IB CHEMISTRY

SL
Equilibrium, Acids and Bases

Paper 1: 20 marks
Paper 2: 23 marks
For paper 1, write your answers in the following table.

This page can be torn out to write on.

Name…………………………..

Question number Your

answer
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
NAME:

1. [1 mark]
Which of these acids has the weakest conjugate base?
A. HCl
B. CH 3 COOH

C. NH 4 Cl

D. C 6 H 5 COOH

2. [1 mark]
What effect does increasing both pressure and temperature have on the equilibrium
constant, Kc?
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ΔH = −45.9 kJ
A. Decreases

B. Increases

C. Remains constant

D. Cannot be predicted as effects are opposite

3. [1 mark]
What is the difference between a conjugate Brønsted–Lowry acid–base pair?
A. Electron pair

B. Positive charge

C. Proton

D. Hydrogen atom
4. [1 mark]
Which is an example of an amphiprotic species?
A. Al2O3

B. CO32−

C. P4O10

D. HPO42−

5. [1 mark]
Kc for 2N2O (g) ⇌ 2N2 (g) + O2 (g) is 7.3 × 1034.
What is Kc for the following reaction, at the same temperature?
1
N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ N2O (g)
2
A. 7.3 × 1034
1
B.
√7.3 × 1034
2
C. 34
7.3× 10
1
D. 34
2× 7.3× 10

6. [1 mark]
Which solution is basic at 25 °C?
Kw = 1.0 × 10−14
A. [H+] = 1.0 × 10−3 mol dm−3
B. [OH−] = 1.0 × 10−13 mol dm−3
C. solution of pH = 4.00
D. [H3O+] = 1.0 × 10−13 mol dm−3
7. [1 mark]
What is the equilibrium constant expression for the following equation?
2NO2 (g) + F2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2F (g)
2[ N O 2 F ]
A.
2[N O2 ]+[F 2 ]
2[ N O2 F ]
B.
2[N O2 ][ F 2]
2
[ N O2] [F 2 ]
C. 2
[N O2 F ]
2
[N O2 F ]
D. 2
[ N O2] [F 2 ]

8. [1 mark]
What is the pH of 0.001 mol dm−3 NaOH (aq)?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 11
D. 13

9. [1 mark]
What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?
A. methane
B. carbon dioxide
C. nitrogen oxides
D. sulfur dioxide
10. [1 mark]
Which two species act as Brønsted–Lowry acids in the reaction?
H2PO4− (aq) + OH− (aq) ⇌ HPO42− (aq) + H2O (l)

A. HPO42− (aq) and OH− (aq)

B. H2PO4− (aq) and HPO42− (aq)
C. HPO42− (aq) and H2O (l)
D. H2PO4− (aq) and H2O (l)

11. [1 mark]
What is the order of increasing pH for the following solutions of the same
concentration?

A. HCl (aq) < NH3 (aq) < NaOH (aq) < CH3COOH (aq)
B. CH3COOH (aq) < HCl (aq) < NH3 (aq) < NaOH (aq)
C. HCl (aq) < CH3COOH (aq) < NH3 (aq) < NaOH (aq)
D. NaOH (aq) < NH3 (aq) < CH3COOH (aq) < HCl (aq)

12. [1 mark]
What is the effect of increasing the temperature in this reaction?
CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCO3−(aq) ΔH < 0
A. The pH will decrease.
B. The pH will increase.
C. CO2 pressure will decrease.
D. The equilibrium position will shift to the right.
13. [1 mark]
What occurs when the pressure on the given equilibrium is increased at constant
temperature?
N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) ΔH = +180 kJ
A. Kc increases and the position of equilibrium moves to the right.
B. Kc stays the same and the position of equilibrium is unchanged.
C. Kc stays the same and the position of equilibrium moves to the left.
D. Kc decreases and the position of equilibrium moves to the left.

