to save time. An admin is the
superuser responsible for distribution of app over multiple vendors.
User The potential user for the application is a
Teacher/Student who wants to order food
from the cafeteria in advance.
Food The Food Vendor is a person/entity that
Vendor wishes to digitalize their business by
providing online food services. His main role
is to manage menu.
Admin An admin is the superuser responsible for
distribution of app over multiple vendors.
Table – 14: Users
3.1 System Architecture

The architecture of the provided solution is as follows:
Figure – 20: System Architecture
The application uses Flutter, a cross- development tool used to design user-interface for mobile
applications. It allows use of various dynamic elements to make user experience more
75
interactive. The catering system makes use of various APIs for data storage, data retrieval, user
authentication and payment services. Firebase as a back-end service has applications in many
scenarios like real-time database, push messaging, user authentication, cloud database, etc.
The main components of the proposed system are as follows:
1. Mobile Application: The interface of the android application is designed using
Google’s Flutter. Customers will use this UI to discover food items, order food,
schedule orders, make payment and display order history.
2. Backend Services: The system uses Firebase as Backend to interact with the database
and retrieve items, orders, and food categories.
3. Database: Firebase Cloud Firestore is used to store user/vendor data, order data and
items data.
4. API Gateway: The API Gateway is an entity that manages all the services provided by
the application like authentication, payment and order services.
5. Notification Service: Users are sent notifications using Firebase’s push notification
service.
3.2 Numerical Formulation
The development of the food ordering and scheduling system for an entity or environment
might consider the following parameters:
• Number of users: 500-600 (‘n’)
• Number of food items in menu: 40 (‘m’)
• Number of orders in queue: (‘O’)
• Average Preparation Time for food item: 10 minutes (TI)
• Number of chefs: 2 (k)
• Average time taken by chef to prepare food: 10 minutes (TC)
• Based upon the above parameters, following terminologies can be coined. Order
Waiting Time: It is time taken to process all orders minus the time taken for last order.
TW = (O - 1) * max (TI) / k
• Order Processing Time: It is the maximum time taken to prepare any food item. It
includes the Waiting Time (TW) that might occur while dispensing the order.
TP = max (TI) + TW
By optimizing the above conditions, the efficiency of Cafeteria application can be improved to
offer better customer services and process orders in real time.
3.3 Database Design
The application uses Cloud Firestore which is a No-SQL Database. The Database consist of
multiple collections which are illustrated as follows:
76
Figure – 21: Database Design
3.4 Technology Stack

The food ordering system uses Flutter as a frontend tool to develop an intuitive User Interface
for user and Firebase as a Backend service for authentication, database connectivity and
managing orders.
Figure – 22: Technology Stack

4. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
4.1 Development Process
The Development Process Model to be adopted in the development of food catering system is
Waterfall model. The waterfall model is an effective approach that develops the architecture of
the model in a linear and sequential approach.
The various phases in Waterfall model are −
• Requirement Gathering and analysis − In this phase, all the requirements from vendor
were gathered and analysed.
• System Design − This phase comprised of developing the base architecture of the
system to be developed. The design helps in defining all the basic components of the
system and provide an comprehensive development strategy.
77
• Implementation – The System Design from the previous phase is utilised to develop the
from scratch. This phase comprises of creating small programs called units.
• Integration and Testing – All the created units are then integrated into a system and then
tested for any failures or faults.
• Deployment of system – Once all the functionalities of the Cafeteria App are tested, it
will be deployed for acceptance testing by teachers and students.
• Maintenance – After the deployment of the application, some issues might occur in the
client environment. To fix these bugs and enhance the customer experience,
maintenance is to be done.
4.2 Programming and Tools
The application was developed using the Dart Language supported by Flutter Framework. Dart
is a popular programming language developed by Google to create cross platform client
applications. Dart is a class and object-oriented language that has similar syntax as Java and C
. It is intended to be quick, adaptable, and simple to learn. The Dart programming language is
used by Google's Flutter mobile application development framework. It enables programmers
to create optimal and high-scalable applications with rapid deployment. Application’s backend
services are configured using Firebase which offer multiple functionalities like real-time
databases, cloud storage, authentication, analytics, and many more.
4.3 Database Implementation
The database of the application is implemented using two main components: Firebase Storage
and Cloud Storage. The Google Firebase platform includes Firebase Storage, a cloud-based
storage service that is used to store user data such as images. It enables developers to securely
store and retrieve user-data including images, videos, audio files, and other file types like PDFs
or documents. A cloud-based NoSQL document database called Firebase Cloud Firestore is
offered by Google as a component of the Firebase platform. Developers can use Cloud Firestore
to save data in JSON format and retrieve it by generating both simple and composite queries.
4.4 User Interface Implementation
The admin component of the Food ordering system has a simpler method for adding and
managing restaurants. By supplying the vendors name, email, address, phone, the admin can
add new restaurants with ease. A NoSQL database houses all this data. Once a restaurant is
added, the system generates a unique ID for the restaurant. Alternatively, a Vendor can sign up
for the online services using the Cafeteria Business Application. These requests are moderated
by the admin panel. After successful onboarding, the vendor will be able to add new categories
and items in the menu by adding some details. Each unique vendor will be provided with a
custom user’s app. This makes the application more suitable for organizations like colleges,
businesses, companies. The user’s app will contain all the food categories and items uploaded
by subsequent vendor. The item contains an image, its title, short description and price. The
user can add the items to a cart with some simple clicks as it is a user-friendly interface. After
this, user will be able to schedule/place order after completion of successful payment.
• The mobile app will serve requests by communicating with the API gateway. API gateway
will handle authentication, authorization, and payment.
78
• Distinct services like user onboarding, placing order and payment service will use NoSQL
databases. This database is highly scalable to deal with large cluster of users and concurrent
orders.
• Information about various vendor and their menus are stored in the database as a collection.
• Once the user adds the items to a cart, he can choose to either schedule the order or checkout
right away. After Successful payment, older will be placed and displayed to respective food
vendor.
• The order details are stored as a collection in the database with its status. This status can
take different values during the lifetime of an order from getting ready to pick up.
4.5 Functionalities and Features Implementation
The User-Interface consist of a Login Screen at the start of the application. The user can either
decide to sign up using name, email, phone and password or sign in using his/her login
credential successful login, the Homepage is displayed which contains different categories of
food for user to choose from. These Categories include Chinese, Beverages, Snacks, South
Indian, etc. Each category contains different food items. The User can add different food items
to the cart by navigating through the app. On the top right Corner, a Cart button is displayed
with a quantity number that suggests the number of items present in cart. On the review Cart
Page, all the added items are displayed with the total cost. At this point the user has two options,
either to directly checkout and make payment or schedule the order first before confirming the
order. All the Orders are segregated based upon the order status which can be accessed using
the bottom navigation bar.
The application provides various features through different modules.
They are as follows:
[1] Users App:
• Searching Menu: The user can search for the item using the Search bar present at the
top of the screen.
• Order Placement: The user can review the cart items and proceed to place the order
after successful payment through various modes.
• Payment Gateway Integration: The users have multiple options to settle their payment.
It includes methods like cards, pay later, UPI, wallets.
• Order Scheduling: User can place an advance order for food pickup at zero hassle.
• Order History: User will be able to see the current orders and order history to keep a
track.
[2] Vendor App:

• Menu: Vendor can add/delete food items based on their availability.
• Order Status: Vendor can use the interface to change the status of order like prepared,
picked, etc.
79
• View Orders: Vendor will be able to see the new orders as well as past orders to keep
a track of the sales.
• View Sales: Vendor will be able to display his total earning through the app.
[3] Admin Panel:

