Living in the IT Era The Internet is an INTERCONNECTION of billions
of computers around the world. Whereas, Web is
Module 1:
Introduction:
● pace of evolution- progressing faster than
ever.
● As long as there are people, information
technology will be there also because there
were always ways of communicating
through technology.
● digital advancement continues to reshape
our world
HISTORY OF ICT:
● ICT is the infrastructure and components
that enable modern computing.
● all devices, networking components,
applications and systems that combined
allow people and organizations to interact in
the digital world
USES OF ICT IN OUR DAILY LIVES:
● Communications
● Education
● Socializing
Module 3: Lesson Web and Internet
Computers around the world
Internet
- is an interconnections of computers around the
world (like giant spider web)that brings all systems
together
- Eventually, billions of computers interconnected
with forms INTERNET
Internet BROWSERS:
- accessing the internet through the browsers (ex.
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge.
etc.)
INTERNET V.S WEB
Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) is different.
the INFORMATION on the internet which may
contain Email, Chat, File sharing programs etc.
The Internet Media
- Internet is composed of a massive network like
Satellite, cellular network and physical cables.
Servers & Clients:
Servers - store the website (information). [Ex.
wikipedia, google etc.]
Clients - Devices like desktop computers, laptops,
cell phones etc.
Clients & ISP
Clients request the contents like Pictures, audios,
videos, text infos. Clients connects to the network
run by a service called INTERNET SERVICE
PROVIDER (ISP)
ISP & INTERNET
ISP have a built network, that connects millions or
billions of computers together. they also connects
to the other networks and other ISPs. It forms one
giant network called the Internet.
IP ADDRESS
IP (INTER PROTOCOL) ADDRESS is a numerical
representation that uniquely identifies a Computer
or another device on the network.
(Ex: 172.217.147.78(www.google.com))
IP ADDRESS (IPv4, IPv6)
IP addresses are binary numbers but are typically
expressed in DECIMAL form (IPv4) or
HEXADECIMAL form (IPv6)
IPv4 uses 32-bits addresses:
XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX.
IPv6 uses 128-bits addresses:
XXX:XXX:XXX:XXX:XXX:XXX:XXX:XXX:XXX
MAC ADDRESS
Device on network has its own unique Identifier
called MAC (Media Access Control) Address.
Ex: OC:11:46:52:89:9E
When we send or receive data through a network,
we need both an IP and a MAC address.
IP address- just like our House/location address (It
passes through a place, Districts, States &
Countries.)
MAC address - just like person’s Identification
NETWORK PACKETS
In network, the date send through the PACKETS =
BINARY DIGITS (Combinations of 0’s and 1’s).
Data may be audio, video, pictures, texts that break
down into Packets and those Packets re-arranges
itself back into order when they reaches the
destination.
SOURCE - PACKETS - DESTINATION
Module 4:
NETIQUETTE AND COMPUTER ETHICS
Netiquette - a set of rules for behaving properly
online. Etiquette of cyberspace and “etiquette”
forms required by good breeding to be required in
social or official life.
ONLINE ETIQUETTE:
- be respectful
- be aware of how comments might be read.
- be careful with humor and sarcasm
- think about who can see what you shared.
- remember to check friend request before
accepting them
- take time to have a read of rules of conduct or
community standards
- be forgiving
CYBER CRIMES
Cyber -characteristics of culture of computers,
information, technology and virtual reality.
Cyber Crime
- a crime in which a computer is object of the crime
(hacking, phishing, spamming and child
pornography) is used as a tool to commit an
offense.
- to prevent cyber intrusions & online crime:
right security measures and being alert and aware
when connected.
CYBERCRIMINAL - one who uses
computer tech. to access personal info,
business trade secrets or use the internet
for exploitative or malicious purposes.
Rep. Act No. 10175 (Cyber Prevention Act. of
2012)
- approved on Sept. 12, 2012 which aims to
address legal issues concerning online interactions
& internet.
Rep. Act. No. 10173 (Data Privacy Act of 2012)
- Act protecting individual personal info.
INTERNET THREATS
Common internet threats:
1. Malware - (Malicious Software) a computer
program designed to specifically damage/disrupt a
system.
Types of Malware:
1. Virus – designed to replicate itself &
transfer from one computer to another
(Shortcut Virus)
2. Worms - a program that transfers from one
to another by any means. (love bug/I love
you) -RA.1872
3. Trojan - disguised as useful program but
once downloaded/installed it leaves PC
unprotected & allows hacker to get
information
4. Spyware - program that runs in the
background without you knowing.
(Keylogging / keyloggers- used to record the
keyboard activity of users)
5. Spams- Unwanted emails mostly from bots
or advertisements.
6. Phishing - goal is to acquire sensitive
informations (passwords/credit card details.)
It is done by sending you a link to provide
your information.
7. Pharming - more complicated way of
phishing where it exploits the DNS.
8. Evil Twins- wireless network that pretend to
offer trustworthy Wi-Fi connections to the
internet.
 9. Click Fraud - Occurs when a Tips on how to stay safe online:
user/computer program prudently clicks on - Know security features of social networking sites.
ad without any intention of learning more - Do not share password with anyone
about the ad. - Avoid logging in to Public Networks/Wi-Fi
10. Identity Theft - theft of personal info. to - Always browse internet using incognito mode.
impersonate someone. - Do not talk to strangers online or f2f
11. Information Leaks - “Data breach” when - Never post anything about a future vacation.
info. is revealed to the public or given to - Add friends you know in real life.
unauthorized user. - Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
- Install and update an antivirus software
HACKING & HACKERS - make sure that Wi-Fi at home has password
- Buy Official Software. avoid pirated
Hackers - someone who accesses a computer - Do not reply or click links from suspicious emails.
system by circumventing and breaching its security - be mindful of what you share and what site you
system share it.
Hacking - defined as showing computer expertise - Do not just accept terms and conditions
in achieving a goal - Check out the privacy policy page of a website to
learn how website handles the info. you have.
Types of Hackers:
1. Professional Hackers
- White Hats/ Black Hats
2. Script Kiddies
- Wants recognition/flex
3. Underemployed Adult Hackers
- wants to impress hacking community
4. Ideological Hackers
- with goals & ideology, usually for political
purposes
5. Criminal Hackers
- no regards to anyone
6. Corporate Spies
- uncommon types
7. Disgruntled Employees
- goal is revenge

PLAGIARISM
- Copying or stealing an idea or work of others
without giving credits.

Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

(RA8293)

1. Copyright -Original works of authorship

2. Patent - Discoveries or Inventions
3. Trademark - words, phare, symbols,
Insignia
4. Trade Secrets - formula, process, methods,
or ingredients