REVIEWER IN THE LIVING IT ERA

HISTORY OF ICT:
- ICT, or information and communications technology is the insfrastructure and
components that enable modern computing.

4 STAGES OF COMPETENCE

1. UNCONCIOUS INCOMPETENCE
( the learner isn’t aware that a skill or knowledge gap exist)
2. CONCIOUS INCOMPETENCE
( the learner is ware of a skill or knowledge gap and understanda the importance
of acquiring the new skill)
3. CONCIOUS COMPETENCE
( the learners knows how to use the skill or perform the task)
4. UNCONCIOUS COMPETENCE
( the individual has enough experience with the skill that he/she perform)

TIPS FOR MOVING THROUGH THE FOUR STAGES OF COMPETENCE

1. INDETIFY YOUR STRENGTHS AMD WEAKNESSES

2. SET REALISTIC GOALS
3. FIND MENTOR OR COACH
4. PRACTICE REGULARLY
5. BE PATIENT

COMPUTER
- is a programmable machine
- an electronic device that manipulates information or data.
3 PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
▪︎it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well- defined manner.
▪︎it can execute pre-recorded list of instructions
▪︎it can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

WEB:
- consists of information organized into web pages contaiming text and graphic images.
- is a larger collection of interconnected documents or content.

SIR TIMOTHY JOHN BERNERS-LEE

- inventors of world wide web
- also known as TimBL
- english engineer
- computer scientist

WEB 1.0
- read only static web
- old internet that only allows people to read from the internet
- uses tables to positions and align elements on page.

EX. Mp3

WEB 2.0
- read-write interactive web
- new generation of web services and applications with increasing emphasis on human
collaboration.

EX. Social Networking

KEY FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

- folksonomy
- rich user interface
- user participation
- long tail

WEB 3.0
- read-write intellegent web
- the third generation of world wide web
- open to everyone
- all application on web or mobile are upgraded with features.

TYPES OF WEBSITE

▪︎eCommerce website
- Is a website people can directly buy products, mostly bigger and smaller brands have
ones.

▪︎business website
- Any website that is devoted to representing a specific business.

▪︎entertainment website
- Specifically it talks about the social media platforms like facebook, tiktok, youtube
▪︎portfolio website
- Are sites devoted to showing examples of past work

▪︎media website
- Collect news stories or other reporting.

▪︎brochure website
- Are simplified form of business website.

▪︎nonProfit website
- Easiest way for many potential donors to make donation.

▪︎educational website
- The website of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the
category of educational website.

▪︎infopreneur website
- They represent a unique type of online business.

▪︎personal website
- This category invludes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the
world.

▪︎web portal
- A websites designed for internal purposes of business, organization and institutions.

▪︎wiki or community forum website

 - Is any website where various users are able yo collaborate on content.

THE INTERNET
- is the largest computer network in the world that connects billions of computer.
- internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and “network”.

NETWORK
- Is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels and
transmission.

BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET

- ARPA ( advanced research project agency) January 2, 1979- started an experimental computer
network.
- in 1982 the word internet started.

Vinton Gray Cerf

- An american internet pioneer and is recognized as one of “the fathers of the internet”

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INTERNET

ENUMERATION:

1: SERVERS
- Is a computer programs that provides services to another computer program and its user.

TYPES OF SERVERS
▪︎application servers ( a program in computer that provides the business logic for an
application program)
▪︎web server ( a computer program that serves requested html pages or file)
▪︎proxy server ( is a software that acts as intermediary between an end point device)
▪︎mail server ( is an application that receives incoming mail from local users and remote
senders forward outgoing email for deliver).
▪︎file server ( is a computer responsible for central storage and management data files)
▪︎policy server ( is a security component policy based network at provides authorization
services and facilitates tracking and control of files)

2: IP ADDRESS ( internet protocol)

- is a numerical label assigned to each device.
- this provides identity to a network device.

3: BROWSER
- Is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.

4: DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)

- is the phonebook of internet.
- we access information through domain names.

5: INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDE ( ISP)

- Is an organization that provides services accessing, using or participating in the internet.

TWO TYPES OF ISP

- national isp ( provided internet access to a specific geographic area)
- regional isp ( business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide)

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

FIRST GENERATION ( 1946 TO 1958)

SECOND GENERATION ( 1959 TO 1964)
THIRD GENERATION ( 1965 TO 1970)
FOURTH GENERATION ( 1971 TO TODAY)
FIFTH GENERATION ( TODAY TO FUTURE)

INTERNET DEFFINITION AND TERMS

▪︎internet
- A global network of thousands of computer networks linkef by data lines and wireless
system.

▪︎web
- A collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser.