• Vendor management: Moderators can manage all the vendors directly from the admin
panel by adding, changing, or removing any vendor from the database.
• Business Analytics: Admins may gain real-time insights into reports using the analysis
and report tools, which can help to evaluate their business decisions and improve
customer retainment.
5. RESULTS AND EVALUATION
An online food ordering system is developed that will provide vendors and students with a
platform to meet their cross-requirements and bridge the gap between their needs. The students
no longer need to wait in queues for their food to be ready. Instead, they can schedule an order
in advance and receive it on specified time without any hassle. The vendor no longer has to
deal with issues regarding food unavailability, cash payments, and poor order management. At
last, the developed application is a great initiative to digitalize local environment and provide
a solution to a problem that we confront daily and low key remains unattended. Also, Firebase
is a great platform for application management that provides a one-stop solutions for most of
the problems faced by a developer.
Traditional Cafeteria
Metric
Approach App
Ordering 8min 1 min
Time
Order 30min 10min
Processing
Time
Order Pickup 5min 0.5min
Time
Order 85% 98%
Accuracy
Customer Poor Excellent
Experience
Average Rs.40 Rs.75
Order Value
Table – 15: Application Performance
5.1 Comparison with Other Systems
During the research phase, several similar projects were discovered. In comparison to these
projects, our application offers several advantages. The detailed comparison of our Cafeteria
Application with other such platforms is tabulated as follows:
80
Cafeteria
Criteria Other Applications
Application
User- Visually Generic and Sluggish
Interface Appealing
Features Order They Majorly Focus on
Scheduling, Just Placing the Order.
Earning Screen,
Order Status,
Payment
Integration
Platform It Is Android These are Web Based
Based
Database It uses Cloud Relational Databases
Usage Firestore
Business It provides a The applications are
modular stand-alone and does
approach that not provide facility to
helps in creating customize according to
personalized needs.
application for
different
vendors
according to
their needs.
Table – 16: Comparison with Other Applications
6. CONCLUSION
An online food ordering system is developed that will be provide vendors and students with a
platform to meet their cross-requirements and bridge the gap between their needs. The students
no longer need to wait in queues to get their food ready. Instead, they can schedule an order in
advance and receive it on specified time without any hassle. The vendor no longer must deal
with issues regarding cash payments and poor order management. Also, Firebase is a great
platform for application management that provides a one stop solutions for most of the
problems faced by a developer.
7. FUTURE SCOPE
This simple yet comprehensive catering system has a huge scope to be adapted by a wider
audience to grow and expand the business. In future, there exits opportunity to employ machine
learning models to study the patterns of user’s food order and predict the demand of various
food items in menu in advance. Machine Learning has found applications in many fields. Hence
machine learning can allow vendors to look upon the past data to adapt and drastically increase
the performance of their sales. Machine Learning frameworks like TensorFlow Lite can be
used to implement recommendation system for personalized user experience.
81
REFERENCES
[1] Ruksar Inamdar, Poorva Pawar, Shruti Jadhav, Latika Mahale, Nilesh Kulal.(2022).Food
Ordering System
[2] Prachi R. Saraf, Sakshi M. Jadhao, Saurabh J. Wanjari, Shital G. Kolwate, Prof. Ankush
D. Patil (2022), A Review on Firebase (Back-end as A Service) for Mobile Application
Development
[3] Kumar, Hemant & Jain, Muskan & Bajwa, Manpreet. (2021). Online Food Delivery App
‘Foodie’. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. 23. 761-771.
10.51201/JUSST/21/07200.
[4] M. Ambika, Saravana Kumar R, Sandhya S Nair, Ranjith Kumar S.(2020). Cashless
Canteen Management System
[5] Saxena, Anupriya & Gupta, Nimish. (2021). An Analysis of Online Food Home Delivery
and its impact on restaurants in India.
[6] Khawas, Chunnu & Shah, Pritam. (2018). Application of Firebase in Android App
Development-A Study. International Journal of Computer Applications. 179. 49-53.
10.5120/ijca2018917200.
[7] Adithya, Roshan & Singh, Abhishek & Pathan, Salma & Kanade, Vaishnav. (2017).
Online Food Ordering System. International Journal of Computer Applications. 180. 22-
24. 10.5120/ijca2017916046.
[8] Kurniawan, Bagja & Abdul, M. (2019). Designing Food Ordering Application Based on
Android. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 662. 022070.
10.1088/1757-899X/662/2/022070.
[9] Avhad, Prashant and Bhanushali, Harsh and Bhatt, Keval and Rathod, Mansing, Canteen
Automation System with Payment Gateway (April 8, 2020).
[10] Hussain, Hina & Khan, Kamran & Farooqui, Faiza & Ali, Qasim & Siddiqui, Isma. (2021).
Comparative Study of Android Native and Flutter App Development.
[11] Noorazlin Ramli, Fatimah Abd Ghani, Wan Nazriah Wan Nawawi, Hayati Adilin Mohd
Abd Majid (2020). Intention to Use Online Food Ordering Services Among Universities
Students During COVID-19 Pandemic.
[12] Diyana Binti Halim Khoo, Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun, Saiful Izwan Suliman (2020).
Requirements engineering for User-centered school food ordering system.
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[13] Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Herdawatie Abdul, Kadir Nadiah Ahmad (2008).
Implementation of Network-based Smart Order System.
[14] Snehal Hemant Akhade, Sonal Kisan Divekar, Pallavi Vishwanath Shinde, Ruchita
Ravindra Gadekar, Assist Prof. Meenakshi Saraon (2017). Food Ordering System
(Wireless Institute Food Ordering System with Auto Billing).
[15] Dr. Vinayak Ashok Bharadi, Vivek Ranjan, Nikesh Masiwal, Nikita Verma (2013). e-
Restaurant: Online Restaurant Management System for Android.
[16] Mayakumar Patel (2015). Online Food Order System for Restaurants.
[17] Varsha Chavan, Priya Jadhav, Snehal Korade and Priyanka Teli (2015). Implementing
Customizable Online Food Ordering System using Web Based Application.
[18] Sainath Reddy K, Chaitanya KGK, Abhinav M and Feiroz Khan TH (2016). An Online
Food Court Ordering System
[19] Ashwini Bankar, Mamta Mahajan (2015). Review paper on - Design of Intelligent
restaurant with a touch screen-based Menu Ordering System.
[20] Arfa Hassan, Salma Rashid, Raheela Khan, Shazia Saqib (2018). Automated food ordering
system.
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CONFERENCE PPT:
84
85
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87
88
89
90
Research Paper Presentation:
91
92
ANNEXURE D
PLAGIARISM REPORT
93
SURVEY PAPER PLGIARISM REPORT:
94
IMPLEMENTATION PAPER PLAGIARISM REPORT:
95
ANNEXURE E
FINAL PRESENTATION
HANDOUT
96
97
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99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
ANNEXURE F
INFORMATION OF PROJECT
GROUP MEMBERS
110
1) Name: Aakif Khan