14. [1 mark]
What are the products of the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydrogen
carbonate?
A. NaSO4 + H2O + CO2
B. Na2SO4 + CO2
C. Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
D. NaSO4 + H2CO3

15. [1 mark]
Which factor does not affect the position of equilibrium in this reaction?
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) ΔH = −58 kJ mol−1
A. Change in volume of the container
B. Change in temperature
C. Addition of a catalyst
D. Change in pressure
16. [1 mark]
Which statement is correct?
A. A strong acid is a good proton donor and has a strong conjugate base.
B. A weak acid is a poor proton acceptor and has a strong conjugate base.
C. A strong acid is a good proton donor and has a weak conjugate base.
D. A strong base is a good proton donor and has a weak conjugate acid.

17. [1 mark]
10.0 cm3 of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide of pH = 10 is mixed with 990.0
cm3 of distilled water. What is the pH of the resulting solution?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 11
D. 12

18. [1 mark]
Which statement is incorrect for a 0.10 mol dm–3 HCOOH solution?
A. pH = 1
B. [H+] << 0.10 mol dm–3
C. [HCOO–] is approximately equal to [H+]
D. HCOOH is partially ionized

19. [1 mark]
Which 1.0 mol dm–3 solution has the highest pH?
A. Ammonium chloride
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Sodium chloride
D. Ammonia
20. [1 mark]
Consider the equilibrium between N2O4(g) and NO2(g).
N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g) ΔH = +58 kJmol−1
Which changes shift the position of equilibrium to the right?
I . Increasing the temperature
II . Decreasing the pressure
III . Adding a catalyst
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
Paper 2 Name:

21a. [1 mark]
A molecule of citric acid, C6H8O7, is shown.

The equation for the first dissociation of citric acid in water is

C6H8O7 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ C6H7O7− (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
Identify a conjugate acid–base pair in the equation.

21b. [1 mark]
The value of the equilibrium constant for the first dissociation at 298 K is 5.01 × 10 −4.
State, giving a reason, the strength of citric acid.

21c. [2 marks]
The dissociation of citric acid is an endothermic process. State the effect on the hydrogen
ion concentration, [H+], and on the equilibrium constant, of increasing the temperature.
21d. [1 mark]
Outline one laboratory methods of distinguishing between solutions of citric acid and
hydrochloric acid of equal concentration, stating the expected observations.

22. [2 marks]
Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is another derivative of benzene.

The pH of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid at 298 K is 2.95. Determine the concentration
of hydroxide ions in the solution, using section 2 of the data booklet.
23a. [1 mark]
Carbonated water is produced when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water under pressure.
The following equilibria are established.

Carbon dioxide acts as a weak acid.

Distinguish between a weak and strong acid.

Weak acid:
Strong acid:

23b. [1 mark]
The hydrogencarbonate ion, produced in Equilibrium (2), can also act as an acid.
State the formula of its conjugate base.
23c. [1 mark]
When a bottle of carbonated water is opened, these equilibria are disturbed.
State, giving a reason, how a decrease in pressure affects the position of Equilibrium (1).

23d. [2 marks]
Soda water has sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3, dissolved in the carbonated water.
Predict, referring to Equilibrium (2), how the added sodium hydrogencarbonate affects the
pH.(Assume pressure and temperature remain constant.)

24a. [1 mark]
The equations for two acid-base reactions are given below.
HCO3– (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H2CO3 (aq) + OH– (aq)
HCO3– (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CO32– (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
Identify two different amphiprotic species in the above reactions.

24b. [1 mark]
State what is meant by the term conjugate base.
24c. [1 mark] H2SO3 is a weak acid, give the reaction when Sulphur dioxide reacts with
water to form this acid.

25a. [1 mark]
Soluble acids and bases ionize in water.
A solution containing 0.510 g of an unknown monoprotic acid, HA, was titrated with 0.100
mol dm–3 NaOH(aq). 25.0 cm3 was required to reach the equivalence point.
Calculate the amount, in mol, of NaOH(aq) used.

25b. [1 mark]
Calculate the molar mass of the acid.

25c. [1 mark]
Calculate [H+] in the NaOH solution.
26 c. [5 marks]

Dissolved carbon dioxide causes unpolluted rain to have a pH of approximately 5, but other
dissolved gases can result in a much lower pH.

Give chemical equations to show why unpolluted rain is naturally acid.

State two gases which can dissolve in water to cause rain with a pH< 5.

State two environmental effects of acid rain.

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