4/11/24, 5:14 PM Different types of cirral activity of barnacles | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.

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Article

Different types of cirral

activity of barnacles
D. J. Crisp and A. J. Southward
Published: 20 July 1961
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1961.0003

Abstract
From direct observation and from cinematographic
records five different types of cirral activity have been
recognized in sessile barnacles. They are, arranged in
increasing degree of muscular and cirral movement: (1)
testing, in which the valves hardly open and the cirri are
not protruded; (2) pumping, in which strong rhythmic
   
Details References Related Figures
movements of the operculum occur, but the cirri are 

protruded only slightly, and not extended; (3) normal Back to top

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4/11/24, 5:14 PM Different types of cirral activity of barnacles | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

beat, a development of pumping, but with the cirri fully

extended and withdrawn in rhythm with the opercular
This Issue
movements; (4) fast beat, with less opercular movement,
but strong and fast rhythmic cirral movements; (5) 20 July 1961
extension, in which the cirri are held outside the shell for Volume 243, Issue 705
varying periods without rhythmic movements. Stalked
barnacles show simpler cirral activity, without regular
rhythmic movements. The internal current which passes Article Information
through the mantle cavity during normal beat and DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1961.0003
pumping in sessile species is considered to be primarily Published by: Royal Society
respiratory. The flow is shown to be sufficient for this
History:
purpose, and the energy expended in driving it through
Manuscript received 26/10/1960
is calculated to be comparatively small. Further
Published online 01/01/1997
respiratory exchange of importance in fast beat and Published in print 20/07/1961
extension takes place via the larger cirri, which are
distended and emptied of body fluids during cirral
activity. In laboratory experiments under various License:
conditions the balanoids alone showed the full range of
Scanned images copyright © 2017, Royal Society
movements. The Chthamalidae showed less rhythmic
activity and no fast beat, while the stalked barnacles
relied mainly on extension. These differences limit the
habitats available to the latter groups, as compared with Article Metrics View all metrics

the Balanidae. Micro-feeding, with the smaller cirri used

as a filter, can take place during pumping and normal
beat, but is less efficient, to judge from rates of filtration,
than captorial feeding on larger particles, when the
larger cirri are employed. Fast beat is particularly well
adapted to captorial feeding in still water, extension to
captorial feeding in moving water. A wide range of food
particles was found to be ingested, of sizes varying from

a few microns to several millimetres; proteinaceous
materials, such as planktonic animals and chopped Back to top

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4/11/24, 5:14 PM Different types of cirral activity of barnacles | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

lamellibranch muscle were most readily utilized,

phytoplankton less so, while pure fats and starches
passed unchanged through the gut. The
interrelationship of cirral movements, feeding, and
respiratory exchange is traced through the possible
course of evolution of cirripedes, to the culmination in
the most highly developed group, the Balanidae.
Footnotes
This text was harvested from a scanned image of the
original document using optical character recognition
(OCR) software. As such, it may contain errors. Please
contact the Royal Society if you find an error you would
like to see corrected. Mathematical notations produced
through Infty OCR.

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4/11/24, 5:14 PM Different types of cirral activity of barnacles | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
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