2) Date of Birth: 30 July 2002
3) Gender: Male
4) Permanent Address: A-4/11, Bramha Estate, Near Jyoti hotel, Kondhwa, Pune-
411048
5) E-Mail: aakifkhan2002@gmail.com
6) Mobile/Contact No.: 9130195215
7) Paper Published:
• International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
• International Conference on Computational Intelligence and XAI (ICCIXAI-2023)
111
1) Name: Saurabh Madake

2) Date of Birth: 10 Nov 2001
3) Gender: Male
4) Permanent Address:43/337 Laxmi Nagar, Parvati, Pune-411009
5) E-Mail: saurabhmadake10@gmail.com
7) Paper Published:
112
1) Name: Suraj Katariya

3) Gender: Male
4) Permanent Address: Flat No. 28, Narayan Complex, Sukhsagar Nagar,
Katraj, Pune - 411046
5) E-Mail: katariyasuraj001@gmail.com
7) Paper Published:
113
1) Name: Suyog Magar

3) Gender: Male
4) Permanent Address: B-6, Urban Bank Colony, Station Road, Ahmednagar
5) E-Mail: suyog.magar2000@gmail.com
7) Paper Published:
114

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A PROJECT ON

Online Catering System for College Canteen using

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

AAKIF KHAN EXAM NO: B191104201

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. ANIL LOHAR

Department of Computer Engineering

This is to certify that the project report entitles

Prof. Anil Lohar Prof. Rama Gaikwad

External Examiner Prof (Dr). Sunil B. Thakare

We are also grateful to Prof. Rama Gaikwad Head Computer Engineering

04 Problem Definition and scope 15

06 Software requirement specification 29

6.3 Data Model and Description 32

07 Detailed Design Document using Appendix A and B 36

11 Deployment and Maintenance 50

ACM Association for Computing Machinery

FIGURES ILLUSTRATION Page NO.

5.3.2 Figure – 1: Task Network 27

TABLE ILLUSTRATION Page NO.

1.9 Table – 1: Journal Papers Supporting Project Idea 8

1.1 PROJECT TITLE

1.2 INTERNAL GUIDE

1.3 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS (AS PER ACM KEYWORDS)

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.6 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

1.7 RELEVANT MATHEMATICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT

Success Conditions: User will get their order confirmed.

1.8 NAMES OF CONFERENCES / JOURNALS WHERE PAPERS CAN BE

1.9 Review of Conference/Journal Papers supporting Project idea

side. This app will take orders

usage, both apps consume same

have increased due to additional

Gpay & Paytm. This will

ordering business is bright. The

2.1 AREA OF PROJECT

2.2 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS

3.1 PROJECT IDEA

3.2 MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT

3.3 LITERATURE SURVEY

In [2] In-depth research is conducted on various Back-end as a Service

In [5] A survey-based research is done to check how online food delivery

In [6] The paper majorly focuses on applications of Firebase. Firebase is used

4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

4.1.1 Goals and Objectives

4.1.2 Statement of Scope

4.2 MAJOR CONSTRAINTS

4.3 METHODOLOGIES OF PROBLEM SOLVING AND EFFICIENCY ISSUES

• We had prioritized User Interface: We had focused on developing a user-

• We had carefully selected Payment Gateway: We had ensured that we selected

• We had conducted Comprehensive Compatibility Testing: We had tested the

application on various devices, screen sizes, and operating systems to ensure

• We had implemented Robust Data Security Measures: We had implemented

• We had Ensured Speed and Performance: We had optimized the application to

4.6 HARDWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

Sufficient RAM is necessary to

4.7 SOFTWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED

5.1 PROJECT ESTIMATES

5.1.1.2 Time Estimates

[2] Design - 2 weeks

[3] Implementation - 6 weeks