▪︎email
- The most common method in sending and receiving messages online

▪︎social media
- Websites that allows people to share comments, photos, and videos.

▪︎online gaming
- Games that allow people to play with and against each other over the internet.

▪︎software updates
- Operating system and application updates can typically have downloaded from the
internet.
▪︎HTML
- Hypertex markup language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place
pictures and links to create a web page.

▪︎URL
- Uniform resource locator is a web address used to connect to remote resource on the
world.

▪︎BIT
- Is a single digit in the binary numbering system.

▪︎BYTE
- Generally consists of eight bits

▪︎UPLOAD
- Is to transfer data from your computer to another.

▪︎download
- To transfer data from another computer to your computer.

▪︎https
- Hypertex tranfer protocol secure

▪︎router
- Is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for network signals.

▪︎encryption
- Is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers.
▪︎web bot
- A term that applies to programs/ applets used in on the internet

▪︎search engine
- Specialized software such as google, yahoo, that lets www browser search for
information.

NETIQUETTE
- Or network etiquette, is concerned with the “proper” way to communicate in online
environment.

RULES UNDER NETIQUETTE

▪︎remember the golden rule
▪︎avoid slang, acronymns, and text talk
▪︎avoid screaming in typed messages
▪︎proofread your messages before sending them
▪︎exercise good judgement when sharing information to others.
▪︎respect diversity in viewpoints

10 COMMANDMENTS OF COMPUTER ETHICS

RULE 1: ( remember the human when communicating electronically, whether
through email, instant message, discussion, post text or some other method.)
RULE 2: ( adhere to the same standards of behavior online that yoy follow in real
life)
RULE 3: ( know where you are in cyberspace “netiquette varies from domain to
domain)
RULE 4: ( respect other peoples time and bandwidth, electronic communication
takes time: time to read and which time to respond)
 RULE 5: ( make yourself look good online)

RULE 6: ( share expert knowledge)

RULE 7: ( help keep flame wars under control)

RULE 8: (respect other peoples privacy, depending on what you are reading in
the virtual world, be it on online discussion)

RULE 9: ( don’t abuse your power)

RULE 10: ( be forgiving of other peoples mistakes)

IDENTIFYING WORDS
CYBERCRIMES
Cyber
- It is the characteristics of the culture of computers, information, technology, and virtual
reality.

Cybercrime
- Is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime.

Cybercriminals
- May use computer technology to access personal information, busuness trade secrets or
use the internet for exploitive or malicious purposes.

Cyber defamation
- an unpriviledged false statement of fact which tends to harm the reputation of the person
or company.

Republic act no.10175 cybercrime preventiom act of 2012

 - Is a law in the philippines approved on September 12, 2012, which aims to address legal
issues concerning internet.

Republic act no. 10173 data privacy act of 2012

- Is an act protecting individual personal information.
Republic act no. 9775 or anti child pornography act of 2009
- AN ACT DEFINING THE CRIME OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY, PRESCRIBING.
PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Republic act 10627 anti bullying act of 2013
- Recognizes the importance of preventing and responding to bullying, including
cyberbullying, in educational institutions.

COMMON FORMS OF CYBERCRIMES

a. copyright
- exclusive legal rights, given to an originator or an assigned to print, publish, perform to
autorize others to do the same.

Copyright infringement
- Is the violation, privacy or theft of a copyright hilder’s exclusive rights through the
unothorized use of copyrighted work.

b. plagiarism
- an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author
without authorization.

c. computer addiction
-

CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
▪︎hacking ( unauthorized access or interference with computer systems, servers, or other
information and communication system)
▪︎computer related forgery, fraud, and or identity theft ( an attempt to obtain sensitive
information such as usernames, passwords and credit cards details, often for malicious reasons)
▪︎electronic theft ( illegal downloading)
▪︎cyberbullying ( the use of electronic communication to bully person, typically by sending
intimidating messages or threatening nature)
▪︎cybersex ( willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation directly or indirectly of any
lascivious exhibition of sexual organs)
▪︎child pornography ( is a form pf child sexual exploitation)
▪︎cyber defamation ( is an unprivileged statement of fact which tends to harm the reputation of
person or company

INTERNET THREATS
▪︎hacking
▪︎malware
▪︎pharming
▪︎phishing
▪︎reasonware
▪︎spam
▪︎spyware
▪︎trojan horses
▪︎viruses
▪︎wifi eavesdropping
▪︎worms
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AGE

DIGITAL AGE
- Also known as information age, it is a period when the computer and the internet
introduced.

THEORIES IN TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
- The theory that simply believes that technology shapes the culture, values, social
structures of society.

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
- opposite of technological determinism.
- it believes that human play a main role in shaping technology rather than techmology shape
society.

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
- Is not a mere improvement in the technocal know-how.